1,503
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression among Medical Students at Makerere University, Uganda

ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 853-860 | Published online: 12 Nov 2020

References

  • World Health Organization. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Division of Mental Health; 2017.
  • Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1545–1602.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder: DSM-5. 5th ed. APA; 2013.
  • National Institute of Mental Health. Depression Basics. Bethesda; 2016.
  • Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, et al. Prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;316(21):2214–2236. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.17324
  • Puthran R, Zhang MW, Tam WW, Ho RC. Prevalence of depression amongst medical students: a meta-analysis. Med Educ. 2016;50(4):456–468. doi:10.1111/medu.12962
  • Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Shanafelt TD. Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and canadian medical students. Acad Med. 2006;81(4):354–373. doi:10.1097/00001888-200604000-00009
  • Hope V, Henderson M. Medical student depression, anxiety and distress outside North America: a systematic review. Med Educ. 2014;48(10):963–979. doi:10.1111/medu.12512
  • Inam SB. Anxiety and depression among students of a medical college in Saudi Arabia. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2007;1(2):295–300.
  • Dyrbye LN, Harper W, Durning SJ, et al. Patterns of distress in US medical students. Med Teach. 2011;33(10):834–839. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2010.531158
  • Ngasa SN, Sama CB, Dzekem BS, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with depression among medical students in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):216. doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1382-3
  • Alem A, Araya M, Melaku Z, Wendimagegn D, Abdulahi A. Mental distress in medical students of Addis Ababa University. Ethiop Med J. 2005;43(3):159–166.
  • van Zyl PM, Joubert G, Bowen E, et al. Depression, anxiety, stress and substance use in medical students in a 5-year curriculum. Afr J Health Prof Educ. 2017;9(2):67–72.
  • Asante KO, Andoh-Arthur J. Prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among university students in Ghana. J Affect Disord. 2015;171:161–166. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.025
  • Aniebue PN, Onyema GO. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Nigerian medical undergraduates. Trop Doct. 2008;38(3):157–158. doi:10.1258/td.2007.070202
  • Basnet B, Jaiswal M, Adhikari B, Shyangwa PM. Depression among undergraduate medical students. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2012;10(39):56–59. doi:10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8021
  • Othieno CJ, Okoth RO, Peltzer K, Pengpid S, Malla LO. Depression among university students in Kenya: prevalence and sociodemographic correlates. J Affect Disord. 2014;165:120–125. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.070
  • Mohamed EAA, Ahmed BGME, Abdelgadir EBA. Prevalence of depression among Medical Students in Sudan International University in May 2017–August 2017. J Nurs Healthcare. 2018;3:4.
  • Ovuga E, Boardman J, Wasserman D. Undergraduate student mental health at Makerere University, Uganda. World Psychiatry. 2006;5(1):51–52.
  • Amanya SB, Nakitende J, Ngabirano TD. A cross-sectional study of stress and its sources among health professional students at Makerere University, Uganda. Nurs Open. 2018;5(1):70–76. doi:10.1002/nop2.113
  • Kumar SG, Kattimani S, Sarkar S, Kar SS. Prevalence of depression and its relation to stress level among medical students in Puducherry, India. Ind Psychiatry J. 2017;26(1):86–90.
  • Kish L. Survey Sampling. 1965.
  • Dafaalla M, Farah A, Bashir S, et al. Depression, anxiety, and stress in sudanese medical students: a cross sectional study on role of quality of life and social support. Am J Educ Res. 2016;26:937–942.
  • Adewuya AO, Ola BA, Afolabi OO. Validity of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a screening tool for depression amongst Nigerian university students. J Affect Disord. 2006;96(1–2):89–93. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.05.021
  • Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–613.
  • Givens JL, Tjia J. Depressed medical students’ use of mental health services and barriers to use. Acad Med. 2002;77(9):918–921. doi:10.1097/00001888-200209000-00024
  • Valle R, Sánchez E, Perales A. Depressive symptomatology and alcohol-related problems during the academic training of medical students. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2013;30(1):54–57. doi:10.1590/S1726-46342013000100011
  • Voltmer E, Kötter T, Spahn C. Perceived medical school stress and the development of behavior and experience patterns in German medical students. Med Teach. 2012;34(10):840–847. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2012.706339
  • Gold JA, Hu X, Huang G, et al. Medical student depression and its correlates across three international medical schools. World j Psychiatry. 2019;9(4):65. doi:10.5498/wjp.v9.i4.65
  • Al-Faris EA, Irfan F, Van der Vleuten CP, et al. The prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms from an Arabian setting: a wake up call. Med Teach. 2012;34(Suppl 1):S32–36. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2012.656755
  • Bassols AM, Okabayashi LS, Silva AB, et al. First- and last-year medical students: is there a difference in the prevalence and intensity of anxiety and depressive symptoms? Braz J Psychiatry. 2014;36(3):233–240. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1183
  • Yang F, Meng H, Chen H, et al. Influencing factors of mental health of medical students in China. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol Med Sci. 2014;34(3):443–449. doi:10.1007/s11596-014-1298-9
  • Elkins C, Plante KP, Germain LJ, Morley CP. Burnout and depression in MS1 and MS3 years: a comparison of cohorts at one medical school. Fam Med. 2017;49(6):456–459.
  • Brenneisen Mayer F, Souza Santos I, Silveira PS, et al. Factors associated to depression and anxiety in medical students: a multicenter study. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16(1):282. doi:10.1186/s12909-016-0791-1
  • Youssef FF. Medical student stress, burnout and depression in Trinidad and Tobago. Acad Psychiatry. 2016;40(1):69–75. doi:10.1007/s40596-015-0468-9
  • Waqas A, Rehman A, Malik A, Muhammad U, Khan S, Mahmood N. Association of ego defense mechanisms with academic performance, anxiety and depression in medical students: a mixed methods study. Cureus. 2015;7(9):e337.
  • Moreira de Sousa J, Moreira CA, Telles-Correia D. Anxiety, depression and academic performance: a study amongst portuguese medical students versus non-medical students. Acta Med Port. 2018;31(9):454–462.
  • Mulyadi S, Rahardjo W, Basuki AMH. The role of parent-child relationship, self-esteem, academic self-efficacy to academic stress. Proc Soc Behav Sci. 2016;217:603–608. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.02.063
  • Pandey J, Singh M. Donning the mask: effects of emotional labour strategies on burnout and job satisfaction in community healthcare. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31(5):551–562. doi:10.1093/heapol/czv102
  • Michie F, Glachan M, Bray D. An evaluation of factors influencing the academic self-concept, self-esteem and academic stress for direct and re-entry students in higher education. Educ Psychol. 2001;21(4):455–472. doi:10.1080/01443410120090830
  • Pinzon-Amado A, Guerrero S, Moreno K, Landinez C, Pinzon J. [Suicide ideation among medical students: prevalence and associated factors]. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2013;43(Suppl 1):47–55.
  • Onyishi M, Talukdar D, Sanchez R, Olaleye AO, Medavarapu S. Prevalence of clinical depression among medical students and medical professionals: a systematic review study. Arch Med. 2016;8.
  • McKenzie SK, Collings S, Jenkin G, River J. Masculinity, social connectedness, and mental health: men’s diverse patterns of practice. Am J Mens Health. 2018;12(5):1247–1261. doi:10.1177/1557988318772732
  • Nakimuli-Mpungu E, Musisi S, Wamala K, et al. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of group support psychotherapy delivered by trained lay health workers for depression treatment among people with HIV in Uganda: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Global Health. 2020;8(3):. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30548-0