Titanocetus, a new baleen whale from the middle Miocene of northern Italy (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti)

LITERATURE CITED

• Barnes , L. G. 1984 . “ Whales, dolphins and porpoises: origin and evolution of the Cetacea; ” . In Mammals. Notes for a Short Course. University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Studies in Geology 8 Edited by: Gingerich , P. D. and Badgley , C. E. 139 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , L. G. , Domning , D. P. and Ray , C. E. 1985 . Status of studies on fossil marine mammals . Marine Mammal Science , 1 : 15 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes , L. G. , Kimura , M. , Furusawa , H. and Sawamura , H. 1995 . Classification and distribution of Oligocene Aetiocetidae (Mammalia; Cetacea; Mysticeti) from western North America and Japan . The Island Arc , 3 : 392 – 431 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , L. G. and McLeod , S. A. 1985 . “ The fossil record and phyletic relationships of gray whales; ” . In The Gray Whale Edited by: Jones , M. L. , Swartz , S. L. and Leatherwood , S. 3 – 32 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bisconti , M. 2000 . New description, character analysis and preliminary phyletic assessment of two Balaenidae skulls from the Italian Pliocene . Palaeontographia Italica , 87 : 37 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Bisconti , M. 2003 . “ Systematics, paleoecology, and paleobiogeography of archaic mysticetes from the Italian Neogene. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italia ” . 346
   Google Scholar
• Bisconti , M. and Varola , A. 2000 . Functional hypothesis on an unusual mysticete dentary with double coronoid process from the Miocene of Apulia and its systematic and behavioural implications . Palaeontographia Italica , 87 : 19 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Brandt , J. F. 1873 . Untersuchungen uber die fossilen und subfossilen Cetaceen Europas. Mémoires de l'Académie impériale des Sciences, St. Petersburg . series 7 , 20 : 1 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Brisson , A. D. 1762 . Regnum animale in classes IX Distributum, sive synopsis methodica Theodorum Haak , Leiden : Lugdum Batarorum, apud. .
   Google Scholar
• Cabrera , A. 1926 . Cetáceos fósiles del Museo de La Plata . Revista del Museo de La Plata , 29 : 363 – 411 .
   Google Scholar
• Capellini , G. 1899 . Balenottere mioceniche di San Michele presso Cagliari . Memorie della Regia Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna , 5 : 661 – 679 .
   Google Scholar
• Capellini , G. 1900 . Balenottera miocenica della Repubblica di San Marino . Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei , 5 : 233 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Capellini , G. 1901 . Balenottera miocenica del Monte Titano Repubblica di S. Marino . Memorie della Regia Accademia delle Scienze all'Istituto di Bologna , 5 : 237 – 260 .
   Google Scholar
• Caretto , P. G. 1970 . La balenottera delle sabbie plioceniche di Valmontasca (Vigliano d'Asti) . Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana , 9 : 3 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Cummings , W. C. 1985 . “ Bryde's Whale—Balaenoptera edeni Anderson, 1878; ” . In Handbook of Marine Mammals, 3. The Sirenians and Baleen Whales Edited by: Ridgway , S. H. and Harrison , R. J. 137 – 154 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Flower , W. H. 1864 . Notes on the skeletons of whales in the principal museums of Holland and Belgium, with descriptions of two species apparently new to science . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 1864 : 384 – 420 .
   Google Scholar
• Fordyce , R. E. and Barnes , L. G. 1994 . The evolutionary history of whales and dolphins . Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science , 22 : 419 – 455 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fordyce , R. E. and De Muizon , C. 1999 . “ Evolutionary history of cetaceans: a review; ” . In Secondary Adaptation of Tetrapods to Life in Water Edited by: Mazin , J.-M. and De Buffrenil , V. 169 – 233 . München , , Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil .
   Google Scholar
• Fraser , F. C. and Purves , P. E. 1960 . Hearing in cetaceans. Evolution of the accessory air sacs and the structure and function of the outer and middle ear in Recent cetaceans. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) . Zoology , 7 : 1 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Gambell , R. 1985a . “ Sei whale—Balaenoptera borealis; ” . In Handbook of Marine Mammals, 3. The Sirenians and Baleen Whales Edited by: Ridgway , S. H. and Harrison , R. J. 155 – 170 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gambell , R. 1985b . “ Fin whale—Balaenoptera physalus; ” . In Handbook of Marine Mammals, 3. The Sirenians and Baleen Whales Edited by: Ridgway , S. H. and Harrison , R. J. 171 – 192 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Geisler , J. H. and Luo , Z. 1996 . The petrosal and inner ear of Herpetocetus sp. (Mammalia: Cetacea) and their implications for the phylogeny and hearing of archaic mysticetes . Journal of Paleontology , 70 : 1045 – 1066 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1925 . Additions to the Tertiary history of pelagic mammals on the Pacific coast of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington . Contributions to Palaeontology , 348 : 1 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1928 . The history of whales—their adaptation to life in the water . The Quarterly Review of Biology , 3 : 29 – 76 . 174–208
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1931 . Pelagic mammals from the Temblor Formation of the Kern River Region, California . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences , 19 : 217 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1934a . A new cetothere from the Miocene Astoria Formation of Newport, Oregon. Carnegie Institution of Washington . Contributions to Paleontology , 447 : 3 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1934b . The Patagonian fossil whalebone whale Cetotherium moreni (Lydekker). Carnegie Institution of Washington . Contributions to Paleontology , 447 : 65 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1934c . A new cetothere from the Modelo formation at Los Angeles, California. Carnegie Institution of Washington . Contributions to Paleontology , 447 : 85 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1936 . A review of Archaeoceti . Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication , 482 : 1 – 366 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1965 . A new whalebone whale from the Miocene Calvert Formation . United States National Museum Bulletin , 247 : 1 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1968a . Miocene Calvert mysticetes described by Cope . United States National Museum Bulletin , 247 : 103 – 132 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1968b . A hitherto unrecognized Calvert cetothere . United States National Museum Bulletin , 247 : 133 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1968c . A sharp-nosed cetothere from the Miocene Calvert . United States National Museum Bulletin , 247 : 163 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1968d . Supplement to description of Parietobalaena palmeri . United States National Museum Bulletin , 247 : 175 – 197 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg , R. 1969 . Cetothere skeletons from the Miocene Choptank Formation of Maryland and Virginia . United States National Museum Bulletin , 294 : 1 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Kimura , T. and Ozawa , T. 2002 . A new cetothere (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Early Miocene of Japan . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 22 : 684 – 702 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linnaeus , C. 1758 . Systema Naturae 824 Holmiae (= Stockholm) , , Sweden : L. Salvii .
   Google Scholar
• Marples , B. J. 1956 . Cetotheres (Cetacea) from the Oligocene of New Zealand . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 126 : 558 – 564 .
   Google Scholar
• Mchedlidze , G. A. 1984 . General features of the paleobiological evolution of Cetacea 136 Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• McLeod , S. A. , Whitmore , F. C. Jr. and Barnes , L. G. 1993 . “ Evolutionary relationships and classification; ” . In The Bowhead Whale. Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication No 2 Edited by: Burns , J. , Montague , J. J. and Cowles , C. J. 45 – 70 . Kansas : Lawrence .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , Jr. G. S. 1923 . The telescoping of the cetacean skull . Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections , 76 : 1 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Okazaki , Y. 1995 . A new type of primitive baleen whale (Cetacea; Mysticeti) from Kyushu, Japan . The Island Arc , 3 : 432 – 435 .
   Google Scholar
• Oishi , M. 1994 . [Cervical vertebrae of a fossil balaenopterid whale from the lower Pliocene strata in Ichinoseki City, Iwate Prefecture . Northeast Japan.] Monograph of the Association of Geological Collaborators Japan , 43 : 111 – 122 . [Japanese with English abstract]
   Google Scholar
• Oishi , M. , Ono , K. , Kawakami , T. , Sato , J. , Nokariya , H. and Hasegawa , Y. 1985 . [Pliocene baleen whales and bony-toothed bird from Iwate Prefecture . Japan (Parts I-VI).] Bulletin of the Iwate Prefectural Museum , 3 : 143 – 162 . [Japanese with English abstract]
   Google Scholar
• Omura , H. 1975 . Osteological study of the Minke Whale from the Antarctic. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute . Tokyo , 27 : 1 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Pilleri , G. 1986 . The Oligo-Miocene Cetacea of the Italian Waters with a Bibliography of the Fossil Cetacea of Italy (1670–1986) 81 Ostermundigen : Brain Anatomy Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Rothausen , K. 1971 . Cetotheriopsis tobieni n. sp., der erste paläogene Bartenwal (Cetotheriidae, Mysticeti, Mamm.) nördlich des Tethysraumes . Abhandlungen des Hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung , 60 : 131 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanders , A. E. and Barnes , L. G. 2002a . Paleontology of the Late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge Formations of South Carolina, 2: Micromysticetus rothauseni, a primitive cetotheriid mysticete (Mammalia: Cetacea) . Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology , 97 : 271 – 293 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanders , A. E. and Barnes , L. G. 2002b . Paleontology of the Late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge Formations of South Carolina, 3: Eomysticetidae, a new family of primitive mysticetes (Mammalia: Cetacea) . Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology , 97 : 313 – 356 .
   Google Scholar
• Schaller , O. 1999 . Nomenclatura Anatomica Veterinaria Illustrata 637 Roma : Antonio Delfino Editore .
   Google Scholar
• Signorini , R. 1946 . Il lembo di ricoprimento del monte Fumaiolo nell'Appennino romagnolo. Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Atti . Classe di Scienze , 8 : 853 – 859 .
   Google Scholar
• Stromer , E. 1908 . Die Archaeoceti des Äegyptischen Eozäns . Beiträge zur Paläontologie und Geologie Österreich-Ungarns und des Orients , 21 : 106 – 177 .
   Google Scholar
• Tomilin , A. G. 1967 . “ Cetacea; ” . In Mammals of the USSR and Adjacent Countries Edited by: Heptner , V. G. 1 – 717 . Jerusalem : Israel Program for Scientific Translations .
   Google Scholar
• True , F. W. 1904 . The whalebone whales of the western North Atlantic . Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge , 33 : 1 – 322 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Beneden , P.-J. 1862 . La côte d'Ostende et les fouilles d'Anvers . Bulletin de l'Académie royale des Sciences de Belgique , 12 : 453 – 483 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Beneden , P.-J. 1865 . Recherches sur les ossements provenant du Crag d'Anvers. Les Squalodons . Mémoires de l'Académie royale des Sciences de Belgique , 35 : 1 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Beneden , P.-J. 1875 . Les ossements fossiles du genre Aulocète au musée de Linz . Bulletin de l'Academie Royal de Belgique , 2 : 536 – 549 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Beneden , P.-J. 1880 . Les mysticètes a courts fanons des sables des environs d'Anvers. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale des Sciences . des Lettres et des Beaux-arts de Belgique , 50 : 11 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Beneden , P.-J. 1882 . Une baleine fossile de Croatie . Mémoires de l'Académie Royale de Belgique , 45 : 3 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Beneden , P.-J. 1886 . Description des ossements fossiles des environs d'Anvers. Genres: Amphicetus, Heterocetus, Mesocetus, Idiocetus & Isocetus . Annales du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique , 13 ( 5 ) : 1 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Von Meyer , H. 1849 . [Untitled]. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie . und Paläontologie , 1849 : 547 – 550 .
   Google Scholar
• Wolman , A. A. 1985 . “ Gray whale—Eschrichtius robustus; ” . In Handbook of marine mammals, 3. The Sirenians and Baleen Whales Edited by: Ridgway , S. H. and Harrison , R. J. 67 – 90 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yochem , P. and Leatherwood , S. 1985 . “ Blue Whale—Balaenoptera musculus; ” . In Handbook of Marine Mammals, 3. The Sirenians and Baleen Whales Edited by: Ridgway , S. M. and Harrison , R. 193 – 240 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida , K. , Kimura , T. and Hasegawa , Y. 2003 . [New cetothere (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Miocene Chichibumachi Group, Japan.] Bulletin of the Saitama Museum of Natural History 20–21:1–10. [Japanese with English abstract]
   Google Scholar