The Economic Impact of Obesity in Turkey: A Micro-Costing Analysis

References

• Guh DP, Zhang W, Bansback N, Amarsi Z, Birmingham CL, Anis AH. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):88. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poirier P, Giles TD, Bray GA, et al. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss. Circulation. 2006;113(6):898–918. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.171016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organization WH. Regional Office for Europe. WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. 2022; Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/353747. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022; 2022. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/353747. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. Obesity. World Health Organisation; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/en/. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Klarenbach S, Padwal R, Chuck A, Jacobs P. Population-based analysis of obesity and workforce participation. Obesity. 2006;14(5):920–927. doi:10.1038/oby.2006.106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michele C, Sabine V. The Heavy Burden of Obesity: the Economics of Prevention. OECD Library. 2019. doi:10.1787/67450d67-en
   Google Scholar
• Işeri A, Arslan N. Obesity in adults in Turkey: age and regional effects. European Journal of Public Health. 2009;19(1):91–94. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckn107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erem C. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Turkey. IJC Metabolic & Endocrine. 2015;8:38–41. doi:10.1016/j.ijcme.2015.07.002
   Google Scholar
• Bloomgarden ZT. American Diabetes Association Annual Meeting, 1999: diabetes and obesity. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(1):118–124. doi:10.2337/diacare.23.1.118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babaoğlu K, Hatun S, Arslanoğlu I. Evaluation of glucose intolerance in adolescents relative to adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2006;19(11):1319–1326. doi:10.1515/JPEM.2006.19.11.1319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozkol M, Ersoy B, Kasirga E, Taneli F, Bostanci IE, Ozhan B. Metabolic predictors for early identification of fatty liver using Doppler and B-mode ultrasonography in overweight and obese adolescents. Eur J Pediatr. 2010;169(11):1345–1352. doi:10.1007/s00431-010-1227-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulger Z, Demir E, Tanaç R. The effect of childhood obesity on respiratory function tests and airway hyperresponsiveness. Turk J Pediatr. 2006;48(1):43–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall JE, Do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Wang Z, Hall ME. Obesity-Induced Hypertension. Circulation Research. 2015;116(6):991–1006. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmazer MM, Tavli V, Carti OU. Cardiovascular risk factors and noninvasive assessment of arterial structure and function in obese Turkish children. Eur J Pediatr. 2010;169(10):1241–1248. doi:10.1007/s00431-010-1216-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onat A, Şenocak M. Obesity in Turkish adults: prevalence, validity as coronary risk factor, and interrelation with other risk factors. International Journal of Angiology. 1995;4(2):94–98. doi:10.1007/BF02043625
   Google Scholar
• Turkish Statistical Institute. Causes of Death Statistics, 2010, 2011 and 2012. 2013 Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Causes-of-Death-Statistics-2010,-2011-and-2012-15847. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Yuksel H. Social Determinants of Obesity: the Example of Turkey. SDU Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences. 2019;48:15–33.
   Google Scholar
• Yigit A, Yigit V. Economic Burden of Obesity-Related Comorbidities in Turkey. Gumushane universitesi Saglık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;8(3):223–230.
   Google Scholar
• Fahrettin KOCA. 2019-2023 dönemi Sağlık Bakanlığı Stratejik planı. Statejik Yönetim. Available from: http://www.sp.gov.tr/tr/stratejik-plan/s/1652/Saglik+Bakanligi+2019-2023. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Official Gazette. On Birinci Kalkınma Planı 2019-2023; 2019. Available from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/07/20190723M1-1-1.pdf. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Haase CL, Lopes S, Olsen AH, Satylganova A, Schnecke V, McEwan P. Weight loss and risk reduction of obesity-related outcomes in 0.5 million people: evidence from a UK primary care database. Int J Obes. 2021;45(6):1249–1258. doi:10.1038/s41366-021-00788-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Must A, Spadano J, Coakley EH, Field AE, Colditz G, Dietz WH. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA. 1999;282(16):1523–1529. doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh GM, Danaei G, Farzadfar F, et al. The Age-Specific Quantitative Effects of Metabolic Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes: a Pooled Analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e65174. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. N Eng J Med. 2017;377(1):13–27. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1614362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collaboration TERF. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. The Lancet. 2011;377(9771):1085–1095. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60105-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan SS, Ning H, Wilkins JT, et al. Association of Body Mass Index With Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Compression of Morbidity. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3(4):280–287. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Ford ES, Zhao G, Croft JB, Balluz LS, Mokdad AH. Prevalence of self-reported clinically diagnosed sleep apnea according to obesity status in men and women: national Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006. Prev Med. 2010;51(1):18–23. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.03.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang L, Tian W, Wang Y, et al. Body mass index and susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine. 2012;79(3):291–297. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.05.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang L, Rong J, Wang Y, et al. The relationship between body mass index and Hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine. 2011;78(2):150–155. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapel JM, Wang G. Understanding cost data collection tools to improve economic evaluations of health interventions. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 2019;4(4):214–222. doi:10.1136/svn-2019-000301
   Google Scholar
• Gold MR, Siegel JE, Russell LB, Weinstein MC. Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Oxford University Press; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Frick KD. Micro-Costing Quantity Data Collection Methods. Med Care. 2009;47(7 Suppl 1):S76–S81. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e31819bc064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micro-costing in health and medicine: a critical appraisal | Health Economics Review | Full Text. Available from: https://healtheconomicsreview.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13561-020-00298-5. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Alqahtani SA, Al-Omar HA, Alshehri A, et al. Obesity Burden and Impact of Weight Loss in Saudi Arabia: a Modelling Study. Adv Ther. 2023;40(3):1114–1128. doi:10.1007/s12325-022-02415-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogac A, Yuksel M, Avcl A, et al. Electronic Health Record Interoperability as Realized in the Turkish Health Information System. Methods Inf Med. 2011;50(02):140–149. doi:10.3414/ME10-01-0022
   Google Scholar
• Kose I, Rayner J, Birinci S, et al. Adoption rates of electronic health records in Turkish Hospitals and the relation with hospital sizes. BMC Health Services Research. 2020;20(1):967. doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05767-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Špacírová Z, Epstein D, García-Mochón L, Rovira J, Labry lima A, Espín J. A general framework for classifying costing methods for economic evaluation of health care. Eur J Health Econ. 2020;21(4):529–542. doi:10.1007/s10198-019-01157-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Claxton K, Stoddart GL, Torrance GW. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. Oxford University Press; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Executive and Administrative Division. T.C. Resmî Gazete. Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Official Gazette; 2021. Available from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/04/20210428M1.pdf. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Türkiye’nin sağlık enflasyonu hesaplandı; yüzde 122,17 arttı. DHA | demirören Haber Ajansı; 2023. Available from: https://www.dha.com.tr/ekonomi/turkiyenin-saglik-enflasyonu-hesaplandi-yuzde-122-17-artti-2209673. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Cumhurbaşkani Karari. Vol. 38. p. 20221012–6. Available from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/10/20221012-6.pdf. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• 25 Ağustos 2022 Tarihli ve 31934 Sayılı Resmî Gazete. Available from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/fihrist?tarih=2022-08-25&mukerrer=1). Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Gürsoy K. An Analysis of Public Pharmaceutical Policy, Pricing and Spending in Turkey. Journal of Social Security. 2016;6(1):225–243.
   Google Scholar
• Turkish Statistical Institute. Health Expenditure Statistics, 2020. Turkish Statistical Institute; 2023. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=37192&dil=2. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Escobar C, Palacios B, Aranda U, et al. Costs and healthcare utilisation of patients with chronic kidney disease in Spain. BMC Health Services Research. 2021;21(1):536. doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06566-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhan S, Schwarzbard J, Sahin T, et al. Type 2 Diabetes in Turkey – a Cost of Illness Study. Value in Health. 2016;19(7):A669. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2016.09.1857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan JCN, Gagliardino JJ, Baik SH, et al. Multifaceted determinants for achieving glycemic control: the International Diabetes Management Practice Study (IDMPS). Diabetes Care. 2009;32(2):227–233. doi:10.2337/dc08-0435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czech M, Opolski G, Zdrojewski T, et al. The costs of heart failure in Poland from the public payer’s perspective: polish programme assessing diagnostic procedures, treatment and costs in patients with heart failure in randomly selected outpatient clinics and hospitals at different levels of care. POLKARD. 2013;71(3):224–232.
   Google Scholar
• Fiorentino F, Ascenção R, Gouveia M, et al. The Cost Of Illness Of Heart Failure In Portugal. Value in Health. 2017;20(9):A610. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2017.08.1203
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sassi F, Hurst J. The Prevention of Lifestyle-Related Chronic Diseases: an Economic Framework. OECD Health Working Papers. 2008. doi:10.1787/243180781313
   Google Scholar
• Gmeinder M, Morgan D, Mueller M How Much Do OECD Countries Spend on Prevention? Paris: OECD Publishing; Available from: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/how-much-do-oecd-countries-spend-on-prevention_f19e803c-en. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. Estimating expenditure by disease, age and gender under the system of health accounts (SHA) framework. 2008. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/EstimatingExpenditurebyDiseaseAgeandGender_FinalReport.pdf. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Lim Y, Boster J. Obesity and Comorbid Conditions. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK574535/. Accessed February 29, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Pi-Sunyer FX. Comorbidities of overweight and obesity: current evidence and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31(11 Suppl):S602–608. doi:10.1097/00005768-199911001-00019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar