Managing breast cancer in younger women: challenges and solutions

References

• BleyerABarrRHayes-LattinBThe distinctive biology of cancer in adolescents and young adultsNat Rev Cancer20088428829818354417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HowladerNNooneAMKrapchoMSEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2012Bethesda, MDNational Cancer Institute2014 Based on November 2014 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2015. Available from: http://www.seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2012/Accessed November 12, 2015
   Google Scholar
• SmithRASaslowDSawyerKAAmerican Cancer Society guidelines for breast cancer screening: update 2003CA Cancer J Clin200353314116912809408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FancherTTPalestyJAPaszkowiakJJKiranRPMalkanADDudrickSJCan breast self-examination continue to be touted justifiably as an optional practice?Int J Surg Oncol2011201196546422312535
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WilkeLGBroadwaterGRabinerSBreast self-examination: defining a cohort still in needAm J Surg2009198457557919800471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AnYYKimSHKangBJParkCSJungNYKimJYBreast cancer in very young women (<30 years): correlation of imaging features with clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical subtypesEur J Radiol201584101894190226198117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoksuSSTastekinDArslanDClinicopathologic features and molecular subtypes of breast cancer in young women (age ≤35)Asian Pac J Cancer Prev201415166665666825169505
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CheckaCMChunJESchnabelFRLeeJTothHThe relationship of mammographic density and age: implications for breast cancer screeningAJR Am J Roentgenol20121983W292W29522358028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GilbertFJTuckerLGillanMGThe TOMMY trial: a comparison of TOMosynthesis with digital MammographY in the UK NHS Breast Screening Programme – a multicentre retrospective reading study comparing the diagnostic performance of digital breast tomosynthesis and digital mammography with digital mammography aloneHealth Technol Assess2015194ixxv113625599513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZabickiKColbertJADominguezFJBreast cancer diagnosis in women ≤40 versus 50 to 60 years: increasing size and stage disparity compared with older women over timeAnn Surg Oncol20061381072107716865599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PartridgeAHHughesMEOttesenRAThe effect of age on delay in diagnosis and stage of breast cancerOncologist201217677578222554997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PartridgeAHGelberSPiccart-GebhartMJEffect of age on breast cancer outcomes in women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer: results from a herceptin adjuvant trialJ Clin Oncol201331212692269823752109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NewellMSD’OrsiCMahoneyMCAmerican College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria^® Nonpalpable Mammographic Findings (Excluding Calcifications) [cited August 17, 2015] Available from: http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/AppCriteria/Diagnostic/NonpalpableMammographicFindings.pdfAccessed November 12, 2015
   Google Scholar
• HarveyJAMahoneyMCNewellMSAmerican College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria^® Palpable Breast Masses [cited August 17, 2015] Available from: http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/AppCriteria/Diagnostic/PalpableBreastMasses.pdfAccessed November 12, 2015
   Google Scholar
• ComstockCHD’OrsiCBassettLWAmerican College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria^® Breast Microcalcifications – Initial Diagnostic Workup [cited August 17, 2015] Available from: http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/AppCriteria/Diagnostic/BreastMicrocalcifications.pdfAccessed November 12, 2015
   Google Scholar
• DershawDDD’OrsiCMahoneyMCACR Practice Parameter for the Imaging Management of DCIS and Invasive Breast Carcinoma [cited August 17, 2015] Available from: http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/PGTS/guidelines/DCIS_Invasive_Breast_Carcinoma.pdfAccessed November 12, 2015
   Google Scholar
• Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast CancerFamilial breast cancer: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiological studies including 58,209 women with breast cancer and 101,986 women without the diseaseLancet200135892911389139911705483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiteGSJenkinsMASoutheyMCFamilial risks, early-onset breast cancer, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutationsJ Natl Cancer Inst200395644845712644538
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LichtensteinPHolmNVVerkasaloPKEnvironmental and heritable factors in the causation of cancer – analyses of cohorts of twins from Sweden, Denmark, and FinlandN Engl J Med20003432788510891514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetoJMackTMHigh constant incidence in twins and other relatives of women with breast cancerNat Genet200026441141411101836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MichailidouKHolmNVVerkasaloPKGenome-wide association analysis of more than 120,000 individuals identifies 15 new susceptibility loci for breast cancerNat Genet201547437338025751625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MichailidouKHallPGonzalez-NeiraALarge-scale genotyping identifies 41 new loci associated with breast cancer riskNat Genet2013454353361361.e1e223535729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LallooFVarleyJMoranABRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 mutations in very early-onset breast cancer with associated risks to relativesEur J Cancer20064281143115016644204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HafftyBGChoiDHGoyalSBreast cancer in young women (YBC): prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations and risk of secondary malignancies across diverse racial groupsAnn Oncol200920101653165919491284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetoJCollinsNBarfootRPrevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in patients with early-onset breast cancerJ Natl Cancer Inst1999911194394910359546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CouchFJHartSNSharmaPInherited mutations in 17 breast cancer susceptibility genes among a large triple-negative breast cancer cohort unselected for family history of breast cancerJ Clin Oncol201533430431125452441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaxwellKNWubbenhorstBD’AndreaKPrevalence of mutations in a panel of breast cancer susceptibility genes in BRCA1/2-negative patients with early-onset breast cancerGenet Med201517863063825503501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EastonDFPharoahPDAntoniouACGene-panel sequencing and the prediction of breast-cancer riskN Engl J Med2015372232243225726014596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CopsonEEcclesBMaishmanTProspective observational study of breast cancer treatment outcomes for UK women aged 18–40 years at diagnosis: the POSH studyJ Natl Cancer Inst20131051397898823723422
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KeeganTHDeRouenMCPressDJKurianAWClarkeCAOccurrence of breast cancer subtypes in adolescent and young adult womenBreast Cancer Res2012142R5522452927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AhnSHSonBHKimSWPoor outcome of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer at very young age is due to tamoxifen resistance: nationwide survival data in Korea – a report from the Korean Breast Cancer SocietyJ Clin Oncol200725172360236817515570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalkerRALeesEWebbMBDearingSJBreast carcinomas occurring in young women (<35 years) are differentBr J Cancer19967411179618008956795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-AnguloAMBroglioKKauSWWomen age ≤35 years with primary breast carcinoma: disease features at presentationCancer2005103122466247215852360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XiongQValeroVKauVFemale patients with breast carcinoma age 30 years and younger have a poor prognosis: the MD Anderson Cancer Center experienceCancer200192102523252811745185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SidoniACavaliereABellezzaGScheibelMBucciarelliEBreast cancer in young women: clinicopathological features and biological specificityBreast200312424725014659308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CollinsLCMarottiJDGelberSPathologic features and molecular phenotype by patient age in a large cohort of young women with breast cancerBreast Cancer Res Treat201213131061106622080245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GnerlichJLDeshpandeADJeffeDBSweetAWhiteNMargenthalerJAElevated breast cancer mortality in women younger than age 40 years compared with older women is attributed to poorer survival in early-stage diseaseJ Am Coll Surg2009208334134719317994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LehmannBDBauerJAChenXIdentification of human triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and preclinical models for selection of targeted therapiesJ Clin Invest201112172750276721633166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MillisSZGatalicaZWinklerJPredictive biomarker profiling of >6000 breast cancer patients shows heterogeneity in TNBC, with treatment implicationsClin Breast Cancer Epub2015428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TrainaTAMillerKYardleyDAResults from a phase 2 study of enzalutamide (ENZA), an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, in advanced AR+ triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)Paper presented at: American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual MeetingMay 29, 2015Chicago, IL
   Google Scholar
• LoiSSirtaineNPietteFPrognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a phase III randomized adjuvant breast cancer trial in node-positive breast cancer comparing the addition of docetaxel to doxorubicin with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy: BIG 02-98J Clin Oncol201331786086723341518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DenkertCvon MinckwitzGBraseJCTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without carboplatin in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive and triple-negative primary breast cancersJ Clin Oncol201533998399125534375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NandaRPlimackERDeesECA phase Ib multicohort study of MK-3475 in patients with advanced solid tumorsPaper presented at: American Society of Clinical OncologyMay 30, 2014Chicago, IL
   Google Scholar
• EmensLABraitehFSCassierPInhibition of PD-L1 by MPDL3280A leads to clinical activity in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)Paper presented at: American Association for Cancer ResearchApril 18–22, 2015Pennsylvania, PA
   Google Scholar
• AzimHAJrMichielsSBedardPLElucidating prognosis and biology of breast cancer arising in young women using gene expression profilingClin Cancer Res20121851341135122261811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndersCKHsuDSBroadwaterGYoung age at diagnosis correlates with worse prognosis and defines a subset of breast cancers with shared patterns of gene expressionJ Clin Oncol200826203324333018612148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AdemuyiwaFOGaoFHaoLUS breast cancer mortality trends in young women according to raceCancer201512191469147625483625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CareyLAPerouCMLivasyCARace, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer StudyJAMA2006295212492250216757721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BauerKRBrownMCressRDPariseCACaggianoVDescriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California cancer RegistryCancer200710991721172817387718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LundMJTriversKFPorterPLRace and triple negative threats to breast cancer survival: a population-based study in Atlanta, GABreast Cancer Res Treat2009113235737018324472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JohnsonRHChienFLBleyerAIncidence of breast cancer with distant involvement among women in the United States, 1976 to 2009JAMA2013309880080523443443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndersCKJohnsonRLittonJPhillipsMBleyerABreast cancer before age 40 yearsSemin Oncol200936323724919460581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FredholmHEakerSFrisellJHolmbergLFredrikssonILindmanHBreast cancer in young women: poor survival despite intensive treatmentPLoS One2009411e769519907646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NixonAJNeubergDHayesDFRelationship of patient age to pathologic features of the tumor and prognosis for patients with stage I or II breast cancerJ Clin Oncol19941258888948164038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FowbleBLSchultzDJOvermoyerBThe influence of young age on outcome in early stage breast cancerInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys199430123338083119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HanWKimSWParkIAYoung age: an independent risk factor for disease-free survival in women with operable breast cancerBMC Cancer200448215546499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HanWKangSYKorean Breast Cancer SoceityRelationship between age at diagnosis and outcome of premenopausal breast cancer: age less than 35 years is a reasonable cut-off for defining young age-onset breast cancerBreast Cancer Res Treat2010119119320019350387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SheridanWScottTCarolineSBreast cancer in young women: have the prognostic implications of breast cancer subtypes changed over time?Breast Cancer Res Treat2014147361762925209005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MahmoodUMorrisCNeunerGSimilar survival with breast conservation therapy or mastectomy in the management of young women with early-stage breast cancerInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys20128351387139322300561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KromanNHoltvegHWohlfahrtJEffect of breast-conserving therapy versus radical mastectomy on prognosis for young women with breast carcinomaCancer2004100468869314770422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KurianAWLichtensztajnDYKeeganTHNelsonDOClarkeCAGomezSLUse of and mortality after bilateral mastectomy compared with other surgical treatments for breast cancer in California, 1998–2011JAMA2014312990291425182099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PortschyPRKuntzKMTuttleTMSurvival outcomes after contralateral prophylactic mastectomy: a decision analysisJ Natl Cancer Inst20141068duj160
   Google Scholar
• MahmoodUHanlonALKoshyMIncreasing national mastectomy rates for the treatment of early stage breast cancerAnn Surg Oncol20132051436144323135312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DidierFRadiceDGandiniSDoes nipple preservation in mastectomy improve satisfaction with cosmetic results, psychological adjustment, body image and sexuality?Breast Cancer Res Treat2009118362363319003526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MetcalfeKACilTDSempleJLLong-term psychosocial functioning in women with bilateral prophylactic mastectomy: does preservation of the nipple-areolar complex make a difference?Ann Surg Oncol201522103324333026208581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FisherBAndersonSBryantJTwenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancerN Engl J Med2002347161233124112393820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative GroupDarbySMcGalePCorreaCEffect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trialsLancet201137898041707171622019144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NSABP Foundation IncRadiation therapy (WBI versus PBI) in treating women who have undergone surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ or stage I or stage II breast cancer [cited August 30, 2015] Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00103181. NLM identifier: NCT00103181Accessed November 12, 2015
