Influence of Two N-Fixing Legumes on Plant Community Properties and Soil Nutrient Levels in an Alpine Ecosystem

References Cited

• Bellingham, P. J. , Walker, R. L. , and Wardle, D. A. , 2001: Differential facilitation by a nitrogen-fixing shrub during primary succession influences relative performance of canopy tree species. Journal of Ecology, 89: 861–875.
   Google Scholar
• Belsky, A. J. , Mwonga, S. M. , Amundson, R. G. , Duxbury, J. M. , and Ali, A. R. , 1993: Comparative effects of isolated trees on their undercanopy environments in high- and low-rainfall savannas. Journal of Applied Ecology , 30: 143–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliss, L. C. , 1971: Arctic and alpine plant life cycles. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , 2: 405–438.
   Google Scholar
• Bowman, W. D. , Schardt, J. C. , and Schmidt, S. K. , 1996: Symbiotic N2-fixation in alpine tundra: ecosystem input and variation in fixation rates among communities. Oecologia, 108: 345–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremmer, J. M. , and Mulvaney, C. S. , 1982: Nitrogen—Total. In Page, A. L. , Miller, R. H. , and Keeney, D. R. (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2. 2nd edition. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, Inc., 595–624.
   Google Scholar
• Callaway, R. M. , 1995: Positive interactions among plants. Botanical Review, 61: 306–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carino, D. A. , and Daehler, C. , 2002: Can inconspicuous legumes facilitate alien grass invasions? Partridge peas and fountain grass in Hawai'i. Ecography, 25: 33–41.
   Google Scholar
• Chapin, F. S., III , Shaver, G. R. , Giblin, A. E. , Nadelhoffer, K. J. , and Laundre, J. A. , 1995: Responses of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology , 76: 694–711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• del Moral, R. , and Rozzell, L. R. , 2005: Long-term effects of Lupinus lepidus on vegetation dynamics at Mount St. Helens. Plant Ecology, 181: 203–215.
   Google Scholar
• Egnér, H. , Riehm, H. , and Domingo, W. R. , 1960: Untersuchungen über die chemische Boden-Analyse als Grundlage für die Beurteilung des Nährstoffzustandes der Boden. Kungliga Landbrukshögskolans Annaler, 26: 199–215.
   Google Scholar
• Fornara, D. A. , and Tilman, D. , 2008: Plant functional composition influences rates of soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation. Journal of Ecology, 96: 314–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, J. F. , 1992: Responses of diversity and growth-form dominance to fertility in Alaskan tundra fellfield communities. Arctic and Alpine Research, 24: 233–237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granhall, U. , and Lid-Torsvik, V. 1975: Nitrogen fixation by bacteria and free-living blue-green algae in tundra areas. In Wielgolaski, F. E. (ed.), Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems Part 1: Plants and Microorganisms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 305–315.
   Google Scholar
• Grime, J. P. , 1979: Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 222 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Halvorson, J. J. , and Smith, J. L. , 2009: Carbon and nitrogen accumulation and microbial activity in Mount St. Helens pyroclastic substrates after 25 years. Plant and Soil, 315: 211–218.
   Google Scholar
• Halvorson, J. J. , Smith, J. L. , and Franz, E. H. , 1991: Lupine influence on soil carbon, nitrogen and microbial activity in developing ecosystems at Mount St. Helens. Oecologia , 87: 162–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Høgh-Jensen, H. , 2006: The nitrogen transfer between plants: an important but difficult flux to quantify. Plant and Soil, 282: 1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacot, K. A. , Lüscher, A. , Nösberger, J. , and Hartwig, U. A. , 2000: Symbiotic N2 fixation of various legume species along an altitudinal gradient in the Swiss Alps. Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 32: 1043–1052.
   Google Scholar
• Jacot, K. A. , Lüscher, A. , Suter, M. , Nösberger, J. , and Hartwig, U. A. , 2005: Significance of legumes for the distribution of plant species in grassland ecosystems at different altitudes in the Alps. Plant Ecology , 180: 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Jägerbrand, A. K. , Alatalo, J. M. , Chrimes, D. , and Molau, U. , 2009: Plant community responses to 5 years of simulated climate change in meadow and heath ecosystems at a subarctic-alpine site. Oecologia , 161: 601–610.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jefferies, R. A. , Bradshaw, A. D. , and Putwain, P. D. , 1981: Growth, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen transfer by legume species established on mine spoils. Journal of Applied Ecology , 18: 945–956.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, D. A. , and Rumbaugh, M. D. , 1986: Field nodulation and acetylene reduction activity of high-altitude legumes in the western United States. Arctic and Alpine Research , 18: 171–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karagatzides, J. D. , Lewis, M. C. , and Schulman, H. M. , 1985: Nitrogen fixation in the High Arctic at Sarcpa Lake, Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Botany , 63: 974–979.
   Google Scholar
• Kenny, S. T. , and Cuany, R. L. , 1990: Nitrogen accumulation and acetylene reduction activity of native lupines on disturbed mountain sites in Colorado. Journal of Range Management , 43: 49–51.
   Google Scholar
• Klanderud, K. , 2005: Climate change effects on species interactions in an alpine plant community. Journal of Ecology , 93: 127–137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klanderud, K. , 2008: Species-specific responses of an alpine plant community under simulated environmental change. Journal of Vegetation Science , 19: 363–372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klanderud, K. , and Totland, Ø ., 2005a: Simulated climate change altered dominance hierarchies and diversity of an alpine biodiversity hotspot. Ecology , 86: 2047–2054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klanderud, K. , and Totland, Ø ., 2005b: The relative importance of neighbours and abiotic environmental conditions for population dynamic parameters of two alpine plant species. Journal of Ecology, 93: 493–501.
   Google Scholar
• Lepš, J. , and Šmilauer , P., 2003: Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Using CANOCO. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 269 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lid, J. , and Lid, D. T. , 2005: Norsk Flora. 7th edition. Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget, 1230 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lunde, T. , 1962: An investigation into the pH-amplitude of some mountain plants in the county of Troms. Acta Borealia A. Scientia , 20: 1–103.
   Google Scholar
• Makarov, M. I. , Malysheva, T. I. , Ermak, A. A. , Onipchenko, V. G. , Stepanov, A. L. , and Menyailo, O. V. , 2011: Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the alpine community of a lichen heath of the northwestern Caucasus region (the Teberda Reserve). Eurasian Soil Science , 44: 1381–1388.
   Google Scholar
• Maron, J. L. , and Connors, P. G. , 1996: A native nitrogen-fixing shrub facilitates weed invasion. Oecologia , 105: 302–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maron, J. L. , and Jefferies, R. L. , 1999: Bush lupine mortality, altered resource availability and alternative vegetation states. Ecology , 80: 443–454.
   Google Scholar
• Moen, A. , 1998: Nasjonalatlas for Norge: vegetasjon. Hønefoss: Statens Kartverk, 199 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, W. F. , and Wood, D. M. , 1989: The role of lupine succession on Mount St. Helens: facilitation or inhibition? Ecology , 70: 697–703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulvaney, R. L. , 1996: Nitrogen—Inorganic forms. In Sparks, D. L. et al. (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, Inc., 1123–1184.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, D. W. , and Sommers, L. E. , 1982: Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In Page, A. L. , Miller, R. H. , and Keeney, D. R. (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2. 2nd edition. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy , Inc., 539–579.
   Google Scholar
• Norwegian Meteorological Institute , 2010: eKlima. Data from weather station 25840 at Finse, normal period 1961–1990. http://eklima.met.no, accessed 2 February 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Nybakken, L. , Sandvik, S. M. , and Klanderud, K. , 2011: Experimental warming had little effect on carbon-based secondary compounds, carbon and nitrogen in selected alpine plants and lichens. Environmental and Experimental Botany , 72: 368–376.
   Google Scholar
• Perroni-Ventura, Y. , Montaña, C. , and García-Oliva, F. , 2006: Relationship between soil nutrient availability and plant species richness in a tropical semi-arid environment. Journal of Vegetation Science , 17: 719–728.
   Google Scholar
• Pugnaire, F. I. , and Luque, M. T. , 2001: Changes in plant interactions along a gradient of environmental stress. Oikos , 93: 42–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugnaire, F. I. , Haase, P. , Puigdefabregas, J. , Cueto, M. , Clark, S. C. , and Incoll, L. D. , 1996: Facilitation and succession under the canopy of a leguminous shrub, Retama sphaerocarpa, in a semi-arid environment in south-east Spain. Oikos , 76: 455–464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Echeverría, S. , and Pérez-Fernándes, M. A. , 2003: Soil fertility and herb facilitation mediated by Retama sphaerocarpa. Journal of Vegetation Science , 14: 807–814.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, B. E. , and Villagra, P. E. , 2003: Effects of Prosopis flexuosa on soil properties and the spatial pattern of understorey species in arid Argentina. Journal of Vegetation Science , 14: 543–550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulman, H. M. , Lewis, M. C. , Tipping, E. M. , and Bordeleau, L. M. , 1988: Nitrogen fixation by three species of Leguminosae in the Canadian High Arctic tundra. Plant, Cell and Environment , 11: 721–728.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaver, G R. , Bret-Harte, M. S. , Jones, M. H. , Johnstone, J. , Gough, L. , Laundre, J. , and Chapin, F. S., III , 2001: Species composition interacts with fertilizer to control long-term change in tundra productivity. Ecology , 82: 3163–3181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprent, J. I. , 1989: Which steps are essential for the formation of functional legume nodules? New Phytologist , 111: 129–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temperton, V. M. , Mwangi, P. N. , Scherer-Lorenzen, M. , Schmid, B. , and Buchmann, N. , 2007: Positive interactions between nitrogen-fixing legumes and four different neighbouring species in a biodiversity experiment. Oecologia , 151: 190–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ter Braak, C. J. F. , and Šmilauer, P. , 1998: CANOCO Reference Manual and User's Guide to Canoco for Windows: Software for Canonical Community Ordination. Version 4. Ithaca, New York: Microcomputer Power, 352 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Theodose, T. A. , and Bowman, W. D. , 1997: Nutrient availability, plant abundance, and species diversity in two alpine tundra communities. Ecology , 78: 1861–1872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, B. D. , and Bowman, W. D. , 1998: Influence of N2-fixing Trifolium on plant species composition and biomass production in alpine tundra. Oecologia , 115: 26–31.
   Google Scholar
• Tiedemann, A. R. , and Klemmedson, J. O. , 1973: Effect of mesquite on physical and chemical properties of the soil. Journal of Range Management , 1: 27–29.
   Google Scholar
• van Wijk, M. T. , Clemmensen, K. E. , Shaver, G. R. , Williams, M. , Callaghan, T. V. , Chapin, F. S., III , Cornelissen, J. H. C. , Gough, L. , Hobbie, S. E. , Jonasson, S. , Lee, J. A. , Michelsen, A. , Press, M. C. , Richardson, S. J. , and Rueth, H. , 2003: Long-term ecosystem level experiments at Toolik Lake, Alaska, and at Abisko, northern Sweden: generalizations and differences in ecosystem and plant type response to global change. Global Change Biology , 10: 105–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitousek, P. M. , and Field, C. B. , 1999: Ecosystem constraints to symbiotic nitrogen fixers: a simple model and its implications. Biogeochemistry , 46: 179–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. , Long, R. , Wang, Q. , Liu, W. , Jing, Z. , and Zhang, L. , 2010: Fertilization and litter effects on the functional group biomass, species diversity of plants, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity of two alpine meadow communities. Plant and Soil , 331: 377–389.
   Google Scholar
• Wolf, J. J. , Beatty, S. W. , and Seastedt, T. R. , 2004: Soil characteristics of Rocky Mountain National Park grasslands invaded by Melilotus officinalis and M. alba. Journal of Biogeography , 31: 415–424.
   Google Scholar
• Zolórzano, L. , 1969: Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenolhypochlorite method. Limnology and Oceanography , 14: 799–801.
   Google Scholar