Metabolomics of urinary tract infection: a new uroscope in town

References

• Mysorekar IU, Hultgren SJ. Mechanisms of uropathogenic E. coli persistence and eradication from the urinary tract. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA103(38), 14170–14175 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaynes R, Edwards JR. National nosocomial infections surveillance system. Overview of nosocomial infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Clin. Infec. Dis.41(6), 848–854 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronald A. The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens. Am. J. Med.113(1A), S14–S19 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohn EB, Schaeffer AJ. Urinary tract infections in adults. Sci. World J.4(Suppl. 1), 76–88 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Foxman B. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs. Am. J. Med.113(Suppl. 1A), S5–S13 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foxman B, Barlow R, D’Arcy H, Gillespie B, Sobel JD. Urinary tract infection: self-reported incidence and associated costs. Ann. Epidemiol.10(8), 509–515 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim YW, Steinhoff M, Girosi F et al. Reducing the global burden of acute lower respiratory infections in children: the contribution of new diagnostics. Nature444(Suppl.), 9–18 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foxman B. The epidemiology of urinary tract infection. Nat. Rev. Urol.7(12), 653–660 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooton TM, Scholes D, Hughes JP et al. A prospective study of risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in young women. N. Engl. J. Med.335(7), 468–474 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamm WE, Hooton TM. Management of urinary tract infections in adults. N. Engl. J. Med.329(18), 1328–1334 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klugman KP, Madhi SA, Albrich WC. Novel approaches to the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae as the cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin. Infect. Dis.47(Suppl. 3), S202–S206 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andes D, Craig WA. In vivo activities of amoxicillin and amoxicillin–clavulanate against Streptococcus pneumoniae: application to breakpoint determinations. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.42(9), 2375–2379 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshikawa TT. Antimicrobial resistance and aging: beginning of the end of the antibiotic era? J. Am. Geriatr. Soc.50, S206–S209 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Christou L, Pappas G, Falagas ME. Bacterial infection-related morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. Am. J. Gastroenterol.102(7), 1510–1517 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson LC, Smith WS, Biswas AK, Camarca MA, Waecker NJ. Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome: a case for early diagnosis. Pediatr. Nephrol.8(2), 211–213 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdoch DR, O’Brien KL, Scott JA et al. Breathing new life into pneumonia diagnostics. J. Clin. Microbiol.47(11), 3405–3408 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dielubanza EJ, Schaeffer AJ. Urinary tract infections in women. Med. Clin. N. Am.95(1), 27–41 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bent S, Saint S. Optimal use of diagnostic testing in women with acute uncomplicated cystitis. Am. J. Med.113(Suppl. 1A), S20–S28 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearle MS. Does the midstream urine culture and sensitivity test reliably predict infected urine near a ureteral obstruction? Nat. Clin. Prac. Urol.1, 16–17 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Mariappan P, Loong CW. Midstream urine culture and sensitivity test is a poor predictor of infected urine proximal to the obstructing ureteral stone or infected stones: a prospective clinical study. J. Urol.171(6 Pt 1), 2142–2145 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfaller M, Rigenberg B, Rames L, Hegeman J, Koontz F. The usefulness of screening tests for pyuria in combination with urine culture in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.6(3), 207–215 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditchburn RK, Ditchburn JS. A study of microscopical and chemical tests for the rapid diagnosis of urinary tract infections in general practice. Br. J. Gen. Pract.40(339), 406–408 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayward NJ, Jeavons TH. Assessment of technique for rapid detection of E.coli and Proteus species in urine by head-space gas–liquid chromatography. J. Clin. Microbiol.6(3), 202–208 (1977).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies T, Hayward NJ. Volatile products from acetylcholine as markers in the rapid urine test using head-space gas–liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr.307(1), 11–21 (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghenghesh KS, Drucker DB. Gas liquid chromatography of amines produced by the Enterobacteriaceae. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res.22(6), 653–665 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodacre R, Timmins EM, Burton R et al. Rapid identification of urinary tract infection bacteria using hypersepctral whole-organism fingerprinting and artificial neural networks. Microbiology144, 1157–1170 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong DW, Schneiderheinze JM. Rapid identification of the bacterial pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections using direct injecting CE. Anal. Chem.72(18), 4474–4476 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guernion N, Ratchiffe NM, Spencer-phillips PT, Howe RA. Identifying bacteria in human urine: current practice and the potential for rapid, near-patient diagnosis by sensing volatile organic compounds. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.39(10), 893–906 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kronvall G, Hagelberg A. Numerical evaluation of minimal biochemical test combinations for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae species. APMIS110(6), 451–457 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manoni F, Valverde S, Antico F, Salvadego MM, Giacomini A, Gessoni G. Field evaluation of a second-generation cytometer UF-100 in diagnosis of acute urinary tract infections in adult patients. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.8(10), 662–668 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doleans A, Issabre Y, Freney J. Fast tests in bacteriology. Ann. Biol. Clin. (Paris)61(4), 379–392 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh HK, Yachha SK, Saxena R et al. A new dimension of 1H-NMR spectroscopy in assessment of liver graft dysfunction. NMR Biomed.16(4), 185–188 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxena V, Gupta A, Gowda GAN, Saxena R, Yachha SK, Khetrapal CL. 1H NMR spectroscopy for the prediction of therapeutic outcome in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. NMR Biomed.19(5), 521–526 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranjan P, Gupta A, Kumar S, Gowda GAN, Ranjan A, Sonker AA, Detection of new amino acid markers of liver trauma by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Liver Int.26(6), 703–707 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanium A, Gupta A, Saxena S et al. Proton MR CSF analysis and new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed.18(4), 213–225 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Mahdi AA, Ahmad MK et al.1H NMR spectroscopic analysis of human seminal plasma: A probative discriminant function analysis classification model. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.54(1), 106–113 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis GD, Wei R, Liu E et al. Metabolite profiling of blood from individuals undergoing planned myocardial infarction reveals early markers of myocardial injury. J. Clin. Invest.118(10), 3503–3512 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathi S, Somashekar BS, Mahdi AA et al. Aluminum-mediated metabolic changes in rat serum and urine: a proton nuclear magnetic resonance study. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol.22(2), 119–127 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertini I, Calabro A, De Carli V et al. The metabonomic signature of celiac disease. J. Proteome Res.8(1), 170–177 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barba I, De Leon G, Martin E et al. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics predicts exercise-induced ischemia in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Magn. Reson. Med.60(1), 27–32 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjerrum JT, Nielsen OH, Hao F et al. Metabonomics in ulcerative colitis: diagnostics, biomarker identification, and insight into the pathophysiology. J. Proteome Res.9(2), 954–962 (2009).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams HR, Walker DG, North BV et al. Metabonomics in ulcerative colitis. J. Proteome Res.9(5), 2794–2795 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monleon D, Morales JM, Barrasa A et al. Metabolite profiling of fecal water extracts from human colorectal cancer. NMR Biomed.22(3), 342–348 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Mahdi AA, Ahmad MK et al. A proton NMR study of the effect of Mucuna pruriens on seminal plasma metabolites of infertile males. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.55(5), 1060–1066 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourne R, Himmelreich U, Sharma A et al. Identification of Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus by multivariate analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic data from plate cultures. J. Clin. Microbiol.39(8), 2916–2923 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himmelreich U, Somorjai RL, Dolenko B et al. A rapid screening test to distinguish between Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis using NMR spectroscopy. FEMS Microbiol. Lett.251(2), 327–332 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himmelreich U, Somorjai RL, Dolenko B et al. Rapid identification of Candida species by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a statistical classification strategy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.69(8), 4566–4574 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguayo JB, Gamcsik MP, Dick JD. High resolution deuterium NMR studies of bacterial metabolism. J. Bio. Chem.263(36), 19552–19557 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweatman BC, Farrant RD, Lindon JC. NMR of biofluids: detection of 2H-acetate and 2H-formate in urine as an indicator of microbiological contamination. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.11(2), 169–172 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen LG, Savorani F, Larsen TM, Dragsted LO, Astrup A, Engelsen SB. Standardization of factors that influence human urine metabolomics. Metabolomics7, 71–83 (2011).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuppi C, Messana I, Forni F et al.1H NMR spectra of normal urines: reference ranges of the major metabolites. Clin. Chim. Acta265(1), 85–97 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenz EM, Bright J, Wilson ID, Morgan SR, Nash AFP. A 1H NMR-based metabolomics study of urine and plasma samples obtained from healthy human subjects. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.33(5), 1103–1115 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenz EM, Bright J, Wilson ID et al. Metabolomics, dietary influences and cultural differences: a 1H NMR-based study of urine samples obtained from healthy British and Swedish subjects. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.36(4), 841–849 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Dwivedi M, Mahdi AA et al.1H NMR Identification and quantification of common uropathogens: a metabolic approach to the urinary tract infection. Br. J. Urol. Int.104, 236–244 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Dwivedi M, Mahdi AA et al. Broad identification of bacterial type in urinary tract infection using 1H NMR spectroscopy. J. Proteome Res.11, 1844–1854 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delpassand ES, Chari MV, Stager CE et al. Rapid identification of common human pathogens by high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Clin. Microbiol.33(5), 1258–1262 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Dwivedi M, Gowda GAN et al.1H NMR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced urinary tract infection. NMR Biomed.18(5), 293–299 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Dwivedi M, Gowda GAN et al.1H NMR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced urinary tract infection. NMR Biomed.19(8), 1055–1061 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Dwivedi M, Bhandari M et al. Metabolic approrach for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection caused by common uropathogens (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae): 1H NMR spectroscopic study. J. Urol.177(4), 19–20 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Dwivedi M, Mahdi AA et al. Metabolic approach to the diagnosis of P. mirabilis: 1H NMR spectroscopy study. J. Urol.179(4), 82 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Dwivedi M, Mahdi AA et al. Inhibition of adherence of multi-drug resistant E.coli by proanthocyanidin. Urol. Res.40, 143–150 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becker ED, Fisk CL. NMR: physical principles and current status as a biomedical technique. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci.508, 1–9 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitoshi W, Tsukasa K. Development of 1GHz Class NMR magnets. IEEE Trans. Appl. Superconduct.12, 715–717 (2002).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wensink H, Benito-Lopez F, Hermes DC et al. Measuring reaction kinetics in a lab-on-chip by micro-coil NMR. Lab. Chip5(3), 280–284 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krojanski HG, Lambert J, Gerikalam Y, Suter D, Hergenroder R. Microslot NMR probe for metabolomics studies. Anal. Chem.80(22), 8668–8672 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bert J, Kolkman AJ, Oosthoek-deVries AJ et al. A microfluidic high-resolution NMR flow probe. J. Am. Chem. Soc.131(14), 5014–5015 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee H, Sun E, Ham D et al. Chip-NMR biosensor for detection and molecular analysis of cells. Nat. Med.14(8), 869–874 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar