964
Views
25
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Assessment of late-life depression via self-report measures: a review

, , , &
Pages 2021-2044 | Published online: 16 Oct 2018

References

  • NezuAMRonanGFMeadowsEAMcClureKSPractitioner’s guide to empirically based measures of depression2000
  • MarcusMYasamyMTvan OmmerenMChisholmDSaxenaSDepression: a global public health concern2012
  • BlazerDGDepression in late life: review and commentaryJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2003583M249M265
  • SteffensDCSkoogINortonMCPrevalence of depression and its treatment in an elderly population: the Cache County studyArch Gen Psychiatry200057660160710839339
  • BaltesMMWahlH-WSchmid-FurstossUThe daily life of elderly Germans: activity patterns, personal control, and functional healthJ Gerontol1990454P173P1792365973
  • LachmanMEPersonal Control in Later Life: Stability, Change, and Cognitive CorrelatesBaltesMMBaltesPBThe Psychology of Control and AgingHillsdale, NJErlbaum1986207236
  • Sözeri-VarmaGDepression in the elderly: clinical features and risk factorsAging dis20123646523251852
  • RoddaJWalkerZCarterJDepression in older adultsBMJ2011343d521921957206
  • AreánPAAyalonLAssessment and treatment of depressed older adults in primary careClinic Psychol: Sci Pract2005123321335
  • AlmeidaOPAlmeidaSAConfiabilidade da versão brasileira da Escala de Depressão em Geriatria (GDS) versão reduzidaArq Neuropsiquiatr1999572B42142610450349
  • FriedmanBConwellYDelavanRLCorrelates of late-life major depression: a comparison of urban and rural primary care patientsAm Geriatr Psychiatry20071512841
  • GilchristGGunnJObservational studies of depression in primary care: what do we know?BMC Fam Pract2007812817493280
  • BrodatyHLuscombeGParkerGEarly and late onset depression in old age: different aetiologies, same phenomenologyJ Affect Disord2001662–322523611578676
  • MeeksTWVahiaIVLavretskyHKulkarniGJesteDVA tune in “a minor” can “b major”: a review of epidemiology, illness course, and public health implications of subthreshold depression in older adultsJ Affect Disord20111291–312614220926139
  • VolkertJSchulzHHärterMWlodarczykOAndreasSThe prevalence of mental disorders in older people in Western countries – a meta- analysisAgeing Res Rev201312133935323000171
  • GroverSMalhotraNDepression in elderly: a review of Indian researchJ Geriatr Mental Health2015214
  • FiskeAWetherellJLGatzMDepression in older adultsAnnu Rev Clin Psychol20095136338919327033
  • KennedyGJCastroJChangMChauhan-JamesJFishmanMPsychiatric and medical comorbidity in the primary care geriatric patient – an updateCurr Psychiatry Rep20161876227222136
  • BeekmanATFPenninxBWJHDeegDJHDepression in survivors of stroke: a community-based study of prevalence, risk factors and consequencesSoc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol199833104634709780808
  • UntzerJPatrickDLDiehrPSimonGGrembowskiDKatonWQuality adjusted life years in older adults with depressive symptoms and chronic medical disordersInt Psychogeriatr19991211533
  • UnützerJKatonWCallahanCMCollaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled trialJAMA2002288222836284512472325
  • HimmelfarbSMurrellSAReliability and validity of five mental health scales in older personsJ Gerontol19833833333396841929
  • BruceMLLeafPJPsychiatric disorders and 15-month mortality in a community sample of older adultsAm J Public Health19897967277302786347
  • SomervellPDLeafPJWeissmanMMBlazerDGBruceMLThe prevalence of major depression in black and white adults in five United States communitiesAm J Epidemiol198913047257352788995
  • NcfhSAdvance report of final mortality statistics, 1988Mon Vital Stat Rep1990397147
  • de LeoDPadoaniWScoccoPAttempted and completed suicide in older subjects: results from the WHO/EURO multicentre study of suicidal behaviourInt J Geriatr Psychiatry200116330031011288165
  • ClarkDCFawcettJReview of empirical risk factors for evaluation of the suicidal patient1992
  • ClarkDCFawcettJAn empirically based model of suicide risk assessment for patients with affective disorder1992
  • CornaLMCairneyJStreinerDLSuicide ideation in older adults: relationship to mental health problems and service useGerontologist201050678579720566835
  • CairneyJCornaLMStreinerDLMental health care use in later life: results from a national survey of CanadiansThe Canadian Journal of Psychiatry201055315716420370966
  • ConwellYSuicide in later life: a review and recommendations for preventionSuicide Life-Threatening Behav200131Suppl I3247
  • Alzheimer’s AssociationAlzheimer’s disease facts and figuresAlzheimers Dement2018143367429
  • PláteníkJFišarZBuchalRGSK3β, CREB, and BDNF in peripheral blood of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and depressionProgr Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry2014508393
  • RappMADahlmanKSanoMGrossmanHTHaroutunianVGormanJMNeuropsychological differences between late-onset and recurrent geriatric major depressionAm J Psychiatry2005162469169815800140
  • SalzmanCShaderRIDepression in the elderly. I. Relationship between depression, psychologic defense mechanisms and physical illnessJ Am Geriatr Soc1978266253260350938
  • SalzmanCShaderRIDepression in the elderly. II. Possible drug etiologies; differential diagnostic criteriaJ Am Geriatr Soc1978267303308659774
  • KahnRLZaritSHHilbertNMNiedereheGMemory complaint and impairment in the agedArch Gen Psychiatry19753212156915731200775
  • WellsCEPseudodementiaAm J Psychiatry19791367895900453349
  • JarvikLFAging and depression: some unanswered questionsJ Gerontol19763133243261270768
  • ColemanRMMilesLEGuilleminaultCCZarconeVPHoedJDementWCSleep-wake disorders in the elderly: a polysomnographic analysisJ Am Geriatr Soc19812972892967240617
  • HusainMIChaudhryIBRahmanRRMinocycline as an adjunct for treatment-resistant depressive symptoms: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trialTrials201516141026374703
  • WetherellJLGatzMPedersenNLA longitudinal analysis of anxiety and depressive symptomsPsychol Aging200116218719511405307
  • HettemaJMKuhnJWPrescottCAKendlerKSThe impact of generalized anxiety disorder and stressful life events on risk for major depressive episodesPsychol Med2006360678979516515735
  • BalsamoMCataldiFCarlucciLFairfieldBAssessment of anxiety in older adults: a review of self-report measuresClin Interv Aging20181357359329670342
  • BeekmanATFde BeursEvan BalkomAJLMDeegDJHvan DyckRvan TilburgWAnxiety and depression in later life: co-occurrence and communality of risk factorsAm J Psychiatry20001571899510618018
  • LenzeEJMulsantBHShearMKComorbid anxiety disorders in depressed elderly patientsAm J Psychiatry2000157572272810784464
  • SchoeversRABeekmanATDeegDJJonkerCvan TilburgWComorbidity and risk-patterns of depression, generalised anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety-depression in later life: results from the AMSTEL studyInt J Geriatr Psychiatry20031811994100114618550
  • KayaBLate life and depression: diagnosis and assessmentTurkish J Geriatr1999227682
  • EkerENoyanAYaşlıda Depresyon ve TedavisiKlinik Psikiyatri200427583
  • JormAFHistory of depression as a risk factor for dementia: an updated reviewAust N Z J Psychiatry200135677678111990888
  • GalloJJAnthonyJCMuthénBOAge differences in the symptoms of depression: a latent trait analysisJ Gerontol1994496P251P2647963280
  • GalloJJRabinsPVLyketsosCGTienAYAnthonyJCDepression without sadness: functional outcomes of nondysphoric depression in later lifeJ Am Geriatr Soc19974555705789158577
  • NewmannJPEngelRJJensenJEAge Differences in depressive symptom experiencesJ Gerontol1991465P224P2351890289
  • AlexopoulosGSDepression in the elderlyThe Lancet2005365947519611970
  • PowersDVGallagher-ThompsonDKraemerHCCoping and depression in Alzheimer’s caregivers: longitudinal evidence of stabilityJ Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci2002573P205P21111983731
  • GallagherDBreckenridgeJSteinmetzJThompsonLThe Beck depression inventory and research diagnostic criteria: congruence in an older populationJ Consult Clin Psychol19835169459466655109
  • BalsamoMSagginoATest per l’assessment della depressione nel contesto italiano: un’analisi criticaPsicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale2007132167
  • Association APDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®)Am Psychiatric Pub2013
  • SharpLKLipskyMSScreening for depression across the lifespanAm Fam Physician2002661001100812358212
  • AnnenSRoserPBrüneMNonverbal behavior during clinical interviews: similarities and dissimilarities among schizophrenia, mania, and depressionJ Nerv Ment Dis20122001263222210359
  • FiquerJTBoggioPSGorensteinCTalking bodies: nonverbal behavior in the assessment of depression severityJ Affect Disord201315031114111923706840
  • GirardJMCohnJFMahoorMHMavadatiSMHammalZRosenwaldDPNonverbal social withdrawal in depression: evidence from manual and automatic analysesImage Vis Comput2014321064164725378765
  • PhilippotPSchaeferAHerbetteGConsequences of specific processing of emotional information: impact of general versus specific autobiographical memory priming on emotion elicitationEmotion20033327028314498796
  • UhlmannELLeavittKMengesJIKoopmanJHoweMJohnsonREGetting explicit about the implicit: a taxonomy of implicit measures and guide for their use in organizational researchOrgan Res Methods2012154553601
  • BalsamoMPersonality and depression: evidence of a possible mediating role for anger trait in the relationship between cooperativeness and depressionCompr Psychiatry2013541465222770718
  • BalsamoMAnger and depression: evidence of a possible mediating role for ruminationPsychol Rep2010106131220402420
  • AndersenPANonverbal Communication: Forms and FunctionsMountain View, CAMayfield Publishing Company1999
  • GeertsEBrüneMEthological approaches to psychiatric disorders: focus on depression and schizophreniaAust N Z J Psychiatry200943111007101520001396
  • HolroydSClaytonAHMeasuring depression in the elderly: Which scale is bestMed Gen Med200024430554
  • BoeyKWCross-validation of a short form of the CES-D in Chinese elderlyInt J Geriatr Psychiatry199914860861710489651