   Google Scholar
• ShahCViciniFWazerDEArthurDPatelRRThe American Brachytherapy Society consensus statement for accelerated partial breast irradiationBrachytherapy201312426727723619524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The American Society of Breast Surgeons consensus statement for accelerated partial breast irradiation [cited August 30, 2015] Available from: https://www.breastsurgeons.org/statements/PDF_Statements/APBI.pdfAccessed November 12, 2015
   Google Scholar
• SmithBDArthurDWBuchholzTAAccelerated partial breast irradiation consensus statement from the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO)Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys2009744987100119545784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BartelinkHMaingonPPoortmansPWhole-breast irradiation with or without a boost for patients treated with breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer: 20-year follow-up of a randomised phase 3 trialLancet Oncol2015161475625500422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmithBDBentzenSMCorreaCRFractionation for whole breast irradiation: an American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based guidelineInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys2011811596820638191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OvergaardMJensenMBOvergaardJPostoperative radiotherapy in high-risk postmenopausal breast-cancer patients given adjuvant tamoxifen: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82c randomised trialLancet199935391651641164810335782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OvergaardMHansenPSOvergaardJPostoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group 82b TrialN Engl J Med1997337149499559395428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RagazJlivottoIASpinelliJJLocoregional radiation therapy in patients with high-risk breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: 20-year results of the British Columbia randomized trialJ Natl Cancer Inst200597211612615657341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GargAKOhJLOswaldMJEffect of postmastectomy radiotherapy in patients <35 years old with stage II–III breast cancer treated with doxorubicin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and mastectomyInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys20076951478148317855016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WallgrenABonettiMGelberRDRisk factors for locoregional recurrence among breast cancer patients: results from International Breast Cancer Study Group Trials I through VIIJ Clin Oncol20032171205121312663706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JagsiRRaadRAGoldbergSLocoregional recurrence rates and prognostic factors for failure in node-negative patients treated with mastectomy: implications for postmastectomy radiationInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys20056241035103915990006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YildirimEBerberogluUCan a subgroup of node-negative breast carcinoma patients with T1-2 tumor who may benefit from postmastectomy radiotherapy be identified?Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys20076841024102917398017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative GroupEffects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trialsLancet200536594721687171715894097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DaviesCPanHGodwinJLong-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years after diagnosis of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: ATLAS, a randomised trialLancet2013381986980581623219286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrayRGReaDHandleyKaTTom: Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years in 6,953 women with early breast cancerJ Clin Oncol201331suppl abstr 5
   Google Scholar
• PaganiOO’NeillACastiglioneMPrognostic impact of amenorrhoea after adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients with axillary node involvement: results of the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial VIEur J Cancer19983456326409713266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Breast Cancer Study GroupColleoniMGelberSGoldhirschATamoxifen after adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women with lymph node-positive breast cancer: International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 13-93J Clin Oncol20062491332134116505417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SwainSMJeongJHWolmarkNAmenorrhea from breast cancer therapy – not a matter of doseN Engl J Med2010363232268227021121855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrancisPAReganMMFlemingGFAdjuvant ovarian suppression in premenopausal breast cancerN Engl J Med2015372543644625495490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PaganiOReganMMWalleyBAAdjuvant exemestane with ovarian suppression in premenopausal breast cancerN Engl J Med2014371210711824881463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BernhardJLuoWRibiKPatient-reported outcomes with adjuvant exemestane versus tamoxifen in premenopausal women with early breast cancer undergoing ovarian suppression (TEXT and SOFT): a combined analysis of two phase 3 randomised trialsLancet