Calf Circumference as an Optimal Choice of Four Screening Tools for Sarcopenia Among Ethnic Chinese Older Adults in Assisted Living

References

• Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16–31. doi:10.1093/ageing/afy16930312372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, et al. Asian working group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(3):300–307 e302. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.01232033882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley JE, Anker SD, von Haehling S. Prevalence, incidence, and clinical impact of sarcopenia: facts, numbers, and epidemiology-update 2014. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014;5(4):253–259. doi:10.1007/s13539-014-0161-y25425503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanimoto Y, Watanabe M, Sun W, et al. Association between muscle mass and disability in performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in community-dwelling elderly in Japan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;54(2):e230–e233. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2011.06.01521831461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hairi NN, Cumming RG, Naganathan V, et al. Loss of muscle strength, mass (sarcopenia), and quality (specific force) and its relationship with functional limitation and physical disability: the concord health and ageing in men project. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(11):2055–2062.21054284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, et al. Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(1):72–77. doi:10.1093/gerona/61.1.7216456196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ida S, Murata K, Nakadachi D, et al. Development of a Japanese version of the SARC-F for diabetic patients: an examination of reliability and validity. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017;29(5):935–942. doi:10.1007/s40520-016-0668-527832470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ida S, Kaneko R, Murata K. SARC-F for screening of sarcopenia among older adults: a meta-analysis of screening test accuracy. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(8):685–689. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2018.04.00129778639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Y, Chen J, Chen X, Hou L, Lin X, Yang M. Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in nursing home residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;20(1):5–13. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2018.09.01230409494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi AP, Micciolo R, Rubele S, et al. Assessing the risk of sarcopenia in the elderly: the Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment (MSRA) questionnaire. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(6):743–749. doi:10.1007/s12603-017-0921-428537342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age and Ageing. 2010;39(4):412–423. doi:10.1093/ageing/afq03420392703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lear SA, Humphries KH, Kohli S, Chockalingam A, Frohlich JJ, Birmingham CL. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation differs according to ethnic background: results of the Multicultural Community Health Assessment Trial (M-CHAT). Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(2):353–359. doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.2.35317684205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng Y, Hu X, Xie L, Han Z, Zuo Y, Yang M. The prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese elderly nursing home residents: a comparison of 4 diagnostic criteria. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(8):690–695. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2018.04.01529891183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang A-C, Liu L-K, Lee W-J, Peng L-N, Chen L-K. Calf circumference as a screening instrument for appendicular muscle mass measurement. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(2):182–184. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami R, Murakami H, Sanada K, et al. Calf circumference as a surrogate marker of muscle mass for diagnosing sarcopenia in Japanese men and women. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2015;15(8):969–976. doi:10.1111/ggi.1237725243821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishioka S, Yamanouchi A, Matsushita T, Nishioka E, Mori N, Taguchi S. Validity of calf circumference for estimating skeletal muscle mass for Asian patients after stroke. Nutrition. 2020;111028. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.11102833139149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa-Silva TG, Menezes AMB, Bielemann RM, Malmstrom TK, Gonzalez MC, Grupo de Estudos em Composicao Corporal e N. Enhancing SARC-F: improving sarcopenia screening in the clinical practice. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(12):1136–1141. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.08.00427650212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang M, Hu X, Xie L, et al. Screening sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: SARC-F vs SARC-F combined with calf circumference (SARC-calF). J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(3):277e271–277 e278. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.12.01629477774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urzi F, Simunic B, Buzan E. Basis for sarcopenia screening with the SARC-CalF in nursing homes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18(11):991e995–991 e910. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.07.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang M, Lu J, Jiang J, Zeng Y, Tang H. Comparison of four sarcopenia screening tools in nursing home residents. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31(10):1481–1489. doi:10.1007/s40520-018-1083-x30539542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borson S, Scanlan J, Brush M, Vitaliano P, Dokmak A. The mini‐cog: a cognitive ‘vital signs’ measure for dementia screening in multi‐lingual elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000;15(11):1021–1027. doi:10.1002/1099-1166(200011)15:11<1021::AID-GPS234>3.0.CO;2-611113982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian working group for sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(2):95–101. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.02524461239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg HE, Tedner B, Tesch PA. Changes in lower limb muscle cross-sectional area and tissue fluid volume after transition from standing to supine. Acta Physiol Scand. 1993;148(4):379–385. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1993.tb09573.x8213193
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang M, Hu X, Xie L, et al. Comparing mini sarcopenia risk assessment with SARC-F for screening sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;20(1):53–57. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2018.04.01229909052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo J, Leung J, Morley JE. Validating the SARC-F: a suitable community screening tool for sarcopenia? J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(9):630–634. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.04.02124947762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44(3):837–845. doi:10.2307/25315953203132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer. 1950;3(1):32–35.15405679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen JF, Korevaar DA, Altman DG, et al. STARD 2015 guidelines for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies: explanation and elaboration. BMJ Open. 2016;6(11):e012799. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajian-Tilaki K. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for medical diagnostic test evaluation. Caspian J Intern Med. 2013;4(2):627–635.24009950
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leeflang MM, Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Hooft L, Bossuyt PM. Variation of a test’s sensitivity and specificity with disease prevalence. CMAJ. 2013;185(11):E537–E544. doi:10.1503/cmaj.12128623798453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo YH, Zhong J, Dong X, et al. Comparison of three screening methods for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older persons. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu TY, Liaw CK, Chen FC, Kuo KL, Chie WC, Yang RS. Sarcopenia screened with SARC-F questionnaire is associated with quality of life and 4-year mortality. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(12):1129–1135. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.07.02927666334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmstrom TK, Miller DK, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Morley JE. SARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(1):28–36. doi:10.1002/jcsm.1204827066316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim S, Kim M, Lee Y, Kim B, Yoon TY, Won CW. Calf circumference as a simple screening marker for diagnosing sarcopenia in older Korean adults: the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). J Korean Med Sci. 2018;33(20).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu R, Wong M, Leung J, Lee J, Auyeung TW, Woo J. Incidence, reversibility, risk factors and the protective effect of high body mass index against sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014;14(Suppl 1):15–28. doi:10.1111/ggi.1222024450557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez MC, Correia M, Heymsfield SB. A requiem for BMI in the clinical setting. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017;20(5):314–321. doi:10.1097/MCO.000000000000039528768291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai AC, Chang TL. The effectiveness of BMI, calf circumference and mid-arm circumference in predicting subsequent mortality risk in elderly Taiwanese. Br J Nutr. 2011;105(2):275–281. doi:10.1017/S000711451000342921129232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu WC, Tsai AC, Wang JY. Calf circumference is more effective than body mass index in predicting emerging care-need of older adults - results of a national cohort study. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(3):735–740. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2015.05.01726093536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee.
   Google Scholar