Prevalence of Pregnancy in Drug Overdose Presenting to a Tertiary Toxicology Service

References

• Weiss HB. Pregnancy-associated injury hospitalizations in Pennsylvania, 1995. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;34:626–636. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(99)70165-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelner I, Matlow J, Hutson JR, et al. Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC). Acute poisoning during pregnancy: observations from the toxicology investigators consortium. J Med Toxicol. 2015;11:301–308. doi:10.1007/s13181-015-0467-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flint C, Larsen H, Nielsen GL, Olsen J, Sørensen HT. Pregnancy outcome after suicide attempt by drug use: a Danish population-based study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002;81:516–522. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.810607.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czeizel AE, Tímár L, Susánszky E. Timing of suicide attempts by self-poisoning during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1999;65:39–45. doi:10.1016/S0020-7292(99)00007-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmermann G, Acs N, Bánhidy F, Czeizel AE. A study of teratogenic and fetotoxic effects of large doses of meprobamate used for a suicide attempt by 42 pregnant women. Toxicol Ind Health. 2008;24:97–107. doi:10.1177/0748233708089015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czeizel AE, Mosonyi A. Monitoring of early human fetal development in women exposed to large doses of chemicals. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1997;30:240–244. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1997)30:2<240::AID-EM17>3.0.CO;2-D
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petik D, Acs N, Bánhidy F, Czeizel AE. A study of the potential teratogenic effect of large doses of promethazine used for a suicide attempt by 32 pregnant women. Toxicol Ind Health. 2008;24:87–96. doi:10.1177/0748233708089003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gidai J, Acs N, Bánhidy F, Czeizel AE. An evaluation of data for 10 children born to mothers who attempted suicide by taking large doses of alprazolam during pregnancy. Toxicol Ind Health. 2008;24:53–60. doi:10.1177/0748233708089017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClure CK, Patrick TE, Katz KD, Kelsey SF, Weiss HB. Birth outcomes following self-inflicted poisoning during pregnancy. California, 2000 to 2004. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2011;40:292–301. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01250.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosonyi A, Tímár L, Czeizel E. Timing of attempted suicide by drug poisoning during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Orv Hetil. 1997;138:2467–2470.
   Google Scholar
• Perrone J, Hoffman RS. Toxic ingestions in pregnancy: abortifacient use in a case series of pregnant overdose patients. Acad Emerg Med. 1997;4:206–209. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1997.tb03742.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czeizel AE, Gidai J, Petik D, Timmermann G, Puhó EH. Self-poisoning during pregnancy as a model for teratogenic risk estimation of drugs. Toxicol Ind Health. 2008;24:11–28. doi:10.1177/0748233708089020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stengel CL, Seaberg DC, MacLeod BA. Pregnancy in the emergency department: risk factors and prevalence among all women. Ann Emerg Med. 1994;24:697–700. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70280-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyal MK, Hersh AL, Badolato G, et al. Underuse of pregnancy testing for women prescribed teratogenic medications in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2015;22:192–196. doi:10.1111/acem.12578
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Santis M, Di Gianantonio E, Straface G, et al. Ionizing radiations in pregnancy and teratogenesis: a review of literature. Reprod Toxicol. 2005;20:323–329. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts SCM, Wingo E, Kimport K. A qualitative exploration of women’s experiences discovering pregnancies in the emergency department. Contracept X. 2020;2:100024. doi:10.1016/j.conx.2020.100024
   Google Scholar
• Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR, et al. 2010 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centres National Poison Data System (NPDS): 28th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol. 2011;49:910–941. doi:10.3109/15563650.2011.635149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayburn W, Aronow R, DeLancey B, Hogan MJ. Drug overdose during pregnancy: an overview from a metropolitan poison control center. Obstet Gynecol. 1984;64:611–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi SG, Gilbert WM, McElvy SS, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes after attempted suicide. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107:984–990. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000216000.50202.f6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herskovits AZ, Chen Y, Latifi N, Ta RM, Kriegel G. False-negative urine human chorionic gonadotropin testing in the clinical laboratory. Lab Med. 2020;51:86–93. doi:10.1093/labmed/lmz039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffey RT, Trent CJ, Bavolek RA, Keeperman JB, Sampson C, Poirier RF. “Hook-like effect” causes false-negative point-of-care urine pregnancy testing in emergency patients. J Emerg Med. 2013;44:155–160. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.05.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene DN, Schmidt RL, Kamer SM, Grenache DG, Hoke C, Lorey TS. Limitations in qualitative point of care hCG tests for detecting early pregnancy. Clin Chim Acta. 2013;415:317–321. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gronowski AM, Cervinski M, Stenman UH, Woodworth A, Ashby L, Scott M. False-negative results in point-of-care qualitative human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) devices due to excess hCGbeta core fragment. Clin Chem. 2009;55:1389–1394. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.121210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiew AL, Fountain JS, Graudins A, Isbister GK, Reith D, Buckley NA. Summary statement: new guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in Australia and New Zealand. Med J Aust. 2015;203:215–218. doi:10.5694/mja15.00614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson AM, Polson J, Fontana RJ, et al.; Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology. 2005;42:1364–1372. doi:10.1002/hep.20948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar