460
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Observational Study of Surface Wind Regime on the North Slope of Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest)

, , , &
Pages 807-817 | Accepted 01 Jul 2015, Published online: 05 Jan 2018

References Cited

  • Aizen, V. B. , Aizen, E. M. , and Nikitin, S. A. , 2002: Glacier regime on the northern slope of the Himalaya (Xixibangma glaciers). Quaternary International , 97–98: 27–39.
  • Arritt, R. W. , and Pielke, R. A. , 1986: Interactions of nocturnal slope flows with ambient winds. Boundary-Layer Meteorology , 37: 183– 195.
  • Barry, R. G. , 2008: Mountain Weather and Climate. 3rd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bertolani, L. , and Boflasina, M. , 2000: Recent biennial variability of meteorological features in the eastern Highland Himalayas. Geophysical Research Letters , 27: 2185–2188.
  • Cai, X. , Song, Y. , Zhu, T. , Lin, W. , and Kang, L. , 2007: Glacier winds in the Rongbuk Valley, north of Mount Everest: 2. Their role in vertical exchange processes. Journal of Geophysical Research , 112: D11102, doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007868 .
  • Chen, X. L. , Su, Z. B. , Ma, Y. M. , and Sunt, F. , 2012: Analysis of land-atmosphere interactions over the north region of Mt. Qomolangma (Mt. Everest). Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research , 44: 412–422.
  • Dadic, R. , Mott, R. , Lehning, M. , Carenzo, M. , Anderson, B. , and Mackintosh, A. , 2013: Sensitivity of turbulent fluxes to wind speed over snow surfaces in different climatic settings. Advances in Water Resources , 55: 178–189.
  • Defant, F. , 1951: Local winds compendium of meteorology. American Meteorological Society , 655–672.
  • Dyurgerov, M. D. , and Meier, M. F. , 2005: Glaciers and the Changing Earth System: A 2004 Snapshot. Boulder, Colorado: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Occasional Paper 58, 117 pp.
  • Favier, V. , Wagnon, P. , Chazarin, J. P. , Maisincho, L. , and Coudrain, A. , 2004: One-year measurements of surface heat budget on the ablation zone of Antizana Glacier 15, Ecuadorian Andes. Journal of Geophysical Research , 109: D18105, doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004359 .
  • Fountain, A. G. , Lewis, K. J. , and Doran, P. T. , 1999: Spatial climatic variation and its control on glacier equilibrium line altitude in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Global and Planetary Change , 22: 1–10.
  • Gao, D. , 1980: Report on Scientific Expedition to Mt. Qomolangma Area (1975)—Meteorology and Environment. Beijing: Science Press ( in Chinese).
  • Gascoin, S. , Lhermitte, S. , Kinnard, C. , Bortels, K. , and Liston, G. E. , 2013: Wind effects on snow cover in Pascua-Lama, Dry Andes of Chile. Advances in Water Resources , 55: 25–39.
  • Greuell, W. , and Knap, W. H. , 1997: Elevational changes in meteorological variables along a midlatitude glacier during summer. Journal of Geophysical Research , 102(D22): 25941–25954.
  • Greuell, W. , and Smeets, P. , 2001: Variations with elevation in the surface energy on the Pasterze (Austria). Journal of Geophysical Research , 106(D23): 31717–31727.
  • Harper, J. T. , and Humphrey, N. F. , 2003: High altitude Himalayan climate inferred from glacial ice flux. Geophysical Research Letters , 30(14): 1764, doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017329 .
  • Kang, S. , Mayewski, P. A. , Qin, D. , Yan, Y. , Zhang, D. , Hou, S. , and Ren, J. , 2002: Twentieth century increase of atmospheric ammonia recorded in Mt. Everest ice core. Journal of Geophysical Research , 107(D21): 4595. doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001413 .
  • Liston, G. , and Sturm, M. , 1998: A snow-transport model for complex terrain. Journal of Glaciology , 44: 498–516.
  • Ming, J. , Zhang, D. , Kang, S. , and Tian, W. , 2007: Aerosol and fresh snow chemistry in the East Rongbuk Glacier on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma (Everest). Journal of Geophysical Research , 112: D15307, doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008618 .
  • Moore, G. W. K. , 2004: Mount Everest snow plume: a case study. Geophysical Research Letters , 31: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021046 .
  • Oerlemans, J. , and Grisogono, B. , 2002: Glacier winds and parameterization of the related surface heat fluxes. Tellus , 54A: 440–452.
  • Oerlemans, J. , and Vugts, H. F. , 1993: A meteorological experiment in the melting zone of the Greenland ice sheet. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 74(3): 355–365.
  • Ohata, T. , 1989: Katabatic wind on melting snow and ice surfaces (I): stationary glacier wind on a large maritime glacier. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan , 67(1): 99–111.
  • Parish, T. R. , and Bromwich, D. H. , 1989: Instrumented aircraft observations of the katabatic wind regime near Terra Nova Bay. Monthly Weather Review , 117: 1570–1585.
  • Parish, T. R. , and Bromwich, D. H. , 1997: A case study of Antarctic katabatic wind interaction with large-scale forcing. Monthly Weather Review , 126: 199–209.
  • Parish, T. R. , Kenneth, T. , and Waight, I. , 1987: The forcing of Antarctic katabatic winds. Monthly Weather Review , 115: 2214–2226.
  • Qin, D. , 1999: Map of Glacier Resources in the Himalayas. Beijing: Science Press.
  • Rampanelli, G. , Zardi, D. , and Rotunno, R. , 2004: Mechanisms of up-valley winds. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , 61: 3097– 3111.
  • Reijmer, C. H. , and Oerlemans, J. , 2002: Temporal and spatial variability of the surface energy balance in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research , 107(D24): doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000110 .
  • Ren, J. , Qin, D. , Kang, S. , Hou, S. , Pu, J. , and Jing, Z. , 2004: Glacier variations and climate warming and drying in the central Himalayas. China Science Bulletin , 49: 65–69.
  • Schneider, C. , 1999: Energy balance estimates during the summer season of glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula. Global and Planetary Change , 22: 117–130.
  • Sicart, J. E. , and Wagnon, P. , 2005: Atmospheric controls of the heat balance of Zongo Glacier (16°S, Bolivia). Journal of Geophysical Research , 110: D12106, doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005732 .
  • Somervell, T. H. , and Whipple, F. J. W. , 1926: The meteorological results of the Mount Everest expedition. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , 52: 131–144.
  • Song, Y. , Zhu, T. , Cai, X. , Lin, W. , and Kang, L. , 2007: Glacier winds in the Rongbuk Valley, north of Mount Everest: 1. Meteorological modeling with remote sensing data. Journal of Geophysical Research. 112: D11101. doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007867 .
  • Strasser, U. , Corripio, J. , Pellicciotti, F. , Burlando, P. , Brock, B. , and Funk, M. , 2004: Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut Glacier d'Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: measurements and simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research , 109: D03103. doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003973 .
  • van den Broeke, M. R. , 1997: Momentum, heat, and moisture budgets of the katabatic wind layer over a midlatitude glacier in summer. Journal of Applied Meteorology , 36: 763–774.
  • van den Broeke, M. R. , and Bintanja, R. , 1995: The interaction of katabatic wind and blue ice area formation in East-Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology , 41: 395–407.
  • van den Broeke, M. R. , and van de Wal, R. S. W. , 1997: Representation of Antarctic katabatic winds in a high-resolution GCM and a note on their climate sensitivity. Journal of Climate , 10: 3111–3130.
  • van den Broeke, M. R. , Duynkerke, P. G. , and Oerlemnas, J. , 1994: The observed katabatic flow at the edge of the Greenland ice sheet during GIMEX-91. Global and Planetary Change , 9: 3–15.
  • Vergeiner, I. , and Dreiseitl, E. , 1987: Valley winds and slope winds—observations and elementary thoughts. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics , 36: 264–286.
  • Wagnon, P. , Sicart, J. E. , Berthier, E. , and Chazarin J. P. , 2003: Wintertime high-latitude surface energy balance of a Bolivian glacier, Illimani, 6340 m above sea level. Journal of Geophysical Research , 108(D6): doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002008 .
  • Whiteman, C. D. , 2000: Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications. New York: Oxford University Press. 171–202.
  • Xie, Z. , 1975: The Scientific Investigation Report on Mt. Qomolangma Region (1966–1968)—Modern Glaciers and Sphysiognomy. Beijing: Scientific Press ( in Chinese).
  • Yang, X. G. , Zhang, T. J. , Qin, D. , Kang, S. , and Qin, X. , 2011: Characteristics and Changes in Air Temperature and Glacier's Response on the North Slope of Mt. Qomolangma (Mt. Everest). Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research , 43: 147–160.
  • Ye, D. , and Gao, Y. , 1979: Meteorology of the Tibetan Plateau. Beijing: Science Press ( in Chinese).
  • Zängl, G. , Egger, J. , and Wirth, V. , 2001: Diurnal winds in the Himalayan Kali Gandaki valley, part II: modeling. Monthly Weather Review , 129(7): 1062–1080.
  • Zhong, S. , and Whiteman, C. D. , 2008: Downslope flows on a low-angle slope and their interactions with valley inversions. Part II: numerical modeling. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology , 47: 2039–2057.
  • Zhu, T. , Lin, W. L. , and Song, Y. , Cai, X. , Zou, H. , Kang, L. , Zhou, L. , and Akimoto, H. , 2006: Downward transport of ozone-rich air near Mt. Everest. Geophysical Research Letters , 33: L23809. doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027726 .
  • Zou, H. , Li, Z. , Shu, M. , Li, P. , Wang, W. , Li, A. , Jia, J. , and Gao, D. , 2008: Local wind system in the Rongbuk Valley on the northern slope of Mt. Everest. Geophysical Research Letters , 35: L13813, doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033466 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.