Oncol201516784885826092816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccart-GebhartMJProcterMLeyland-JonesBTrastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancerN Engl J Med2005353161659167216236737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PerezEASumanVJDavidsonNESequential versus concurrent trastuzumab in adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancerJ Clin Oncol201129344491449722042958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RomondEHPerezEABryantJTrastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancerN Engl J Med2005353161673168416236738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SlamonDEiermannWRobertNAdjuvant trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancerN Engl J Med2011365141273128321991949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BaselgaJCortésJKimSBPertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for metastatic breast cancerN Engl J Med2012366210911922149875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneeweissAChiaSHickishTPertuzumab plus trastuzumab in combination with standard neoadjuvant anthracycline-containing and anthracycline-free chemotherapy regimens in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer: a randomized phase II cardiac safety study (TRYPHAENA)Ann Oncol20132492278228423704196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GianniLPienkowskiTImYHEfficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in women with locally advanced, inflammatory, or early HER2-positive breast cancer (NeoSphere): a randomised multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trialLancet Oncol2012131253222153890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChristinatAPaganiOFertility after breast cancerMaturitas201273319119623020991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-WallbergKAOktayKOptions on fertility preservation in female cancer patientsCancer Treat Rev201238535436122078869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RonnRHolzerHEOncofertility in Canada: the impact of cancer on fertilityCurr Oncol2013204e338e34423904772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalsheJMDenduluriNSwainSMAmenorrhea in premenopausal women after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancerJ Clin Oncol200624365769577917130515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DonnezJDolmansMMFertility preservation in womenNat Rev Endocrinol201391273574924166000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LorenAWManguPBBeckLNFertility preservation for patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline updateJ Clin Oncol201331192500251023715580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FriedlerSKocOGidoniYRazielARon-ElROvarian response to stimulation for fertility preservation in women with malignant disease: a systematic review and meta-analysisFertil Steril201297112513322078784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MooreHCUngerJMPhillipsKAGoserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapyN Engl J Med20153721092393225738668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AzimHAJrSantoroLPavlidisNSafety of pregnancy following breast cancer diagnosis: a meta-analysis of 14 studiesEur J Cancer2011471748320943370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AzimHAJrKromanNPaesmansMPrognostic impact of pregnancy after breast cancer according to estrogen receptor status: a multicenter retrospective studyJ Clin Oncol2013311737923169515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KromanNJensenMBWohlfahrtJEjlertsenBDanish Breast Cancer Cooperative GroupPregnancy after treatment of breast cancer – a population-based study on behalf of Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative GroupActa Oncol200847454554918465320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ValachisATsaliLPesceLLSafety of pregnancy after primary breast carcinoma in young women: a meta-analysis to overcome bias of healthy mother effect studiesObstet Gynecol Surv2010651278679321411023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Breast Cancer Study GroupPregnancy Outcome and Safety of Interrupting Therapy for Women With Endocrine Responsive Breast Cancer (POSITIVE) [cited August 17, 2015] Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02308085?term=02308085&rank=1. NLM identifier: NCT02308085Accessed November 12, 2015
   Google Scholar
• PaganiOAzimHJrPregnancy after breast cancer: myths and factsBreast Care (Basel)20127321021422872794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AzimHAJrMetzger-FilhoOde AzambujaEPregnancy occurring during or following adjuvant trastuzumab in patients enrolled in the HERA trial (BIG 01-01)Breast Cancer Res Treat2012133138739122367645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaundersCMBaumMBreast cancer and pregnancy: a reviewJ R Soc Med19938631621658155095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndersonJMMammary cancers and pregnancyBr Med J19791617111241127376044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NoyesRDSpanosWJJrMontagueEDBreast cancer in women aged 30 and underCancer1982496130213076174202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VashiRHooleyRButlerRGeiselJPhilpottsLBreast imaging of the pregnant and lactating patient: imaging modalities and pregnancy-associated breast cancerAJR Am J Roentgenol2013200232132823345353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeymannJJHalliganAMHodaSAFaceyKEHodaRSFine needle aspiration of breast masses in pregnant and lactating women: experience with 28 cases emphasizing Thinprep findingsDiagn Cytopathol201543318819424976078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACOG Committee on Obstetric PracticeACOG Committee Opinion. Number 299, September 2004 (replaces No 158, September 1995). Guidelines for diagnostic imaging during pregnancyObstet Gynecol2004104364765115339791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BuralGGLaymonCMMountzJMNuclear imaging of a pregnant patient: should we perform nuclear medicine procedures during pregnancy?Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther20122111523487481
