Updates and Best Practices in the Management of Facial Erythema

References

• Gether L, Overgaard LK, Egeberg A, et al. Incidence and prevalence of rosacea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2018;179(2):282–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustafa F, Lewallen RS, Feldman SR. The psychological impact of rosacea and the influence of current management options. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(5):973–980. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Rosso JQ. Advances in understanding and managing rosacea: part 2: the central role, evaluation, and medical management of diffuse and persistent facial erythema of rosacea. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(3):26–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackson JM, Knuckles M, Minni JP, et al. The role of brimonidine tartrate gel in the treatment of rosacea. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015;8:529–538. doi:10.2147/CCID.S58920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chunharas C, Boen M, Alhaddad M, et al. The efficacy of pulsed dye laser pretreated with or without local anesthetic on patients presenting with erythema of face, neck, chest, and extremities. Lasers Surg Med. 2020;52(4):307–314. doi:10.1002/lsm.23146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson MS, Nadkarni A, Cardwell LA, et al. Spotlight on brimonidine topical gel 0.33% for facial erythema of rosacea: safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2017;11:1143–1150. doi:10.2147/PPA.S115708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cline A, McGregor SP, Feldman SR. Medical management of facial redness in rosacea. Dermatol Clin. 2018;36(2):151–159. doi:10.1016/j.det.2017.11.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vissing A-CE, Dierickx C, Karmisholt KE, et al. Topical brimonidine reduces IPL-induced erythema without affecting efficacy: a randomized controlled trial in patients with facial telangiectasias. Lasers Surg Med. 2018;50(10):1002–1009. doi:10.1002/lsm.22953
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe E, Lim S. Paradoxical erythema reaction of long-term topical brimonidine gel for the treatment of facial erythema of rosacea. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(6):763–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoover RM, Erramouspe J. Role of topical oxymetazoline for management of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Ann Pharmacother. 2018;52(3):263–267. doi:10.1177/1060028017740139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel NU, Shukla S, Zaki J, Feldman SR. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream for facial erythema associated with rosacea. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017;10(10):1049–1054. doi:10.1080/17512433.2017.1370370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanghetti EA, Goldberg DJ, Dover JS, et al. Oxymetazoline and energy-based therapy in patients with rosacea: evaluation of the safety and tolerability in an Open-Label, Interventional Study. Lasers Surg Med. 2021;53(1):55–65. doi:10.1002/lsm.23253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suggs AK, Macri A, Richmond H, et al. Treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea with pulsed-dye laser and oxymetazoline 1.0% Cream: a Retrospective Study. Lasers Surg Med. 2020;52(1):38–43. doi:10.1002/lsm.23176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okwundu N, Cline A, Feldman SR. Difference in vasoconstrictors: oxymetazoline vs. brimonidine. J Dermatolog Treat. 2019;1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuraitis M, Jacob CI. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of facial flushing. Dermatol Surg. 2004;30(1):102–104. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30017.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Niaimi F, Glagoleva E, Araviiskaia E. Pulsed dye laser followed by intradermal botulinum toxin type-A in the treatment of rosacea-associated erythema and flushing. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e13976. doi:10.1111/dth.13976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom BS, Payongayong L, Mourin A, et al. Impact of intradermal abobotulinumtoxinA on facial erythema of rosacea. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(Suppl 1):S9–S16. doi:10.1097/DSS.0000000000000277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterodimas A, Nicolaou M, Paes TR. Successful use of botulinum toxin-A for the treatment of neck and anterior chest wall flushing. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003;28(6):592–594. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01379.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoury JG, Saluja R, Goldman MP. The effect of botulinum toxin type A on full-face intense pulsed light treatment: a randomized, double-blind, split-face study. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34(8):1062–1069. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34207.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan SR, Tope WD. Pulsed dye laser treatment of rosacea improves erythema, symptomatology, and quality of life. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51(4):592–599. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laube S, Lanigan SW. Laser treatment of rosacea. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2002;1(4):188–195. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2002.00071.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hofmann MA, Lehmann P. Physical modalities for the treatment of rosacea. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2016;14(Suppl 6):38–43.
   Google Scholar
• Uebelhoer NS, Bogle MA, Stewart B, et al. A split-face comparison study of pulsed 532-nm KTP laser and 595-nm pulsed dye laser in the treatment of facial telangiectasias and diffuse telangiectatic facial erythema. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33(4):441–448. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2007.33091.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuhaus IM, Zane LT, Tope WD. Comparative efficacy of nonpurpuragenic pulsed dye laser and intense pulsed light for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Dermatol Surg. 2009;35(6):920–928. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01156.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyer S, Fitzpatrick RE. Long-pulsed dye laser treatment for facial telangiectasias and erythema: evaluation of a single purpuric pass versus multiple subpurpuric passes. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(8 Pt 1):898–903. doi:10.1097/00042728-200508000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becher GL, Cameron H, Moseley H. Treatment of superficial vascular lesions with the KTP 532-nm laser: experience with 647 patients. Lasers Med Sci. 2014;29(1):267–271. doi:10.1007/s10103-013-1330-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark SM, Lanigan SW, Marks R. Laser treatment of erythema and telangiectasia associated with rosacea. Lasers Med Sci. 2002;17(1):26–33. doi:10.1007/s10103-002-8263-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulbul Baskan E, Akin Belli A. Evaluation of long-term efficacy, safety, and effect on life quality of pulsed dye laser in rosacea patients. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2019;21(4):185–189. doi:10.1080/14764172.2018.1502453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam M, Voravutinon N, Warycha M, et al. Comparative effectiveness of nonpurpuragenic 595-nm pulsed dye laser and microsecond 1064-nm neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnetlaser for treatment of diffuse facial erythema: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(3):438–443. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.04.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertaş R, Yaman O, Akkuş MR, et al. The rapid effect of pulsed dye laser on demodex density of facial skin. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2019;21(3):123–126. doi:10.1080/14764172.2018.1481509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keaney TC, Tanzi E, Alster T. Comparison of 532 nm potassium titanyl phosphate laser and 595 nm pulsed dye laser in the treatment of erythematous surgical scars: a Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label Study. Dermatol Surg. 2016;42(1):70–76. doi:10.1097/DSS.0000000000000582
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asiran Serdar Z, Fisek Izci N. The evaluation of long-pulsed Nd: YAGlaser efficacy and side effects in the treatment of cutaneous vessels on the face and legs. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(7):1656–1661. doi:10.1111/jocd.13208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon WJ, Park BW, Cho EB, et al. Comparison of efficacy between long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser and pulsed dye laser to treat rosacea-associated nasal telangiectasia. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2018;20(5):260–264. doi:10.1080/14764172.2017.1418510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bevin AA, Parlette EC, Domankevitz Y, et al. Variable-pulse Nd: YAGlaser in the treatment of facial telangiectasias. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32(1):7–12. doi:10.1097/00042728-200601000-00002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aleisa A, Goldman MP. A dynamically cooled, variable spot-sized 1064 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser as a treatment option for facial reticular veins. Dermatol Surg. 2021;47(1):76–78. doi:10.1097/DSS.0000000000002406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salem SAM, Abdel Fattah NS, Tantawy SM, et al. Neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser versus pulsed dye laser in erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea: comparison of clinical efficacy and effect on cutaneous substance (P) expression. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2013;12(3):187–194. doi:10.1111/jocd.12048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos MA, Sousa AC, Varela P, et al. Comparative effectiveness of purpuragenic 595 nm pulsed dye laser versus sequential emission of 595 nm pulsed dye laser and 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser: a double-blind randomized controlled study. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2019;28(1):1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsai S, Roos S, Raulin C. Treatment of facial telangiectasia using a dual-wavelength laser system (595 and 1064 nm): a randomized controlled trial with blinded response evaluation. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34(5):702–708. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34131.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JH, Na SY, Choi M, et al. Long-pulsed Nd: YAG laser: does it give clinical benefit on the treatment of resistant telangiectasia? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(10):1280–1284. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04282.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yalici-Armagan B, Elcin G. The decrease of demodex density after Nd: YAGlaser application for facial telengiactasias: a case report. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e14108. doi:10.1111/dth.14108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee TS, Kwek JWM, Ellis DAF. Treatment of periocular and temporal reticular veins with 1064-nm Nd:YAG Laser. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(9):2306–2312. doi:10.1111/jocd.13504
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eremia S, Li CY. Treatment of face veins with a cryogen spray variable pulse width 1064 nm Nd: YAGLaser: a prospective study of 17 patients. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28(3):244–247. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.01217.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai SW, Goldman MP. Treatment of facial reticular veins with dynamically cooled, variable spot-sized 1064 nm Nd: YAGlaser. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2007;6(1):6–8. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2007.00256.x
   Google Scholar
• Ma G, Lin -X-X, Hu X-J, et al. Treatment of venous infraorbital dark circles using a long-pulsed 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38(8):1277–1282. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02457.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman A, Lotti T, Tchernev G, et al. Successful treatment of reticular blue veins of the lower eyelid by long-pulse Nd: YAG - case report with 8-year follow-up. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2017;6(1):58–60. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.021
   Google Scholar
• Bonaparte JP, Ellis DE. Discomfort during periorbital and lateral temporal laser vein treatment: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2014;2(5):e159. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000000106
   Google Scholar
• Wen X, Li Y, Hamblin MR, et al. A randomized split-face, investigator-blinded study of a picosecond Alexandrite laser for post-inflammatory erythema and acne scars. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e13941. doi:10.1111/dth.13941
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaich AS, Goldberg LH, Friedman RH, et al. Fractional photothermolysis for the treatment of postinflammatory erythema resulting from acne vulgaris. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33(7):842–846. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2007.33180.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park KY, Ko EJ, Seo SJ, et al. Comparison of fractional, nonablative, 1550-nm laser and 595-nm pulsed dye laser for the treatment of facial erythema resulting from acne: a split-face, evaluator-blinded, randomized pilot study. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2014;16(3):120–123. doi:10.3109/14764172.2013.854626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tirico MCCP, Jensen D, Green C, et al. Short pulse intense pulsed light versus pulsed dye laser for the treatment of facial redness. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2020;22(2):60–64. doi:10.1080/14764172.2020.1717540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wat H, Wu DC, Rao J, Goldman MP. Application of intense pulsed light in the treatment of dermatologic disease: a systematic review. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40(4):359–377. doi:10.1111/dsu.12424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almukhtar R, Carr E, Goldman M. Intense pulsed light: the early years. Dermatol Rev. 2020;1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Mark KA, Sparacio RM, Voigt A, et al. Objective and quantitative improvement of rosacea-associated erythema after intense pulsed light treatment. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29(6):600–604. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.2003.29141.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prieto VG, Sadick NS, Lloreta J, et al. Effects of intense pulsed light on sun-damaged human skin, routine, and ultrastructural analysis. Lasers Surg Med. 2002;30(2):82–85. doi:10.1002/lsm.10042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishman HA, Periman LM, Shah AA. Real-time video microscopy of in vitro demodex death by intense pulsed light. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2020;38(8):472–476. doi:10.1089/photob.2019.4737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Song N, Gong L. Therapeutic effect of intense pulsed light on ocular demodicosis. Curr Eye Res. 2019;44(3):250–256. doi:10.1080/02713683.2018.1536217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang P, Zhang L, Shi L, et al. Latent demodex infection contributes to intense pulsed light aggravated rosacea: cases serial. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2019;21(3):163–165. doi:10.1080/14764172.2018.1502448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedmann DP, Goldman MP, Fabi SG, et al. Multiple sequential light and laser sources to activate aminolevulinic acid for rosacea. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2016;15(4):407–412. doi:10.1111/jocd.12231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan L, Yin R, Lan T, Hamblin MR. Photodynamic therapy for rosacea in Chinese patients. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2018;24:82–87. doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz B, Patel V. Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of erythema, papules, pustules, and severe flushing consistent with rosacea. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5(2 Suppl):6–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calzavara-Pinton PG, Rossi MT, Aronson E, et al. A retrospective analysis of real-life practice of off-label photodynamic therapy using methyl aminolevulinate (MAL-PDT) in 20 Italian dermatology departments. Part 1: inflammatory and aesthetic indications. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2013;12(1):148–157. doi:10.1039/c2pp25124h
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nybaek H, Jemec GBE. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of rosacea. Dermatology. 2005;211(2):135–138. doi:10.1159/000086443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryld LE, Jemec GB. Photodynamic therapy in a series of rosacea patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007;21(9):1199–1202. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02219.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SY, Kwon HH, Yoon JY, et al. Clinical and histologic effects of fractional microneedling radiofrequency treatment on rosacea. Dermatol Surg. 2016;42(12):1362–1369. doi:10.1097/DSS.0000000000000888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim S-J, Lee Y, Seo Y-J, et al. Comparative efficacy of radiofrequency and pulsed dye laser in the treatment of rosacea. Dermatol Surg. 2017;43(2):204–209. doi:10.1097/DSS.0000000000000968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chunharas C, Wu D, Goldman MP. Chapter 8: microneedling and radiofrequency. In: Hausauer AK, Jones DH, editors. PRP and Microneedling in Aesthetic Medicine. New York, NY: Theime Medical Publishers, Inc.; 2019:70–84.
   Google Scholar
• Min S, Park SY, Yoon JY, et al. Fractional microneedling radiofrequency treatment for acne-related post-inflammatory erythema. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016;96(1):87–91. doi:10.2340/00015555-2164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim Y-J, Shin B-S, Chung B-S, et al. A simple technique for treatment of nasal telangiectasia using trichloroacetic acid and CO2 laser. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28(8):729–731. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.02001.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fante RG, Goldman MP. Removal of periocular veins by sclerotherapy. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(3):433–434. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00565-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss RA, Ramelet -A-A. Removal of blue periocular lower eyelid veins by ambulatory phlebectomy. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28(1):43–45. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.01189.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar