A Simple Bedside Screening Tool for Spasticity Referral

References

• Pfister AA, Roberts AG, Taylor HM, Noel-Spaudling S, Damian MM, Charles PD. Spasticity in adults living in a developmental center. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(12):1808. doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00368-x.14669188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turchan M, Hudson TS, Gill CE, et al. The prevalence of spasticity in veterans living in a long-term care facility. Int J Neurol Neurother. 2017;3(5):2–5. doi:10.23937/2378-3001/3/5/1056
   Google Scholar
• Gill CE, Hacker ML, Meystedt J, et al. Prevalence of spasticity in nursing home residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;In Press. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandyan AD, Gregoric M, Barnes MP, et al. Spasticity: clinical perceptions, neurological realities and meaningful measurement. Disabil Rehabil. 2005;27(1–2):2–6. doi:10.1080/0963828040001457615799140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pattuwage L, Olver J, Martin C, et al. Management of spasticity in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2017;32(2):E1–E12. doi:10.1097/HTR.0000000000000234
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommerfeld DK, Eek EU-B, Svensson A-K, Holmqvist LW, von Arbin MH. Spasticity after stroke. Stroke. 2004;35(1):134–140. doi:10.2165/00002512-199609050-0000414684785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganapathy V, Graham GD, Dibonaventura MD, Gillard PJ, Goren A, Zorowitz RD. Caregiver burden, productivity loss, and indirect costs associated with caring for patients with poststroke spasticity. Clin Interv Aging. 2015. doi:10.2147/CIA.S91123
   Google Scholar
• Milligan J, Ryan K, Lee J. Demystifying spasticity in primary care. Can Fam Physician. 2019;65(10):697–703.31604736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris-Kojetin L, Sengupta M, Park-Lee E, et al. Long-Term Care Providers and Services Users in the United States: Data from the National Study of Long-Term Care Providers, 2013–2014. Vital Health Stat 2016;3:1–105. Available from : https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/gpo116380/sr03_038.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver M, Inaba K, Tang A, et al. The changing epidemiology of spinal trauma: a 13-year review from a level i trauma centre. Injury. 2012;43(8):1296–1300. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2012.04.02122648015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih LC, Tarsy D, Okun MS. The current state and needs of north american movement disorders fellowship programs. Parkinsons Dis. 2013;2013. doi: 10.1155/2013/701426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayce L, Hudson T, Heusinkveld LE, Currie AD, Hacker ML, Charles D. Spasticity diagnosis and treatment in the United States-a priority for our aging population. Int J Neurorehabilitation. 2016;3(3). doi:10.4172/2376-0281.1000216
   Google Scholar
• Hudson T, Turchan M, Gill C, et al. Inter-rater reliability of a novel spasticity diagnostic algorithm. Tennessee Med E J. 2018;3(3).
   Google Scholar
• Johnson GR. Outcome measures of spasticity. Eur J Neurol Suppl. 2002;9(1):10–16. doi:10.1046/j.1468-1331.2002.0090s1010.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh JTC, Wolfe DL, Miller WC, Curt A. Spasticity outcome measures in spinal cord injury: psychometric properties and clinical utility. Spinal Cord. 2008;46(2):86–95. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.310212517909559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moons KGM, Donders ART, Steyerberg EW, Harrell FE. Penalized maximum likelihood estimation to directly adjust diagnostic and prognostic prediction models for overoptimism: a clinical example. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004;57(12):1262–1270. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.01.02015617952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akobeng AK. Understanding diagnostic tests 2: likelihood ratios, pre- and post-test probabilities and their use in clinical practice. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr. 2007;96(4):487–491. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2006.00179.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashton-Prolla P, Giacomazzi J, Schmidt AV, et al. Development and validation of a simple questionnaire for the identification of hereditary breast cancer in primary care. BMC Cancer. 2009;9(1):283. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-28319682358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieper J, Srinivasan S, Zamani O, et al. Comparison of two referral strategies for diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis: the Recognising and Diagnosing Ankylosing Spondylitis Reliably (RADAR) study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(10):1621–1627. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-20177723065731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biering-Sørensen F, Nielsen JB, Klinge K. Spasticity-assessment: A review. Spinal Cord. 2006;44(12):708–722. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.310192816636687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zorowitz RD, Wein TH, Dunning K, et al. A screening tool to identify Spasticity in need of treatment. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;96(5):315–320. doi:10.1097/PHM.000000000000060527552355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierson SH. Outcome measures in spasticity management. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;6:36–60. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(1997)6+<36::aid-mus5>3.3.co;2-e
   Google Scholar
• Satkunam LE. Rehabilitation medicine: 3. Management of adult spasticity. CMAJ. 2003;169(11):1173–9.14638654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson AJ. Clinical management of spasticity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(4):459. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.035972.15774425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goetzinger KR, Tuuli MG, Odibo AO. Statistical analysis and interpretation of prenatal diagnostic imaging studies, part 3: approach to study design. J Ultrasound Med. 2011;30(10):1415–1423. doi:10.7863/jum.2011.30.10.141521968494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magaziner J, German P, Zimmerman SI, et al. The prevalence of dementia in a statewide sample of new nursing home admissions aged 65 and older: diagnosis by expert panel. Gerontologist. 2000;40(6):663–672. doi:10.1093/geront/40.6.66311131083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar