136
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Cervical Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum: Elaborating an Underappreciated but Occasional Contributor to Myeloradiculopathy in Aging Population Based on Synthesis of Individual Participant Data

ORCID Icon, , , & ORCID Icon
Pages 897-908 | Published online: 24 May 2021

References

  • Kim SI, Ha KY, Lee JW, et al. Prevalence and related clinical factors of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum-a computed tomography-based cross-sectional study. Spine J. 2018;18(4):551–557. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2017.08.24028823939
  • Shepard NA, Shenoy K, Cho W, et al. Extensive ossification of the ligamentum flavum treated with triple stage decompression: a case report. Spine J. 2015;15(4):e9–e14. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2014.12.011
  • Koizumi M. Three cases of spinal cord paralysis proved by ligamenta flava ossification. Rinsho-Geka (Clin Surg). 1962;17:1181–1188. Japanese.
  • Kubota M, Baba I, Sumida T. Myelopathy due to ossification of the ligamentum flavum of the cervical spine. A report of two cases. Spine. 1981;6(6):553–559. doi:10.1097/00007632-198111000-000056801782
  • Mak KH, Mak KL, Gwi-Mak E. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the cervicothoracic junction: case report on ossification found on both sides of the lamina. Spine. 2002;27(1):E11–E14. doi:10.1097/00007632-200201010-0002711805652
  • Chou YC, Lee CC, Yen PS, et al. Cough induced by ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the high cervical spine. Case report. J Neurosurg. 2004;100(4 Suppl):364–366. doi:10.3171/spi.2004.100.4.036415070145
  • Inoue H, Seichi A, Kimura A, et al. Multiple-level ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine combined with calcification of the cervical ligamentum flavum and posterior atlanto-axial membrane. Eur Spine J. 2013;22(Suppl 3):S416–S420. doi:10.1007/s00586-012-2521-723053758
  • He R, Fang H. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the upper cervical spine: a report of two cases and literature review. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(2):1734–1738. doi:10.3892/etm.2020.883432742402
  • Hasue M, Kikuchi S, Fujiwara M, et al. Roentgenographic analysis of ossification of the spinal ligament with special reference to the finding of the whole spine. Seikei Geka. 1980;31:1179–1186.
  • Al-Jarallah K, Al-Saeed O, Shehab D, et al. Ossification of ligamentum flavum in Middle East Arabs: a hospital-based study. Med Princ Pract. 2012;21(6):529–533. doi:10.1159/00033912022687823
  • Liang H, Liu G, Lu S, et al. Epidemiology of ossification of the spinal ligaments and associated factors in the Chinese population: a cross-sectional study of 2000 consecutive individuals. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):253. doi:10.1186/s12891-019-2569-131128588
  • Sonntag VK. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF): an increasing cause of cervical myelopathy. World Neurosurg. 2011;75(3–4):445–446. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2010.12.02221600492
  • Guo JJ, Luk KD, Karppinen J, et al. Prevalence, distribution, and morphology of ossification of the ligamentum flavum: a population study of one thousand seven hundred thirty-six magnetic resonance imaging scans. Spine. 2010;35(1):51–56. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b3f77920042956
  • Kotani Y, Takahata M, Abumi K, et al. Cervical myelopathy resulting from combined ossification of the ligamentum flavum and posterior longitudinal ligament: report of two cases and literature review. Spine J. 2013;13(1):e1–e6. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2012.10.038
  • Chachan S, Kasat NS, Keng PTL. Cervical myelopathy secondary to combined ossification of ligamentum flavum and posterior longitudinal ligament-A case report. Int J Spine Surg. 2018;12(2):121–125. doi:10.14444/501830276070
  • Ishikawa Y, Miyakoshi N, Hongo M, et al. Thin cervical spinal cord between ossifications of the ligamentum flavum and the posterior longitudinal ligament: case report and literature review. World Neurosurg. 2021;145:83–88. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.03332920158
  • Bakhsh W, Saleh A, Yokogawa N, et al. Cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a computed tomography-based epidemiological study of 2917 patients. Global Spine J. 2019;9(8):820–825. doi:10.1177/219256821983365831819847
  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339:b2535. doi:10.1136/bmj.b253519622551
  • Ono K, Yonenobu K, Miyamoto S, et al. Pathology of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999;359:18–26. doi:10.1097/00003086-199902000-00003
  • Nouri A, Tetreault L, Singh A, et al. Degenerative cervical myelopathy: epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis. Spine. 2015;40(12):E675–E693. doi:10.1097/BRS.000000000000091325839387
  • Yang J, Ni B, Xie N, et al. Surgical treatments of myelopathy caused by cervical ligamentum flavum ossification. World Neurosurg. 2011;75(3–4):546–550. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2010.10.04121600510
  • Geber J, Hammer N. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum in a nineteenth-century skeletal population sample from Ireland: using bioarchaeology to reveal a neglected spine pathology. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):9313. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27522-x29915206
  • Miyazawa N, Akiyama I. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum of the cervical spine. J Neurosurg Sci. 2007;51(3):139–144.17641578
  • Lang N, Yuan HS, Wang HL, et al. Epidemiological survey of ossification of the ligamentum flavum in thoracic spine: CT imaging observation of 993 cases. Eur Spine J. 2013;22(4):857–862. doi:10.1007/s00586-012-2492-822983651
  • Mori K, Kasahara T, Mimura T, et al. Prevalence, distribution, and morphology of thoracic ossification of the yellow ligament in Japanese: results of CT-based cross-sectional study. Spine. 2013;38(19):E1216–E1222. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31829e018b24509558
  • Ohara Y. Ossification of the ligaments in the cervical spine, including ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and Ossification of the ligamentum flavum. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2018;29(1):63–68. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2017.09.01829173437
  • Tetreault L, Goldstein CL, Arnold P, et al. Degenerative cervical myelopathy: a spectrum of related disorders affecting the aging spine. Neurosurgery. 2015;77(Suppl 4):S51–S67. doi:10.1227/NEU.000000000000095126378358
  • Takahashi T, Hanakita J, Minami M. Pathophysiology of calcification and ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2018;29(1):47–54. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2017.09.01629173435
  • Baron EM, Young WF. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a brief review of its pathophysiology, clinical course, and diagnosis. Neurosurgery. 2007;60(Supp1):S35–S41. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000215383.64386.8217204884
  • Christiano LD, Assina R, Goldstein IM. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum: a unique report of a Hispanic woman. Neurosurg Focus. 2011;30(3):E15. doi:10.3171/2011.1.FOCUS10266
  • Wang W, Kong L, Zhao H, et al. Thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum caused by skeletal fluorosis. Eur Spine J. 2007;16(8):1119–1128. doi:10.1007/s00586-006-0242-517075705
  • Kumar H, Boban M, Tiwari M. Skeletal fluorosis causing high cervical myelopathy. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(6):828–830. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2008.08.02819286383
  • Li H, Jiang LS, Dai LY. Hormones and growth factors in the pathogenesis of spinal ligament ossification. Eur Spine J. 2007;16(8):1075–1084. doi:10.1007/s00586-007-0356-417426989
  • Kobashi G, Washio M, Okamoto K, et al. High body mass index after age 20 and diabetes mellitus are independent risk factors for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine in Japanese subjects: a case-control study in multiple hospitals. Spine. 2004;29(9):1006–1010. doi:10.1097/00007632-200405010-0001115105673
  • Chaput CD, Siddiqui M, Rahm MD. Obesity and calcification of the ligaments of the spine: a comprehensive CT analysis of the entire spine in a random trauma population. Spine J. 2019;19(8):1346–1353. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2019.03.00330902702
  • Vera CL, Cure JK, Naso WB, et al. Paraplegia due to ossification of ligamenta flava in X-linked hypophosphatemia. A case report. Spine. 1997;22(6):710–715. doi:10.1097/00007632-199703150-000279089946
  • Miyasaka K, Kaneda K, Sato S, et al. Myelopathy due to ossification or calcification of the ligamentum flavum: radiologic and histologic evaluations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1983;4(3):629–632.6410817
  • Khan MH, Smith PN, Donaldson WF. Acute quadriparesis caused by calcification of the entire cervical ligamentum flavum in a white female–report of an unusual case and a brief review of the literature: case report. Spine. 2005;30(22):E687–E691. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000186472.88141.3816284581
  • Xu R, Sciubba DM, Gokaslan ZL, et al. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum in a Caucasian man. J Neurosurg Spine. 2008;9(5):427–437. doi:10.3171/SPI.2008.9.11.42718976173
  • Kawaguchi Y, Nakano M, Yasuda T, et al. Characteristics of ossification of the spinal ligament; incidence of ossification of the ligamentum flavum in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament - Analysis of the whole spine using multidetector CT. J Orthop Sci. 2016;21(4):439–445. doi:10.1016/j.jos.2016.04.00927183890