591
Views
42
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
CONTENTS

Spatial-Temporal Variability in Turbulent Fluxes during Spring Snowmelt

, &
Pages 136-146 | Received 01 Jun 2005, Published online: 28 Jan 2018

References Cited

  • Blanford, J. H. and L. W. Gay . 1992. Tests of a robust eddy correlation system for sensible heat flux. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 46:53–60.
  • Bloeschl, G. , R. Kirnbauer , and D. Gutknecht . 1991. Distributed snowmelt simulations in an alpine catchment. 1. Model evaluation on the basis of snow cover patterns. Water Resources Research 27:3171–3179.
  • Claussen, M. 1991. Estimation of areally-averaged surface fluxes. Boundary-layer Meteorology 54:387–410.
  • Dunne, T. , A. G. Price , and S. C. Colbeck . 1976. The generation of runoff from subarctic snowpacks. Water Resources Research 12:677–685.
  • Eaton, F. and G. Wendler . 1982. The heat balance during the snow melt season for a permafrost watershed in interior Alaska. Archives for Meteorology, Geophysics, and Bioclimatology 31:19–33.
  • Essery, R. 2001. Spatial statistics of windflow and blowing-snow fluxes over complex topography. Boundary-layer Meteorology 100:1–17.
  • Essery, R. , L. Long , and J. W. Pomeroy . 1999. A distributed model of blowing snow over complex terrain. Hydrological Processes 13:2423–2438.
  • Hinzman, L. D. , G. Wendler , R. E. Gleck , and D. L. Kane . 1992. Snowmelt at a small Alaskan Arctic watershed, 1. Energy related processes. 9th International Northern Research Basins Symposium, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. NHRI Symposium No. 10, 171–197.
  • Jordan, R. 1991. A one-dimensional temperature model for a snow cover. Technical Documentation for SNTHERM 89. CRREL Special Report, 91-16, 49 pp.
  • Lhomme, J-P. , A. Chehboumi , and B. Monteney . 1994. Effective parameters of surface energy balance in heterogeneous landscape. Boundary-layer Meteorology 71:297–309.
  • Liston, G. E. 1995. Local advection of momentum, heat, and moisture during the melt of patchy snow covers. Journal of Applied Meteorology 34:1705–1715.
  • Liston, G. E. and K. Elder . 2005. A meteorological distribution system for high resolution terrestrial modelling (Micromet). Journal of Hydrometeorology, in press.
  • Liston, G. E. and M. Sturm . 1998. A snow-transport model for complex terrain. Journal of Glaciology 44:498–516.
  • Liston, G. E. and M. Sturm . 2002. Winter precipitation patterns in arctic Alaska determined from a blowing-snow model and snow-depth observations. Journal of Hydrometeorology 3:646–659.
  • Liston, G. E. , R. L. Brown , and J. D. Dent . 1993. A two-dimensional computational model of turbulent atmospheric surface flow with drifting snow. Annals of Glaciology 18:281–286.
  • Luce, C. H. , D. G. Tarboton , and K. R. Cooley . 1998. The influence of the spatial distribution of snow on basin-averaged snowmelt. Hydrological Processes 12:1671–1683.
  • Male, D. H. and R. J. Granger . 1981. Snow surface energy exchange. Water Resources Research 17:609–627.
  • Marks, D. and J. Dozier . 1992. Climate and energy exchange at the snow surface in the alpine region of the Sierra Nevada. 2. Snow cover energy balance. Water Resources Research 28:3043–3054.
  • Marks, D. , J. Domingo , D. Susong , T. Link , and D. Garen . 1999. A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model for application in mountain basins. Hydrological Processes 13:1935–1959.
  • Marsh, P. 1999. Snow cover formation and melt: recent advances and future prospects. Hydrological Processes 13:2117–2134.