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ToescaAGentiliniOPeccatoriFAzimHAJrAmantFLocoregional treatment of breast cancer during pregnancyGynecol Surg201411427928425419205
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ChenZKingWPearceyRKerbaMMackillopWJThe relationship between waiting time for radiotherapy and clinical outcomes: a systematic review of the literatureRadiother Oncol200887131618160158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MazonakisMVarverisHDamilakisJTheoharopoulosNGourtsoyiannisNRadiation dose to conceptus resulting from tangential breast irradiationInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys200355238639112527052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GentiliniOCremonesiMToescaASentinel lymph node biopsy in pregnant patients with breast cancerEur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging2010371788319662412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GropperABCalvilloKZDominiciLSentinel lymph node biopsy in pregnant women with breast cancerAnn Surg Oncol20142182506251124756813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RingAESmithIEJonesAShannonCGalaniEEllisPAChemotherapy for breast cancer during pregnancy: an 18-year experience from five London teaching hospitalsJ Clin Oncol200523184192419715961766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HahnKMJohnsonPHGordonNTreatment of pregnant breast cancer patients and outcomes of children exposed to chemotherapy in uteroCancer200610761219122616894524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BerryDLTheriaultRLHolmesFAManagement of breast cancer during pregnancy using a standardized protocolJ Clin Oncol199917385586110071276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MurthyRKTheriaultRLBarnettCMOutcomes of children exposed in utero to chemotherapy for breast cancerBreast Cancer Res201416650025547133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZagouriFSergentanisTNChrysikosDPapadimitriouCADimopoulosMABartschRTrastuzumab administration during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysisBreast Cancer Res Treat2013137234935723242615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShapiroCLHalabiSHarsVZoledronic acid preserves bone mineral density in premenopausal women who develop ovarian failure due to adjuvant chemotherapy: final results from CALGB trial 79809Eur J Cancer201147568368921324674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SverrisdottirAFornanderTJacobssonHvon SchoultzERutqvistLEBone mineral density among premenopausal women with early breast cancer in a randomized trial of adjuvant endocrine therapyJ Clin Oncol200422183694369915365065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GnantMMlineritschBLuschin-EbengreuthGAdjuvant endocrine therapy plus zoledronic acid in premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer: 5-year follow-up of the ABCSG-12 bone-mineral density substudyLancet Oncol20089984084918718815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrufskyAMHarkerWGBeckJTFinal 5-year results of Z-FAST trial: adjuvant zoledronic acid maintains bone mass in postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving letrozoleCancer201211851192120121987386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmithMREgerdieBHernández TorizNDenosumab in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancerN Engl J Med2009361874575519671656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EllisGKBoneHGChlebowskiRRandomized trial of denosumab in patients receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitors for nonmetastatic breast cancerJ Clin Oncol200826304875488218725648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GnantMFMlineritschBLuschin-EbengreuthGZoledronic acid prevents cancer treatment-induced bone loss in premenopausal women receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy for hormone-responsive breast cancer: a report from the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study GroupJ Clin Oncol200725782082817159195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ColemanRCameronDDodwellDAdjuvant zoledronic acid in patients with early breast cancer: final efficacy analysis of the AZURE (BIG 01/04) randomised open-label phase 3 trialLancet Oncol2014159997100625035292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GnantMPfeilerGDubskyPCAdjuvant denosumab in breast cancer (ABCSG-18): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialLancet2015386999243344326040499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Cancer SocietyBreast Cancer Facts and Figures 2015–2016Atlanta, CAAmerican Cancer Society2015
   Google Scholar