215
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

Anorexia of Aging: Metabolic Changes and Biomarker Discovery

ORCID Icon, , , &
Pages 1761-1767 | Received 23 Aug 2022, Accepted 24 Nov 2022, Published online: 13 Nov 2023

References

  • Landi F, Calvani R, Tosato M, et al. Anorexia of aging: risk factors, consequences, and potential treatments. Nutrients. 2016;8(2):69. doi:10.3390/nu8020069
  • Landi F, Picca A, Calvani R, Marzetti E. Anorexia of Aging. Clin Geriatr Med. 2017;33(3):315–323. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2017.02.004
  • Landi F, Russo A, Liperoti R, et al. Anorexia, physical function, and incident disability among the frail elderly population: results from the ilSIRENTE study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11(4):268–274. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2009.12.088
  • Kiesswetter E, Pohlhausen S, Uhlig K, et al. Malnutrition is related to functional impairment in older adults receiving home care. J Nutr Health Aging. 2013;17(4):345–350. doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0409-1
  • Dent E, Hoogendijk EO, Wright ORL. New insights into the anorexia of ageing. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2018;22(1):1. doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000525
  • Fried LP, Cohen AA, Xue Q-L, Walston J, Bandeen-Roche K, Varadhan R. The physical frailty syndrome as a transition from homeostatic symphony to cacophony. Nat Aging. 2021;1(1):36–46. doi:10.1038/S43587-020-00017-Z
  • Cederholm T, Barazzoni R, Austin P, et al. ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(1):49–64. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.004
  • Tsutsumimoto K, Doi T, Makizako H, et al. Aging-related anorexia and its association with disability and frailty. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018;9(5):834–843. doi:10.1002/JCSM.12330
  • Donini LM, Poggiogalle E, Piredda M, et al. Anorexia and eating patterns in the elderly. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63539. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063539
  • Prell T, Perner C. Disease specific aspects of malnutrition in neurogeriatric patients. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018;10:80. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00080
  • Wysokiński A, Sobów T, Kłoszewska I, Kostka T. Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging—a review. Age. 2015;37(4):9821. doi:10.1007/s11357-015-9821-x
  • Sanford AM. Anorexia of aging and its role for frailty. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017;20(1):54–60. doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000336
  • Hoogendijk EO, Flores Ruano T, Martínez-Reig M, et al. Socioeconomic position and malnutrition among older adults: results from the FRADEA study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(9):1086–1091. doi:10.1007/s12603-018-1061-1
  • Dent E. Anorexia of aging and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18(5):449–450. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.01.020
  • Sturm K, Parker B, Wishart J, et al. Energy intake and appetite are related to antral area in healthy young and older subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(3):656–667. doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.3.656
  • MacIntosh CG, Morley JE, Wishart J, et al. Effect of exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 on food intake and plasma CCK, leptin, and insulin concentrations in older and young adults: evidence for increased CCK activity as a cause of the anorexia of aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(12):5830–5837. doi:10.1210/JCEM.86.12.8107
  • Sturm K, MacIntosh CG, Parker BA, Wishart J, Horowitz M, Chapman IM. Appetite, food intake, and plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin, ghrelin, and other gastrointestinal hormones in undernourished older women and well-nourished young and older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(8):3747–3755. doi:10.1210/JC.2002-021656
  • Hickson M, Moss C, Dhillo WS, Bottin J, Frost G. Increased peptide YY blood concentrations, not decreased acyl-ghrelin, are associated with reduced hunger and food intake in healthy older women: preliminary evidence. Appetite. 2016;105:320–327. doi:10.1016/J.APPET.2016.06.002
  • Howick K, Griffin BT, Cryan JF, Schellekens H. From belly to brain: targeting the ghrelin receptor in appetite and food intake regulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(2):273. doi:10.3390/IJMS18020273
  • Miyake M, Hori S, Itami Y, et al. Supplementary oral anamorelin mitigates anorexia and skeletal muscle atrophy induced by gemcitabine plus cisplatin systemic chemotherapy in a mouse model. Cancers. 2020;12(7):1–17. doi:10.3390/CANCERS12071942
  • Temel JS, Abernethy AP, Currow DC, et al. Anamorelin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and cachexia (ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2): results from two randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trials. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(4):519–531. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00558-6