  • Marsh, P. and J. W. Pomeroy . 1996. Meltwater fluxes at an arctic forest-tundra site. Hydrological Processes 10:1383–1400.
  • Marsh, P. and M. K. Woo . 1981. Snowmelt, glacier melt, and high arctic streamflow regimes. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18:1380–1384.
  • Marsh, P. and M. K. Woo . 1984. Wetting front advance and freezing of meltwater within a snow cover 1. Observations in the Canadian Arctic. Water Resources Research 20:1853–1864.
  • Marsh, P. , J. W. Pomeroy , and N. Neumann . 1997. Sensible heat flux and local advection over a heterogeneous landscape at an Arctic tundra site during snowmelt. Annals of Glaciology 25:132–136.
  • Martin, E. and Y. Lejeune . 1998. Turbulent fluxes above the snow surface. Journal of Glaciology 26:179–183.
  • Moore, R. D. 1983. On the use of bulk aerodynamic formulae over melting snow. Nordic Hydrology 14:193–206.
  • Morris, E. M. 1989. Turbulent fluxes over snow and ice. Journal of Hydrology 105:205–233.
  • Neumann, N. and P. Marsh . 1998. Local advection of sensible heat in the snowmelt landscape of Arctic tundra. Hydrological Processes 12:1547–1560.
  • Pohl, S. and P. Marsh . 2006. Small-scale modelling of spatially variable snowmelt in an arctic catchment. Hydrological Processes, in press.
  • Pohl, S. , P. Marsh , and A. Pietroniro . 2006. Spatial-temporal variability in solar radiation during spring snowmelt. Nordic Hydrology, in press.
  • Pomeroy, J. W. and L. Li . 2000. Prairie and arctic areal snow cover mass balance using a blowing snow model. Journal of Geophysical Research 105:26619–26634.
  • Pomeroy, J. W. , P. Marsh , and D. M. Gray . 1997. Application of a distributed blowing snow model to the Arctic. Hydrological Processes 11:1451–1464.
  • Purves, R. S. , J. S. Barton , W. A. MacKaness , and D. E. Sugden . 1998. The development of a rule-based spatial model of wind transport and deposition of snow. Journal of Glaciology 26:197–202.
  • Quinton, W. L. and P. Marsh . 1999. A conceptual framework for runoff generation in a permafrost environment. Hydrological Processes 13:2563–2581.
  • Ross, D. G. , I. N. Smith , P. C. Manins , and D. G. Fox . 1988. Diagnostic wind field modeling for complex terrain: model development and testing. Journal of Applied Meteorology 27:785–796.
  • Ryan, R. C. 1977. A mathematical model for diagnosis and prediction of surface winds in mountainous terrain. Journal of Applied Meteorology 16:571–584.
  • Susong, D. , D. Marks , and D. Garen . 1999. Methods for developing time-series climate surfaces to drive topographically distributed energy- and water-balance models. Hydrological Processes 13:2003–2021.
  • Taylor, P. A. , J. L. Walmsley , and J. R. Salmon . 1983. A simple model of neutrally stratified boundary-layer flow over real terrain incorporating wavenumber-dependent scaling. Boundary-layer Meteorology 26:169–189.
  • Verseghy, D. L. , N. A. McFarlane , and M. Lazare . 1993. CLASS—A Canadian Land Surface Scheme for GCMs. II. Vegetation model and coupled runs. International Journal of Climatology 13:347–370.
  • Walmsley, J. L. , J. R. Salmon , and P. A. Taylor . 1982. On the application of a model of boundary layer flow over low hills to real terrain. Boundary-layer Meteorology 23:17–46.
  • Walmsley, J. L. , P. A. Taylor , and T. Keith . 1986. A simple model of neutrally stratified boundary-layer flow over complex terrain with surface roughness modulations (MS3DJH/3R). Boundary-layer Meteorology 36:157–186.
  • Woo, M. K. and K. L. Young . 2004. Modelling arctic snow distribution and melt at the 1-km grid scale. Nordic Hydrology 35:295–307.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.