  • LewinsohnPMSeeleyJRRobertsREAllenNBCenter for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adultsPsychol Aging19971222772879189988
  • AntonyMMAssessment of anxiety and the anxiety disorders: an overviewPractitioner’s Guide to Empirically Based Measures of AnxietyBoston, MASpringer2002917
  • BrinkTLYesavageJLumOGeriatric depression scaleEvidence- Based Diagnosis: A Handbook of Clinical Prediction RulesNew York, NYSpringer-Verlag2013297298
  • BalsamoMCarlucciLSergiMRKlein MurdockKSagginoAThe mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relation between co-rumination and depression in young adultsPLoS One20151010e014017726488748
  • BalsamoMCarlucciLSergiMRValidazione della versione italiana del Co-Rumination Questionnaire: risultati preliminariPsicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale20162211334
  • CarlucciLD’AmbrosioIInnamoratiMSagginoABalsamoMCo-rumination, anxiety, and maladaptive cognitive schemas: when friendship can hurtPsychol Res Behav Manag20181113314429692638
  • MoherDLiberatiATetzlaffJAltmanDGPreferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statementAnn Intern Med2009151426426919622511
  • ZungWWKA Self-Rating Depression ScaleArch Gen Psychiatry1965121637014221692
  • YesavageJABrinkTLRoseTLAdeyMThe Geriatric Depression Rating Scale: comparison with other self-report and psychiatric rating scalesCrookTFerrisSBartusRAssessment in Geriatric PsychopharmacologyNew Canaan, ConnMark Powley1983153167
  • BrinkTLYesavageJALumOHeersemaPHAdeyMRoseTLScreening tests for geriatric depressionClin Gerontol1982113743
  • YesavageJABrinkTLRoseTLDevelopment and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary reportJ Psychiatr Res198217137497183759
  • SheikhJIYesavageJA9/Geriatric depression scale (GDS) recent evidence and development of a shorter versionClin Gerontol198651–2165173
  • BeckATSteerRABrownGKBeck depression inventory-IISan Antonio1996782490498
  • RadloffLSThe CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general populationAppl Psychol Meas197713385401
  • KohoutFJBerkmanLFEvansDACornoni-HuntleyJTwo shorter forms of the CES-D depression symptoms indexJ Aging Health19935217919310125443
  • AndresenEMMalmgrenJACarterWBPatrickDLScreening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of short form of the CES-DPrev Med1994107784
  • van de VeldeSLevecqueKBrackePMeasurement equivalence of the CES-D 8 in the general population in Belgium: a gender perspectiveArch Public Health200967115
  • AgrellBDehlinOComparison of six depression rating scales in geriatric stroke patientsStroke1989209119011942772980
  • TurnerJARomanoJMSelf-report screening measures for depression in chronic pain patientsJ Clin Psychol19844049099136480856
  • CarollBFieldingJBlashkiTDepression rating scales: a critical reviewArch Gen Psychiatry1973283613664688625
  • GabrysJBPetersKReliabilityPKReliability, Discriminant and predictive validity of the Zung Self-Rating Depression ScalePsychol Rep1985573_suppl109110964095223
  • KnightRGWaal-ManningHJSpearsGFSome norms and reliability data for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Zung Self-Rating Depression ScaleBr J Clin Psychol19832242452496640176
  • DunnVKSaccoWPPsychometric evaluation of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale using an elderly community samplePsychol Aging1989411251262803606
  • de JongheJFMBanekeJJThe Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale: a replication study on reliability, validity and predictionPsychol Rep1989643833834
  • DuganWMcDonaldMVPassikSDRosenfeldBDTheobaldDEdgertonSUse of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in cancer patients: feasibility as a screening toolPsychooncology1998764834939885089
  • KiveläS-LPahkalaKTervoR-RPrevalence of depressive symptoms among an elderly Finnish populationNordisk Psykiatrisk Tidsskrift19864014550
  • McGarveyBGallagherDThompsonLZelinskiEReliability and factor structure of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in 3 age- groupsEssence198252141152
  • BerryJMStorandtMCoyneAAge and sex differences in somatic complaints associated with depressionJ Gerontol19843944654676588128
  • ZungWWRichardsCBShortMJSelf-rating depression scale in an outpatient clinic: further validation of the SDSArch Gen Psychiatry19651365085154378854
  • HathawaySRMcKinleyJCThe Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Rev ed, 2nd printingMinneapolis, MN, USUniversity of Minnesota Press1943
  • ZungWWFactors influencing the self-rating depression scaleArch Gen Psychiatry19671655435474381571
  • ZungWWThe depression status inventory: an adjunct to the self- rating depression scaleJ Clin Psychol19722845395435080837
  • BiggsJTWylieLTZieglerVEValidity of the Zung Self-Rating Depression ScaleBr J Psychiatry19781324381385638392
  • HamiltonMA rating scale for depressionJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry19602315614399272
  • BeckAWardCMendelsonMMockJErbaughJAn inventory for measuringArch Gen Psychiatry1961456157113688369
  • BeckATBeamesderferAAssessment of depression: the depression inventoryPsychological Measurements in Psychopharmacology7ParisKarger Publishers1974151169
  • BeckATBeckRWScreening depressed patients in family practice: a rapid technicPostgrad Med197252681854635613
  • KernerSAJacobsKWCorrelation between scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and the Zung Self-Rating Depression ScalePsychol Rep19835339699706657845
  • ÅsbergMMontgomerySPerrisCSchallingDSedvallGA comprehensive psychopathological rating scaleActa Psychiatr Scand197857S271527
  • AlexopoulosGSAbramsRCYoungRCShamoianCACornell scale for depression in dementiaBiol Psychiatry19882332712843337862
  • SaccoWThe Depression Symptom ChecklistUniversity of South Florida, Department of Psychology1983
  • SteuerJBankLOlsenEJDepressionJLFPhysical health and somatic complaints in the elderly a study of the Zung Self-Rating Depression ScaleJ Gerontol19803556836887430563
  • PassikSDLundbergJCRosenfeldBFactor analysis of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in a large ambulatory oncology samplePsychosomatics200041212112710749949
  • ShaferABMeta-analysis of the factor structures of four depression questionnaires: Beck, CES-D, Hamilton, and ZungJ Clin Psychol200662112314616287149
  • RomeraIDelgado-CohenHPerezTCaballeroLGilaberteIFactor analysis of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in a large sample of patients with major depressive disorder in primary careBMC Psychiatry200881418194524
  • BlumenthalMDMeasuring depressive symptomatology in a general populationArch Gen Psychiatry19753289719781156115
  • HarperRGKotik-HarperDKirbyHPsychometric assessment of depression in an elderly general medical population: over- or under- assessment?J Nerv Ment Dis199017821131192299335
  • WatsonLCLewisCLKistlerCEAmickHRBoustaniMCan we trust depression screening instruments in healthy ‘old-old’ adults?Int J Geriatr Psychiatry200419327828515027044
  • SmarrKLKeeferALMeasures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)Arthritis Care Res201163S11454466
  • StilesPGMcGarrahanJFThe Geriatric Depression Scale: a comprehensive reviewJ Clin Geropsychol1998490110
  • RuleBGHarveyHZADobbsARReliability of the Geriatric Depression Scale for younger adultsClin Gerontol1990923743
  • LesherEValidation of the Geriatric Depression Scale among nursing home residentsClin Gerontol1986442128
  • RappSRParisiSAWalshDAWallaceCEDetecting depression in elderly medical inpatientsJ Consult Clin Psychol19885645093198807
  • SnyderAGStanleyMANovyDMAverillPMBeckJGMeasures of depression in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A psychometric evaluationDepress Anxiety200011311412010875052
  • ParmeleePALawtonMPKatzIRPsychometric properties of the Geriatric Depression Scale among the institutionalized agedPsychol Assess198914331
  • SmalbruggeMJongenelisLPotAMBeekmanATEefstingJAScreening for depression and assessing change in severity of depression. Is the Geriatric Depression Scale (30-, 15- and 8-item versions) useful for both purposes in nursing home patients?Aging Ment Health200812224424818389405
  • LopezMNQuanNMCarvajalPMA psychometric study of the Geriatric Depression ScaleEur J Psychol Assess20102615560
  • FolsteinMFFolsteinSEMcHughPR“Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinicianJ Psychiatr Res19751231891981202204
  • SpitzerRLEndicottJRobinsEResearch diagnostic criteria: rationale and reliabilityArch Gen Psychiatry1978356773782655775
  • SpielbergerCGorsuchRLusheneRVaggPJacobsGManual for the State-Trait Anxiety InventoryPalo Alto, CAConsulting Psychologists Press Inc.1983
  • FrischMBCornellJVillanuevaMRetzlaffPJClinical validation of the Quality of Life Inventory: a measure of satisfaction for use in treatment planning and outcome assessmentPsychol Assess1992492101
  • FrischMBQuality of Life Inventory: Manual and Treatment GuideNational Computer Systems (NCS)Minneapolis, MN1994
  • FeherEPLarrabeeGJCrookTHFactors attenuating the validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale in a dementia populationJ Am Geriatr Soc19924099069091512387
  • KornerALLAbelskovKGulmannNBrodersenMAWedervang- JensenTMarie KjeldgaardMKThe Geriatic Depression Scale and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. A validity studyNord J Psychiatry200660536036417050293
  • WancataJAlexandrowiczRMarquartBWeissMFriedrichFThe criterion validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale: a systematic reviewActa Psychiatr Scand2006114639841017087788
  • OttBRFogelBSMeasurement of depression in dementia: self vs clinician ratingInt J Geriatr Psychiatry1992712899904
  • HyerLBlountJConcurrent and discriminant validities of the Geriatric Depression Scale with older psychiatric inpatientsPsychol Rep19845426116166739655
  • LichtenbergPASteinerDAMarcopulosBATabscottJAComparison of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale: detection of depression in dementia patientsPsychol Rep19927025155211598370
  • BentzBGHallJRAssessment of depression in a geriatric inpatient cohort: a comparison of the BDI and GDSInt J Clin Health Psychol20088193104
  • Allen-BurgeRStorandtMKinscherfDARubinEHSex differences in the sensitivity of two self-report depression scales in older depressed inpatientsPsychol Aging1994934437999328
  • SheikhJIYesavageJABrooksJOProposed factor structure of the Geriatric Depression ScaleInt Psychogeriatr19913123281863703
  • SalameroMMarcosTFactor study of the geriatric depression scaleActa Psychiatr Scand19928642832861456071
  • AdamsKBMattoHCSandersSConfirmatory factor analysis of the geriatric depression scaleGerontologist200444681882615611218
  • KimGDecosterJHuangC-HBryantANA meta-analysis of the factor structure of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): the effects of languageInt Psychogeriatr2013251718122929164
  • MontorioIIzalMThe Geriatric Depression Scale: a review of its development and utilityInt Psychogeriatr199681103112
  • OlinJTSchneiderLSEatonEMZemanskyMFPollockVEThe Geriatric Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory as screening instruments in an older adult outpatient populationPsychol Assess199242190
  • GallagherNWiseGA theoretical analysis of the properties of median filtersIEEE Trans Acoust198129611361141
  • LesherELBerryhillJSValidation of the geriatric depression scale- short form among inpatientsJ Clin Psychol19945022562608014251
  • CwikelJRKThe short GDS: Evaluation in a heterogeneous multilingual populationClin Gerontol198886371
  • BakerFMillerCLScreening a skilled nursing home population for depressionTopics in Geriatrics199144218221
  • BurkeWJRoccaforteWHWengelSPThe short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale: a comparison with the 30-item formTop Geriatrics199143173178
  • PocklingtonCGilbodySManeaLMcMillanDThe diagnostic accuracy of brief versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale: a systematic review and meta-analysisInt J Geriatr Psychiatry201631883785726890937
  • OrganizationWHThe ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Diagnostic Criteria for ResearchGeneva, NYWHO1993
  • van MarwijkHWallacePde BockGHHermansJKapteinAAMulderJDEvaluation of the feasibility, reliability and diagnostic value of shortened versions of the geriatric depression scaleBr J Gen Pract1995453931951997612321
  • FriedmanBHeiselMJDelavanRLPsychometric properties of the 15-item geriatric depression scale in functionally impaired, cognitively intact, community-dwelling elderly primary care patientsJ Am Geriatr Soc20055391570157616137289
  • MalakoutiSKFatollahiPMirabzadehASalavatiMReliabilityZTValidity and factor structure of the GDS-15 in Iranian elderlyInt J Geriatr Psychiatry200621658859316783767
  • MontgomerySAÅsbergMA new depression scale designed to be sensitive to changeBr J Psychiatry19791344382389444788
  • HerrmannNMittmannNSilverILA validation study of the Geriatric Depression Scale short formInt J Geriatr Psychiatry1996115457460
  • SheehanDLecrubierYSheehanKThe Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10J Clin Psychiatry1998593459 Suppl 202233
  • BrownPJWoodsCMStorandtMModel stability of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale across cognitive impairment and severe depressionPsychol Aging200722237217563192
  • MitchellAJBirdVRizzoMMeaderNDiagnostic validity and added value of the Geriatric Depression Scale for depression in primary care: a meta-analysis of GDS30 and GDS15J Affect Disord20101251101719800132
  • MitchellAJBirdVRizzoMMeaderNWhich version of the geriatric depression scale is most useful in medical settings and nursing homes? Diagnostic validity meta-analysisAm J Geriatr Psychiatry201018121066107721155144
  • GoldbergDUse of the general health questionnaire in clinical workBr Med J (Clin Res)198629311881189
  • MitchellAJWhy doesn’t depression treatment improve cancer survival?Lancet Psychiatry20185428929129544712
  • AlansariBMInventoryBDBDI-II items characteristics among undergraduate students of nineteen Islamic countriesSoc Behav Pers2005337675684
  • CamposRCGonçalvesBThe Portuguese version of the beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II)Eur J Psychol Assess2011274258264
  • KapciEGUsluRTurkcaparHKaraoglanABeck Depression Inventory II: evaluation of the psychometric properties and cut-off points in a Turkish adult populationDepress Anxiety20082510104110
  • GhassemzadehHMojtabaiRKaramghadiriNEbrahimkhaniNPsychometric Properties of a Persian-Language Version of the Beck Depression Inventory2nd ed212005185192
  • Gomes-OliveiraMHGorensteinCLotufo NetoFAndradeLHWangYPValidation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a community sampleRev Bras Psiquiatr201234438939423429809
  • VanvoorhisCRWBlumentrittTLPsychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a clinically-identified sample of Mexican American adolescentsJournal of Child and Family Studies2007166789798
  • WiebeJSPenleyJAA psychometric comparison of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in English and SpanishPsychol Assess200517448116393015
  • BeckASteerRBeck Anxiety Inventory ManualSan Antonio, TXThe Psychological Corporation1993
  • Association APDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)4th edWashingtonAmerican Psychiatric Press1994
  • WarmenhovenFvan RijswijkEEngelsYThe Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and a single screening question as screening tools for depressive disorder in Dutch advanced cancer patientsSupport Care Cancer201220231932421243377
  • GallagherDNiesGThompsonLWReliability of the Beck Depression Inventory with older adultsJ Consult Clin Psychol19825011527056913
  • NorrisMPArnauRCBramsonRMeagherMWThe efficacy of somatic symptoms in assessing depression in older primary care patientsClin Gerontol2004271–24357
  • SegalDLCoolidgeFLCahillBSO’RileyAAPsychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory – II (BDI-II) among community-dwelling older adultsBehav Modif200832132018096969
  • Rodríguez-GómezJRDávila-MartínezMGCollazo-RodríguezLCFactor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-(BDI-II) with Puerto Rican elderlyP R Health Sci J200625212713217203709
  • LowGDHubleyAMScreening for depression after cardiac events using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Geriatric Depression ScaleSoc Indic Res2007823527
  • JeffersonALPowersDVPopeMBeck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the geriatric depression scale (GDS) in older womenClin Gerontol2001223–4312
  • SteerRARissmillerDJBeckATUse of Beck Depression Inventory-II with depressed geriatric inpatientsBehav Res Ther200038331131810665163
  • PenleyJAWiebeJSNwosuAPsychometric properties of the Spanish Beck Depression Inventory-II in a medical samplePsychol Assess200315456914692850
  • AşMSşIBăbanASAssociation of cognitive-emotional regulation strategies to depressive symptoms in type 2 diabetes patientsRom J Intern Med2018561344028976911
  • SeniorACKunikMERhoadesHMNovyDMWilsonNLStanleyMAUtility of telephone assessments in an older adult populationPsychol Aging200722239217563195
  • WarrenWLRevised Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (RHRSD)Los Angeles, CAWestern Psychological Services1994
  • BeckATSteerRABHS, Beck Hopelessness ScaleSan Antonio, TXManual Psycho logical Corporation1988
  • BeckATKovacsMWeissmanAAssessment of suicidal intention: the scale for suicide ideationJ Consult Clin Psychol1979472343469082
  • CoolidgeFLCoolidge Axis II Inventory ManualColorado Springs, COAuthor2004
  • RyffCDHappiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-beingJ Pers Soc Psychol19895761069
  • CohenSKamarckTMermelsteinRA global measure of perceived stressJ Health Soc Behav19832443853966668417
  • SteerRABallRRanieriWFBeckATFurther evidence for the construct validity of the Beck depression Inventory-II with psychiatric outpatientsPsychol Rep19978024434469129364
  • PicconiLBalsamoMPalumboRFairfieldBTesting factor structure and measurement invariance across gender with Italian Geriatric Anxiety ScaleFront Psychol20189116430026718
  • AtBSteerRGarbinMPsychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluationClin Psychol Rev1998877100
  • Krell-RoeschJLoweVJNeureiterJDepressive and anxiety symptoms and cortical amyloid deposition among cognitively normal elderly persons: the Mayo Clinic Study of AgingInt Psychogeriatr201830224525129198244
  • ArnauRCMeagherMWNorrisMPBramsonRPsychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with primary care medical patientsHealth Psychol20012011211911315728
  • HuntMAuriemmaJCashawASelf-report bias and underreporting of depression on the BDI-IIJ Pers Assess200380263012584064
  • UrbinaSEssentials of Psychological TestingHoboken, NJJohn Wiley & Sons2014
  • EdelsteinBAWoodheadELSegalDLOlder adult psychological assessment: Current instrument status and related considerationsClin Gerontol2007313135
  • WagleAHoLWagleSBerriosGPsychometric behaviour of BDI in Alzheimer’s disease patients with depressionInt J Geriatr Psychiatry2000151636910637406
  • BrinkTClinical Gerontology: A Guide to Assessment and InterventionNew York, NYRoutledge2014
  • RadloffLSTeriLUse of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depres sion Scale with older adultsClin Gerontol198651–2119136
  • HertzogCvan AlstineJUsalaPDHultschDFDixonRMeasurement properties of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in older populationsPsychol Assess19902164
  • O’RourkeNFactor structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CES–D) among older men and women who provide care to persons with dementiaInt J Test200553265277
  • MillerTQMarkidesKSBlackSAThe factor structure of the CES-D in two surveys of elderly Mexican AmericansJ Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci1997525S259S2699310098
  • NohSKasparVChenXMeasuring depression in Korean immigrants: assessing validity of the translated Korean version of CES-D scaleCross Cult Res1998324358377
  • MaqsoodFFlattJDAlbertSMCorrelates of self-reported depressive symptoms: a study of older persons of Punjab, PakistanJ Cross Cult Gerontol2013281657423242697
  • ChokkanathanSMohantyJFactor structure of the CES-D scale among older adults in Chennai, IndiaAging Ment Health201317451752523323570
  • St JohnPDTyasSLMontgomeryPRDepressive symptoms and frailtyInt J Geriatr Psychiatry201328660761422961757
  • DozemanEvan SchaikDJvan MarwijkHWStekMLvan der HorstHEBeekmanATThe Center for Epidemiological Studies Depres sion Scale (CES-D) is an adequate screening instrument for depressive and anxiety disorders in a very old population living in residential homesInt J Geriatr Psychiatry201126323924620623777
  • MalakoutiSKPachanaNANajiBKahaniSReliabilitySMValidity and factor structure of the CES-D in Iranian elderlyAsian J Psychiatr201518869026442988
  • ComstockGWHelsingKJSymptoms of depression in two communitiesPsychol Med197764551563
  • ScheinRLKoenigHGThe Center for Epidemiological Studies- Depression (CES-D) Scale: assessment of depression in the medically ill elderlyInt J Geriatr Psychiatry19971244364469178047
  • BeekmanATDeegDvan LimbeekJBraamAWde VriesMvan TilburgWBrief communication: criterion validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D): results from a community-based sample of older subjects in the NetherlandsPsychol Med19972712312359122304
  • LynessJMNoelTKCoxCKingDAConwellYCaineEDScreening for depression in elderly primary care patients: a comparison of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale and the Geriatric Depression ScaleArch Intern Med199715744494549046897
  • HaringsmaREngelsGBeekmanASpinhovenPThe criterion validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a sample of self-referred elders with depressive symptomatologyInt J Geriatr Psychiatry200419655856315211536
  • IrwinMArtinKHOxmanMNScreening for depression in the older adult: criterion validity of the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)Arch Intern Med1999159151701170410448771
  • KarimJWeiszRBibiZur RehmanSValidation of the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) among older adultsCurr Psychol2015671681692
  • MohebbiMNguyenVMcNeilJJPsychometric properties of a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES- D-10) scale for screening depressive symptoms in healthy community dwelling older adultsGen Hosp Psychiatry20185111812528890280
  • GellisZDAssessment of a brief CES-D measure for depression in homebound medically ill older adultsJ Gerontol Soc Work201053428930320461617
  • Márquez-GonzálezMLosadaAFernández-FernándezVPachanaNAPsychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Geriatric Anxiety InventoryInt Psychogeriatr201224113714421813040
  • GórkiewiczMChmielIThe Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D): is it suitable for use with older adults?Stud Logic Grammar Rhetoric2015431229243
  • ZhangBFokkemaMCuijpersPLiJSmitsNBeekmanAMeasurement invariance of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) among Chinese and Dutch elderlyBMC Med Res Methodol20111117421595982
  • LiuJWangYWangXSongRYiXReliability and validity of the Chinese version of geriatric depression scale among Chinese urban community-dwelling elderly populationChinese J Clin Psychol20132113941
  • LueBHChenLJWuSCHealth WS-CHealth, financial stresses, and life satisfaction affecting late-life depression among older adults: a nationwide, longitudinal survey in TaiwanArch Gerontol Geriatr201050Suppl 1S34S3820171454
  • LeeSWStewartSMByrneBMFactor structure of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale in Hong Kong adolescentsJ Pers Assess200890217518418444112
  • SeplakiCLGoldmanNWeinsteinMLinYHBefore and after the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake: traumatic events and depressive symptoms in an older populationSoc Sci Med200662123121313216423437
  • MillerWCAntonHATownsonAFMeasurement properties of the CESD scale among individuals with spinal cord injurySpinal Cord200846428729217909558
  • WeissRBAderkaIMLeeJBeardCBjörgvinssonTA comparison of three brief depression measures in an acute psychiatric population: CES-D-10, QIDS-SR, and DASS-21-DEPJ Psychopathol Behav Assess2015372217230
  • ZigmondASSnaithRPThe hospital anxiety and depression scaleActa Psychiatr Scand19836763613706880820
  • WatsonDClarkLAThe mood and anxiety symptom questionnaireUnpublished manuscriptUniversity of Iowa, Department of PsychologyIowa City1991
  • RobertsKEHartTAEastwoodJDFactor structure and validity of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic AnxietyPsychol Assess201628213426011481
  • MeyerTJMillerMLMetzgerRLBorkovecTDDevelopment and validation of the Penn State Worry QuestionnaireBehav Res Ther19902864874952076086
  • KnightRGWilliamsSMcGeeROlamanSPsychometric properties of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a sample of women in middle lifeBehav Res Ther19973543733809134792
  • KnightRGMcMahonJSkeaffCMGreenTJNormative data for persons over 65 on the Penn State Worry QuestionnaireNZ J Psychol200837149
  • ReeMJFrenchDMacleodCLockeVDistinguishing cognitive and somatic dimensions of state and trait anxiety: development and validation of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA)Behav Cogn Psychoter2008363313332
  • KuźmiczIBrzostekTGórkiewiczMBarthel questionnaire as measurement tool for physical independence of older adultsMedical Studies2008121721
  • ScottJHuskissonECGraphic representation of painPain1976221751841026900
  • BaileyGAKoepsellTDBelcherDWReliability of two measures of life stress among outpatients at a Veterans HospitalAm J Public Health19847477237246742260
  • WatsonDClarkLATellegenADevelopment and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scalesJ Pers Soc Psychol198854610633397865
  • DienerEEmmonsRALarsenRJGriffinSThe satisfaction with life scaleJ Pers Assess1985491717516367493
  • LubbenJEAssessing social networks among elderly populationsFam Commun Health19881134252
  • GalaskoDBennettDSanoMAn inventory to assess activities of daily living for clinical trials in Alzheimer’s diseaseAlzheimer Dis Assoc Disord19971133399305513
  • MissinneSVandeviverCvan de VeldeSBrackePMeasurement equivalence of the CES-D 8 depression-scale among the ageing population in eleven European countriesSoc Sci Res201446384724767588
  • Foundation ESThe European Social Survey (ESS)2012 Available from: http://www.esf.org/
  • ScheierMFCarverCSBridgesMWDistinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation TestJ Pers Soc Psychol1994676106310787815302
  • IlardiBCLeoneDKasserRRyanRMEmployee and supervisor ratings of motivation: main effects and discrepancies associated with job satisfaction and adjustment in a factory settingJ Appl Soc Psychol1994232117891805
  • RosenbergMSociety and the Adolescent Self-ImagePrinceton University PressPrinceton
  • NormanSBCissellSHMeans-ChristensenAJSteinMBDevelopment and validation of an overall anxiety severity and impairment scale (OASIS)Depress Anxiety200623424524916688739
  • Boutin-FosterCAn item-level analysis of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) by race and ethnicity in patients with coronary artery diseaseInt J Geriatr Psychiatry200823101034103918425993
  • BoydJHWeissmanMMThompsonWDMyersJKScreening for depression in a community sample. Understanding the discrepancies between depression symptom and diagnostic scalesArch Gen Psychiatry19823910119512007125849
  • MyersJKWeissmanMMUse of a self-report symptom scale to detect depression in a community sampleAm J Psychiatry19801379108110847425160
  • RobertsREVernonSWThe Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: its use in a community sampleAm J Psychiatry1983140141466847983
  • MelchiorLAHubaGBrownVBRebackCJA short depression index for womenEduc Psychol Meas199353411171125
  • SantorDACoyneJCShortening the CES-D to improve its ability to detect cases of depressionPsychol Assess199793233
  • BrackePLevecqueKVan de VeldeSThe Psychometric Properties of the CES-D 8 Depression Inventory and the Estimation of Cross- National Differences in the True Prevalence of DepressionUniversity of Leuven2008
  • BaronECDaviesTLundCValidation of the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) in Zulu, Xhosa and Afrikaans populations in South AfricaBMC Psychiatry2017171628068955
  • ChengSTChanACFungHHFactorial structure of a short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression ScaleInt J Geriatr Psychiatry200621433333616570325
  • van de VeldeSBrackePLevecqueKGender differences in depression in 23 European countries. Cross-national variation in the gender gap in depressionSoc Sci Med201071230531320483518
  • ConwellYBrentDSuicide and aging. I: patterns of psychiatric diagnosisInt Psychogeriatr1995721491648829424
  • JuurlinkDNHerrmannNSzalaiJPKoppARedelmeierDAMedical illness and the risk of suicide in the elderlyArch Intern Med2004164111179118415197042
  • National Institute for Clinical ExcellenceDepression Management of depression in primary and secondary careClinical Guideline200423315
  • Bolla-WilsonKBleeckerMLAbsence of depression in elderly adultsJ Gerontol1989442P53P552921476
  • CairneyJCornaLMVeldhuizenSHerrmannNStreinerDLComorbid depression and anxiety in later life: patterns of association, subjective well-being, and impairmentAm J Geriatr Psychiatry200816320120818310551
  • McGivneySAMulvihillMTaylorBValidating the GDS depression screen in the nursing homeJ Am Geriatr Soc19944254904928176142
  • DozoisDJADobsonKSThe Prevention of Anxiety and Depression: Theory, Research, and PracticeWhashington, DCAmerican Psychological Association2002
  • FaravelliCAlbanesiGPoliEAssessment of depression: a comparison of rating scalesJ Affect Disord19861132452532951412
  • AngstJAzorinJMBowdenCLPrevalence and characteristics of undiagnosed bipolar disorders in patients with a major depressive episode: the BRIDGE studyArch Gen Psychiatry201168879179921810644
  • ManningJSHaykalRFConnorPDAkiskalHSOn the nature of depressive and anxious states in a family practice setting: the high prevalence of bipolar II and related disorders in a cohort followed longitudinallyCompr Psychiatry19973821021089056129
  • BenazziFPrevalence of bipolar II disorder in outpatient depression: a 203-case study in private practiceJ Affect Disord19974321631669165385
  • YoungAHBipolar disorder: diagnostic conundrums and associated comorbiditiesJ Clin Psychiatry2009708e2619758515
  • InnamoratiMLesterDBalsamoMFactor validity of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in Italian medical patientsJournal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment2014362300307
  • BalsamoMMacchiaACarlucciLMeasurement of external shame: an inside viewJournal of Personality Assessment2015971818925157581