Cranial osteology of Hypsognathus fenneri, a latest Triassic procolophonid reptile from the Newark Supergroup of eastern North America

LITERATURE CITED

• Baird , D. 1986 . Some Upper Triassic reptiles, footprints, and an amphibian from New Jersey . The Mosasaur , 3 : 125 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Broili , F. and Schröder. , J. 1936 . Beobachtungen an Wirbeltieren der Karrooformati on. XXI. Über Procolophon Owen. Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften . Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung , 1936 : 239 – 256 .
   Google Scholar
• Bubenik , A. B. 1971 . Geweihe und ihre biologische Funktion . Naturwissenschaft und Medizin (Boehringer Mannheim GmbH) , 8 : 33 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Carroll , R. L. and Lindsay , W. 1985 . Cranial anatomy of the primitive reptile Procolophon . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , 22 : 1571 – 1587 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colbert , E. H. 1946 . Hypsognathus, a Triassic reptile from New Jersey . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 86 : 225 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colbert , E. H. and Kitching , J. W. 1975 . The Triassic reptile Procolophon in Antarctica . American Museum Novitates , 2566 : 1 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Ditmars , R. L. 1936 . The Reptiles of North America 476 Garden City, New York : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Fraser , N. C. 1986 . Terrestrial vertebrates at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in south west Britain . Modern Geology , 10 : 147 – 157 .
   Google Scholar
• Gilmore , C. W. 1928 . A new fossil reptile from the Triassic of New Jersey . Proceedings of the United States National Museum , 73 ( 7 ) : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Gow , C. E. 1977 . Tooth function and succession in the Triassic reptile Procolophon trigoniceps . Palaeontology , 20 : 695 – 704 .
   Google Scholar
• Griggs , E. A. Jr. 1973 . The origin of Hypsognathus in the Triassic sediments of Connecticut. Senior Paper 5 Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University .
   Google Scholar
• Groenewald , G. H. 1991 . Burrow casts from the Lystrosaurus-Procolophon Assemblage-zone . Koedoe , 34 : 13 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Heaton , M. J. 1979 . Cranial anatomy of primitive captorhinid reptiles from the Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian, Oklahoma and Texas. Oklahoma Geological Survey . Bulletin , 127 : 1 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Huene , F. von. 1912 . Die Cotylosaurier der Trias . Palaeontographica , 59 : 69 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Huene , F. von. 1920 . Ein Telerpeton mit gut erhaltenem Schädel. Centralblatt für Mineralogie . Geologie und Paläontologie , 1920 : 189 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• Ivakhnenko , M. F. 1973 . Stroyeniye cherepa rannetriasovogo prokolofona Tichvinskia vjatkensis . Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal , 1973 ( 4 ) : 74 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Ivakhnenko , M. F. 1979 . Permskiye I triasoyye prokolofony Russkoy platformy . Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademiya Nauk SSSR , 164 : 1 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Kemp , T. S. 1974 . The braincase and associated structures of the cotylosaur reptile Procolophon trigoniceps . Annals of the South African Museum , 64 : 11 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Laurin , M. and Reisz , R. R. 1995 . A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 113 : 165 – 223 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , M. S. Y. 1995 . Historical burden in systematics and the interrelationships of ‘parareptiles’ . Biological Reviews , 70 : 459 – 547 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , M. S. Y. 1997 . Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 120 : 197 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , J. 1989 . [A new genus of Procolophonidae from the Lower Triassic of Shaanxi . China.] Vertebrata PalAsiatica , 27 : 248 – 267 . [Chinese with English summary]
   Google Scholar
• Lucas , S. G. 1998 . Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology . Palaeoecology , 143 : 347 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen , P. E. 1980 . “ A comparison of the vertebrate assemblages from the Newark and Hartford basins (early Mesozoic, Newark Supergroup) of eastern North America. ” . In Aspects of Vertebrate History Edited by: Jacobs , L. L. 35 – 53 . Flagstaff : Museum of Northern Arizona Press .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , P. E. and Kent , D. V. “ High-resolution early Mesozoic Pangean climatic transect in lacustrine environments ” . In The Epicontinental Triassic Edited by: Bachmann , G. Amsterdam : Elsevier . in press
   Google Scholar
• Olson , E. C. 1947 . The family Diadectidae and its bearing on the classification of reptiles. Fieldiana . Geology , 11 : 1 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom , J. H. 1967 . [News of the Museum-Vertebrate Paleontology.] Discovery, Peabody Museum of Natural History . Yale University , 3 ( 1 ) : 59
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom , J. H. 1969 . [No title.] Discovery, Peabody Museum of Natural History . Yale University , 4 ( 2 ) : 127
   Google Scholar
• Owen , R. 1876 . Descriptive and Illustrative Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of South Africa in the Collection of the British Museum 88 London : Trustees of the British Museum .
   Google Scholar
• Seeley , H. G. 1888 . Researches on the structure, organisation, and classification of the fossil Reptilia. VI. On the anomodont Reptilia and their allies . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , 44 : 381 – 383 .
   Google Scholar
• Small , B. J. 1997 . A new procolophonid from the Upper Triassic of Texas, with a description of tooth replacement and implantation . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 17 : 674 – 678 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer , P. S. 1994 . The early interrelationships and morphology of Amniota 275 Ph.D. dissertation, University of Bristol
   Google Scholar
• Spencer , P. S. “ The braincase structure of Leptopleuron lacertinum Owen (Sauropsida: Procolophonidae) ” . In Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology in press
   Google Scholar
• Sues , H.-D. and Baird , D. 1998 . Procolophonidae (Amniota: Parareptilia) from the Upper Triassic Wolfville Formation of Nova Scotia, Canada . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 18 : 525 – 532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sues , H.-D. , Baird. , D. and Olsen , P. E. 1993 . Redescription of Sphodrosaurus pennsylvanicus Colbert, 1960 (Reptilia) and a reassessment of its affinities . Annals of the Carnegie Museum , 62 : 245 – 253 .
   Google Scholar
• Sues , H.-D. and Olsen , P. E. 1993 . A new procolophonid and a new tetrapod of uncertain, possibly procolophonian affinities from the Upper Triassic of Virginia . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 13 : 282 – 286 .
   Google Scholar
• Watson , D. M. S. 1914 . Procolophon trigoniceps, a cotylosaurian reptile from South Africa . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 1914 : 735 – 747 .
   Google Scholar