References
- HayashiK , OhtaH , KurimotoKet al.Reconstitution of the mouse germ cell specification pathway in culture by pluripotent stem cells. Cell146(6), 519–532 (2011).
- HayashiK , OgushiS , KurimotoKet al.Offspring from oocytes derived from in vitro primordial germ cell-like cells in mice. Science338(6109), 971–975 (2012).
- IrieN , WeinbergerL , TangWWet al.SOX17 is a critical specifier of human primordial germ cell fate. Cell160(1–2), 253–268 (2015).
- SasakiK , YokobayashiS , NakamuraTet al.Robust in vitro induction of human germ cell fate from pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell17(2), 178–194 (2015).
- YamashiroC , SasakiK , YabutaYet al.Generation of human oogonia from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Science362(6412), 356–360 (2018).
- MathewsDJ , DonovanPJ , HarrisJet al.Pluripotent stem cell-derived gametes: truth and (potential) consequences. Cell Stem Cell5(1), 11–14 (2009).
- BredenoordAL , HyunI. Ethics of stem cell-derived gametes made in a dish: fertility for everyone?EMBO Mol. Med.9(4), 396–398 (2017).
- TestaG , HarrisJ. Ethical aspects of ES cell-derived gametes. Science305(5691), 1719 (2004).
- TestaG , HarrisJ. Ethics and synthetic gametes. Bioethics19(2), 146–166 (2005).
- SmadjorA , CutasD. Artificial gametes. Nuffield Council on Bioethics: Background Paper (2015). https://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/wp-content/uploads/Background-paper-2016-Artificial-gametes.pdf
- SegersS , MertesH , de WertGet al.Balancing ethical pros and cons of stem cell derived gametes. Ann. Biomed. Eng.45(7), 1620–1632 (2017).
- CohenIG , DaleyGQ , AdashiEY. Disruptive reproductive technologies. Sci. Transl. Med.9(372), 1–3 (2017).
- SparrowR. In vitro eugenics. J. Med. Ethics40(11), 725–731 (2014).
- BourneH , DouglasT , SavulescuJ. Procreative beneficence and in vitro gametogenesis. Monash Bioeth. Rev.30(2), 29–48 (2012).
- Ministry of Education Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Guidelines on research into producing germ cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells or human tissue stem cells (in Japanese) (2010) revised in 2015. https://www.lifescience.mext.go.jp/files/pdf/n1492_01r2.pdf
- Cabinet Office. The interim report of issues regarding fertilization of human germ cells from pluripotent stem cells (in Japanese) (2015). https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/tyousakai/life/chukanmatome_150909.pdf
- MizunoH. Recommended ethical safeguards on fertilization of human germ cells derived from pluripotent stem cells solely for research purposes. Stem Cell Rev. Rep.12(4), 377–384 (2016).
- Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare (MHLW). Ethical guidelines of the production and use of human fertilized embryos for the research on assisted reproductive technology (in Japanese) (2010). https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-12600000-Seisakutoukatsukan/0000168766.pdf
- IshiiT , PeraRA , GreelyHT. Ethical and legal issues arising in research on inducing human germ cells from pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell13(2), 145–148 (2013).
- National Institutes of Health (NIH). Guidelines for human stem cell research (2009). https://stemcells.nih.gov/policy/2009-guidelines.htm
- JasanoffS. Technologies of humility: citizen participation in governing science. Minerva.41, 223–244 (2003).
- IshiiT , SaitouM. Promoting In Vitro gametogenesis research with a social understanding. Trends Mol. Med.23(11), 985–988 (2017).
- SueVM , RitterLA. Conducting the surveys. In: Conducting Online Surveys.SueVM, RitterLA ( Eds). SAGE Publications, Inc., CA, USA, 88–98 (2007).
- The Bureau of Statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. The Japan Population Estimates 2015 (2015). https://www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/2014np/index.html
- AkatsukaK , HattaT , SawaiT , FujitaM. Public attitudes in Japan toward the reproductive use of gametes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Future Science OA (2021) ( Epub ahead of print).
- CohenJ. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Science. (2nd Edition) Routledge, NY, USA, 413 (1998).
- O'BrienR. A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Qual. Quant.41(5), 673–690 (2007).
- BelsleyDA , KuhE , WelschRE. Detecting and assessing collinearity. In: Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity.BelsleyDA, KuhE, WelschRE ( Eds). John Wiley & Sons, NY, USA85–191 (1980).
- Gómez-LoboA. Does respect for embryos entail respect for gametes?Theor. Med. Bioeth.25(3), 199–208 (2004).
- SawaiT , HattaT , FujitaM. Public attitudes in Japan towards human-animal chimeric embryo research using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Regen. Med.12(3), 233–248 (2017).
- Wilkinson D, Herring J, Savulescu J. Reasoning about ethics.Medical Ethics and Law: A curriculum for the 21st Century.(3rd Edition)ElsevierOxford, UK (2019).
- DevolderK, Creating and sacrificing embryos for stem cells.J. Med. Ethics31(6), 366–370 (2005).
- DevolderK. Introduction:The ethics of embryonic stem cell research The Ethics of Embryonic Stem Cell Research.Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (2015).
- LippmanA , NewmanSA. The ethics of deriving gametes from ES cells. Science307(5709), 515–517 (2005).
- WattH. Ancestor embryos: embryonic gametes and genetic parenthood. J. Med. Ethics40(11), 759–761 (2014).
- Council for Science, Technology and Policy (CSTP). Basic ideas on the handling of human embryos (in Japanese) (2004). https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/tyousakai/life/haihu39/siryo5-1-1.pdf
- HudsonK , FadenR , ScottJ. Values in conflict: public attitudes on embryonic stem cell research (2005). https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/bitstream/handle/1774.2/965/2005ValuesInConflict.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- HendriksS , HesselM , MochtarMHet al.Couples with non-obstructive azoospermia are interested in future treatments with artificial gametes. Hum. Reprod.31(8), 1738–1748 (2016).
- RegaladoA. EXCLUSIVE: Chinese scientists are creating CRISPR babies. MIT’s Technol. Rev. (2018) .https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/11/25/138962/exclusive-chinese-scientists-are-creating-crispr-babies
- International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR). The science and ethics of generating gametes from stem cells (Fucus session presented by the ISSCR Ethics Committee) (2021). https://www.isscr.org/docs/default-source/2021-annual-meeting/ethics-focus-session_1-pager.pdf?sfvrsn=6ae75eb1_2