  • Fonseca GWPD, von Haehling S. An overview of anamorelin as a treatment option for cancer-associated anorexia and cachexia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2021;22(7):889–895. doi:10.1080/14656566.2021.1873954
  • Soenen S, Chapman IM. Body weight, anorexia, and undernutrition in older people. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(9):642–648. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.02.004
  • Di Francesco V, Fantin F, Omizzolo F, et al. The anorexia of aging. Dig Dis. 2007;25(2):129–137. doi:10.1159/000099477
  • Di Francesco V, Zamboni M, Zoico E, et al. Unbalanced serum leptin and ghrelin dynamics prolong postprandial satiety and inhibit hunger in healthy elderly: another reason for the “anorexia of aging.”. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(5):1149–1152. doi:10.1093/AJCN/83.5.1149
  • Milos G, Antel J, Kaufmann LK, et al. Short-term metreleptin treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa: rapid on-set of beneficial cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):303. doi:10.1038/S41398-020-00977-1
  • Yeh -S-S, Blackwood K, Schuster MW. The cytokine basis of cachexia and its treatment: are they ready for prime time? J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008;9(4):219–236. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2008.01.003
  • Laviano A, Meguid MM, Inui A, Muscaritoli M, Rossi-Fanelli F. Therapy insight: cancer anorexia–cachexia syndrome—when all you can eat is yourself. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2005;2(3):158–165. doi:10.1038/ncponc0112
  • Molfino A, Rossi-Fanelli F, Laviano A. The interaction between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the nervous system. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009;9(3):224. doi:10.1038/NRC2507-C1
  • Sieske L, Janssen G, Babel N, Westhoff TH, Wirth R, Pourhassan M. Inflammation, appetite and food intake in older hospitalized patients. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):1986. doi:10.3390/NU11091986
  • Breit SN, Brown DA, Tsai VWW. The GDF15-GFRAL pathway in health and metabolic disease: friend or foe? Annu Rev Physiol. 2021;83:127–151. doi:10.1146/ANNUREV-PHYSIOL-022020-045449
  • Semba RD, Gonzalez-Freire M, Tanaka T, et al. Elevated plasma growth and differentiation factor 15 is associated with slower gait speed and lower physical performance in healthy community-dwelling adults. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020;75(1):175–180. doi:10.1093/gerona/glz071
  • Morley JE. Peptides and aging: their role in anorexia and memory. Peptides. 2015;72:112–118. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.007
  • Morley JE. Anorexia of ageing: a key component in the pathogenesis of both sarcopenia and cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;8(4):523–526. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12192
  • Salazar N, Valdés-Varela L, González S, Gueimonde M, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG. Nutrition and the gut microbiome in the elderly. Gut Microbes. 2017;8(2):82–97. doi:10.1080/19490976.2016.1256525
  • Postler TS, Ghosh S. Understanding the holobiont: how microbial metabolites affect human health and shape the immune system. Cell Metab. 2017;26(1):110–130. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.008
  • Calvani R, Picca A, Lo monaco MR, Landi F, Bernabei R, Marzetti E. Of microbes and minds: a narrative review on the second brain aging. Front Med. 2018;5:53. doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00053
  • Haran JP, Bucci V, Dutta P, Ward D, McCormick B. The nursing home elder microbiome stability and associations with age, frailty, nutrition and physical location. J Med Microbiol. 2018;67(1):40–51. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000640
  • Jackson M, Jeffery IB, Beaumont M, et al. Signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota. Genome Med. 2016;8(1):8. doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0262-7
  • Picca A, Ponziani FR, Calvani R, et al. Gut microbial, inflammatory and metabolic signatures in older people with physical frailty and sarcopenia: results from the BIOSPHERE study. Nutrients. 2019;12(1):65. doi:10.3390/nu12010065
  • Picca A, Fanelli F, Calvani R, et al. Gut dysbiosis and muscle aging: searching for novel targets against sarcopenia. Mediators Inflamm. 2018;2018:1–15. doi:10.1155/2018/7026198
  • Cox NJ, Bowyer RCE, Ni Lochlainn M, Wells PM, Roberts HC, Steves CJ. The composition of the gut microbiome differs among community dwelling older people with good and poor appetite. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021;12(2):368–377. doi:10.1002/JCSM.12683
  • Molfino A, Amabile MI, Imbimbo G, et al. Plasma enterobacterial ClpB levels and ClpB- and α-MSH-reactive immunoglobulins in lung cancer patients with and without anorexia. Nutrition. 2020;78:110952. doi:10.1016/J.NUT.2020.110952
  • Breton J, Legrand R, Akkermann K, et al. Elevated plasma concentrations of bacterial ClpB protein in patients with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2016;49(8):805–808. doi:10.1002/EAT.22531
  • Fetissov SO. Role of the gut microbiota in host appetite control: bacterial growth to animal feeding behaviour. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017;13(1):11–25. doi:10.1038/NRENDO.2016.150
  • Breton J, Tennoune N, Lucas N, et al. Gut commensal E. coli proteins activate host satiety pathways following nutrient-induced bacterial growth. Cell Metab. 2016;23(2):324–334. doi:10.1016/J.CMET.2015.10.017
  • Chaudhari A, Gupta R, Makwana K, Kondratov R. Circadian clocks, diets and aging. Nutr Heal Aging. 2017;4:101–112. doi:10.3233/NHA-160006
  • Hood S, Amir S. The aging clock: circadian rhythms and later life. J Clin Invest. 2017;127(2):437–446. doi:10.1172/JCI90328
  • Kettner NM, Mayo SA, Hua J, Lee C, Moore DD, Fu L. Circadian dysfunction induces leptin resistance in mice. Cell Metab. 2015;22(3):448–459. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.005
  • Wu PY, Chen KM, Tsai WC. The Mediterranean dietary pattern and inflammation in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2021;12(2):363–373. doi:10.1093/ADVANCES/NMAA116
  • Coelho-Júnior HJ, Trichopoulou A, Panza F. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between adherence to Mediterranean diet with physical performance and cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;70:101395. doi:10.1016/J.ARR.2021.101395
  • Morley JE. Pathophysiology of the anorexia of aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013;16(1):27–32. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328359efd7
  • Fávaro-Moreira NC, Krausch-Hofmann S, Matthys C, et al. Risk factors for malnutrition in older adults: a systematic review of the literature based on longitudinal data. Adv Nutr. 2016;7(3):507–522. doi:10.3945/an.115.011254
  • Landi F, Lattanzio F, Dell’Aquila G, et al. Prevalence and potentially reversible factors associated with anorexia among older nursing home residents: results from the ULISSE project. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(2):119–124. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.10.02255
  • Zhao Y, Ding Q, Lin T, et al. Combined vision and hearing impairment is associated with frailty in older adults: results from the West China Health and Aging Trend study. Clin Interv Aging. 2022;17:675–683. doi:10.2147/CIA.S362191
  • Muurinen SM, Soini HH, Suominen MH, Saarela RKT, Savikko NM, Pitkälä KH. Vision impairment and nutritional status among older assisted living residents. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2014;58(3):384–387. doi:10.1016/J.ARCHGER.2013.12.002
  • O’Keeffe M, Kelly M, O’Herlihy E, et al. Potentially modifiable determinants of malnutrition in older adults: a systematic review. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(6):2477–2498. doi:10.1016/J.CLNU.2018.12.007
  • Mathieu ME, Reid RER, King NA. Sensory profile of adults with reduced food intake and the potential roles of nutrition and physical activity interventions. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(6):1120–1125. doi:10.1093/ADVANCES/NMZ044
  • Cesari M, Calvani R, Marzetti E. Frailty in older persons. Clin Geriatr Med. 2017;33(3):293–303. doi:10.1016/J.CGER.2017.02.002
  • Morley JE, Vellas B, Abellan van Kan G, et al. Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(6):392–397. doi:10.1016/J.JAMDA.2013.03.022
  • Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. Journals Gerontol Ser a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146–M157. doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146
  • Rockwood K, Mitnitski A. Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62(7):722–727. doi:10.1093/gerona/62.7.722
  • Guerville F, De Souto Barreto P, Ader I, et al. Revisiting the hallmarks of aging to identify markers of biological age. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2020;7(1):56–64. doi:10.14283/JPAD.2019.50
  • Wei K, Nyunt MSZ, Gao Q, Wee SL, Yap KB, Ng TP. Association of frailty and malnutrition with long-term functional and mortality outcomes among community-dwelling older adults: results from the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study 1. JAMA Netw open. 2018;1(3):e180650. doi:10.1001/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2018.0650
  • Landi F, Liperoti R, Russo A, et al. Association of anorexia with sarcopenia in a community-dwelling elderly population: results from the ilSIRENTE study. Eur J Nutr. 2013;52(3):1261–1268. doi:10.1007/S00394-012-0437-Y
  • Rodriguez-Mañas L, Araujo de Carvalho I, Bhasin S, et al. ICFSR task force perspective on biomarkers for sarcopenia and frailty. J Frailty Aging. 2020;9(1):4–8. doi:10.14283/jfa.2019.32
  • Gomez-Cabrero D, Walter S, Abugessaisa I, et al. A robust machine learning framework to identify signatures for frailty: a nested case-control study in four aging European cohorts. GeroScience. 2021;43(3):1317–1329. doi:10.1007/S11357-021-00334-0
  • Picca A, Coelho-Junior HJ, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Vetrano DL. Biomarkers shared by frailty and sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2022;73:101530. doi:10.1016/J.ARR.2021.101530