The Mechanism of Bone Remodeling After Bone Aging

References

• Kim HJ, Min JY, Min KB. Successful aging and mortality risk: the Korean longitudinal study of aging (2006–2014). J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;20:1013–1020. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2018.12.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aramillo Irizar P, Schäuble S, Esser D, et al. Transcriptomic alterations during ageing reflect the shift from cancer to degenerative diseases in the elderly. Nat Commun. 2018;9:327. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02395-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker DJ, Wijshake T, Tchkonia T, et al. Clearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders. Nature. 2011;479:232–236. doi:10.1038/nature10600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berdasco M, Esteller M. Hot topics in epigenetic mechanisms of aging: 2011. Aging Cell. 2012;11:181–186. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00806.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmeer C, Kretz A, Wengerodt D, Stojiljkovic M, Witte OW. Dissecting aging and senescence-current concepts and open lessons. Cells. 2019;8:1446. doi:10.3390/cells8111446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herranz N, Gil J. Mechanisms and functions of cellular senescence. J Clin Invest. 2018;128:1238–1246. doi:10.1172/JCI95148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Cecco M, Ito T, Petrashen AP, et al. L1 drives IFN in senescent cells and promotes age-associated inflammation. Nature. 2019;566:73–78. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0784-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell. 2013;153:1194–1217. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. Adaptive homeostasis and the free radical theory of ageing. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018;124:420–430. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaskelioff M, Muller FL, Paik JH, et al. Telomerase reactivation reverses tissue degeneration in aged telomerase-deficient mice. Nature. 2011;469:102–106. doi:10.1038/nature09603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Boer J, Andressoo JO, de Wit J, et al. Premature aging in mice deficient in DNA repair and transcription. Science. 2002;296:1276–1279. doi:10.1126/science.1070174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirakabe A, Ikeda Y, Sciarretta S, Zablocki DK, Sadoshima J. Aging and autophagy in the heart. Circ Res. 2016;118:1563–1576. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.307474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen P, Shah PP, Nativio R, Berger SL. Epigenetic mechanisms of longevity and aging. Cell. 2016;166:822–839. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath S, Zhang Y, Langfelder P, et al. Aging effects on DNA methylation modules in human brain and blood tissue. Genome Biol. 2012;13:R97. doi:10.1186/gb-2012-13-10-r97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath S. DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biol. 2013;14:R115. doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath S, Raj K. DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing. Nat Rev Genet. 2018;19:371–384. doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0004-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klutstein M, Nejman D, Greenfield R, Cedar H. DNA methylation in cancer and aging. Cancer Res. 2016;76:3446–3450. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-3278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field AE, Robertson NA, Wang T, Havas A, Ideker T, Adams PD. DNA methylation clocks in aging: categories, causes, and consequences. Mol Cell. 2018;71:882–895. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franceschi C, Campisi J. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(Suppl 1):S4–S9. doi:10.1093/gerona/glu057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang EF, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Jahn HJ, et al. A research agenda for aging in China in the 21st century. Ageing Res Rev. 2015;24:197–205. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyss-Coray T. Ageing, neurodegeneration and brain rejuvenation. Nature. 2016;539:180–186. doi:10.1038/nature20411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin X, Xiong D, Peng YQ, et al. Epidemiology and management of osteoporosis in the People’s Republic of China: current perspectives. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:1017–1033. doi:10.2147/CIA.S54613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Si L, Winzenberg TM, Jiang Q, Chen M, Palmer AJ. Projection of osteoporosis-related fractures and costs in China: 2010–2050. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26:1929–1937. doi:10.1007/s00198-015-3093-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li G, Thabane L, Papaioannou A, Ioannidis G, Levine MA, Adachi JD. An overview of osteoporosis and frailty in the elderly. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18:46. doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1403-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farr JN, Khosla S. Cellular senescence in bone. Bone. 2019;121:121–133. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2019.01.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idris AI, Sophocleous A, Landao-Bassonga E, et al. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 protects against age-related osteoporosis by regulating osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation in marrow stromal cells. Cell Metab. 2009;10:139–147. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.07.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirsaidi A, Genelin K, Vetsch JR, et al. Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stromal cells in age-related osteoporosis. Biomaterials. 2014;35:7326–7335. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu B, Huo L, Liu Y, et al. PGC-1α controls skeletal stem cell fate and bone-fat balance in osteoporosis and skeletal aging by inducing TAZ. Cell Stem Cell. 2018;23:615–623. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2018.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li CJ, Cheng P, Liang MK, et al. MicroRNA-188 regulates age-related switch between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. J Clin Invest. 2015;125:1509–1522. doi:10.1172/JCI77716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu C, Wang J, Zhu T, et al. Cross-talking between PPAR and WNT signaling and its regulation in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2016;11:247–254. doi:10.2174/1574888X10666150723145707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Chen Q, Lee SH, Choi Y, Johnson FB, Pignolo RJ. Impairment of osteoblast differentiation due to proliferation-independent telomere dysfunction in mouse models of accelerated aging. Aging Cell. 2012;11:704–713. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00838.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manolagas SC. From estrogen-centric to aging and oxidative stress: a revised perspective of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev. 2010;31:266–300. doi:10.1210/er.2009-0024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Wang C, Wang G, et al. Loureirin B suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomized osteoporosis via attenuating NFATc1 and ROS activities. Theranostics. 2019;9:4648–4662. doi:10.7150/thno.35414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callaway DA, Jiang JX. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in osteoclastogenesis, skeletal aging and bone diseases. J Bone Miner Metab. 2015;33:359–370. doi:10.1007/s00774-015-0656-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rharass T, Lucas S. High glucose level impairs human mature bone marrow adipocyte function through increased ROS production. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:607. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang YB, Zhong ZM, Hou G, Jiang H, Chen JT. Involvement of oxidative stress in age-related bone loss. J Surg Res. 2011;169:e37–e42. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2011.02.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng JH, Zhong ZM, Li XD, et al. Advanced oxidation protein products accelerate bone deterioration in aged rats. Exp Gerontol. 2014;50:64–71. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosla S, Monroe DG. Regulation of bone metabolism by sex steroids. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018;8:a031211. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a031211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compston JE. Sex steroids and bone. Physiol Rev. 2001;81:419–447. doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.1.419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee K, Seo I, Choi MH, Jeong D. Roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases in osteoclast biology. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:3004. doi:10.3390/ijms19103004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Hua F, Ding K, Chen H, Xu C, Ding W. Angiogenesis changes in ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:1283717. doi:10.1155/2019/1283717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Gao Y, Cai L, et al. MicroRNA-221 is involved in the regulation of osteoporosis through regulates RUNX2 protein expression and osteoblast differentiation. Am J Transl Res. 2017;9:126–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen S, Yang L, Jie Q, et al. MicroRNA-125b suppresses the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep. 2014;9:1820–1826. doi:10.3892/mmr.2014.2024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia J, Zhou H, Zeng X, Feng S. Estrogen stimulates osteoprotegerin expression via the suppression of miR-145 expression in MG-63 cells. Mol Med Rep. 2017;15:1539–1546. doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prata LG, Ovsyannikova IG, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Senescent cell clearance by the immune system: emerging therapeutic opportunities. Semin Immunol. 2018;40:101275. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2019.04.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Immunosenescence: the potential role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in age-related immune deficiency. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019;76:1901–1918. doi:10.1007/s00018-019-03048-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onal M, Xiong J, Chen X, et al. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) protein expression by B lymphocytes contributes to ovariectomy-induced bone loss. J Biol Chem. 2012;287:29851–29860. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.377945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi Y, Woo KM, Ko SH, et al. Osteoclastogenesis is enhanced by activated B cells but suppressed by activated CD8(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol. 2001;31:2179–2188. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:7<2179:AID-IMMU2179>3.0.CO;2-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toraldo G, Roggia C, Qian WP, Pacifici R, Weitzmann MN. IL-7 induces bone loss in vivo by induction of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and tumor necrosis factor alpha from T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:125–130. doi:10.1073/pnas.0136772100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava RK, Dar HY, Mishra PK. Immunoporosis: immunology of osteoporosis-role of T cells. Front Immunol. 2018;9:657. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller L, Di Benedetto S, Pawelec G. The immune system and its dysregulation with aging. Subcell Biochem. 2019;91:21–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen K, Yang YH, Jiang SD, Jiang LS. Decreased activity of osteocyte autophagy with aging may contribute to the bone loss in senile population. Histochem Cell Biol. 2014;142:285–295. doi:10.1007/s00418-014-1194-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierrefite-Carle V, Santucci-Darmanin S, Breuil V, Camuzard O, Carle GF. Autophagy in bone: self-eating to stay in balance. Ageing Res Rev. 2015;24:206–217. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida M, Han L, Martin-Millan M, et al. Skeletal involution by age-associated oxidative stress and its acceleration by loss of sex steroids. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:27285–27297. doi:10.1074/jbc.M702810200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrigo J, Rivera JC, Aravena J, et al. High fat diet-induced skeletal muscle wasting is decreased by mesenchymal stem cells administration: implications on oxidative stress, ubiquitin proteasome pathway activation, and myonuclear apoptosis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:9047821. doi:10.1155/2016/9047821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song C, Song C, Tong F. Autophagy induction is a survival response against oxidative stress in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy. 2014;16:1361–1370. doi:10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan Y, Zhuo N, Li Y, Zhao W, Jiang D. Autophagy promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell derived from osteoporotic vertebrae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017;488:46–52. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camuzard O, Santucci-Darmanin S, Breuil V, et al. Sex-specific autophagy modulation in osteoblastic lineage: a critical function to counteract bone loss in female. Oncotarget. 2016;7:66416–66428. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.12013
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shen G, Ren H, Qiu T, et al. Implications of the interaction between miRNAs and autophagy in osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int. 2016;99:1–12. doi:10.1007/s00223-016-0122-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher JC. Vitamin D and aging. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2013;42:319–332. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims NA, Ng KW. Implications of osteoblast-osteoclast interactions in the management of osteoporosis by antiresorptive agents denosumab and odanacatib. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2014;12:98–106. doi:10.1007/s11914-014-0196-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng Z, Lin Z, Zhong Q, et al. Interleukin 1 beta-induced chloride currents are important in osteoarthritis onset: an in vitro study. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2021;53:400–409. doi:10.1093/abbs/gmab010
   Google Scholar
• Liang Y, Duan L, Xiong J, et al. E2 regulates MMP-13 via targeting miR-140 in IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix degradation in human chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18:105. doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0997-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Deng Z, Yang L, et al. The AQP-3 water channel is a pivotal modulator of glycerol-induced chloride channel activation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2016;72:89–99. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2016.01.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang N, Deng Z, Li W, et al. Expression of LRRC8A is elevated in the cytoplasm of osteosarcoma tissues: an immunohistochemical study with tissue microarrays. Exp Ther Med. 2021;21:71. doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun W, Chi S, Li Y, et al. The mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel is required for bone formation. Elife. 2019;8:e47454. doi:10.7554/eLife.47454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Han L, Nookaew I, et al. Stimulation of Piezo1 by mechanical signals promotes bone anabolism. Elife. 2019;8:e49631. doi:10.7554/eLife.49631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendrickx G, Fischer V, Liedert A, et al. Piezo1 inactivation in chondrocytes impairs trabecular bone formation. J Bone Miner Res. 2021;36:369–384. doi:10.1002/jbmr.4198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, You X, Lotinun S, Zhang L, Wu N, Zou W. Mechanical sensing protein PIEZO1 regulates bone homeostasis via osteoblast-osteoclast crosstalk. Nat Commun. 2020;11:282. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14146-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu J, Zhen G, An S, et al. Aberrant subchondral osteoblastic metabolism modifies NaV1.8 for osteoarthritis. Elife. 2020;9:e57656. doi:10.7554/eLife.57656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jørgensen NR. Role of the purinergic P2X receptors in osteoclast pathophysiology. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2019;47:97–101. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2019.02.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duran C, Thompson CH, Xiao Q, Hartzell HC. Chloride channels: often enigmatic, rarely predictable. Annu Rev Physiol. 2010;72(1):95–121. doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalvey MS, Clines KL, Havasi V, et al. Osteoblast CFTR inactivation reduces differentiation and osteoprotegerin expression in a mouse model of cystic fibrosis-related bone disease. PLoS One. 2013;8:e80098. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du J, Wang Q, Hu F, et al. Effects of estradiol on voltage-gated potassium channels in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Membr Biol. 2014;247:541–548. doi:10.1007/s00232-014-9670-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyce BF, Li J, Xing L, Yao Z. Bone remodeling and the role of TRAF3 in osteoclastic bone resorption. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2263. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu X, Ding Y, Niu Q, et al. ClC-3 chloride channel mediates the role of parathyroid hormone [1–34] on osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0176196. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng Z, Li W, Xu J, et al. ClC-3 chloride channels are involved in estradiol regulation of bone formation by MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem. 2018;10:8366–8375.
   Google Scholar
• Deng Z, Peng S, Zheng Y, et al. Estradiol activates chloride channels via estrogen receptor-α in the cell membranes of osteoblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2017;313:C162–C172. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00014.2017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Mao Y, Zhang B, et al. Chloride channel ClC-3 promotion of osteogenic differentiation through Runx2. J Cell Biochem. 2010;111:49–58. doi:10.1002/jcb.22658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolar J, Teitelbaum SL, Orchard PJ. Osteopetrosis. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2839–2849. doi:10.1056/NEJMra040952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jentsch TJ, Pusch M. CLC chloride channels and transporters: structure, function, physiology, and disease. Physiol Rev. 2018;98:1493–1590. doi:10.1152/physrev.00047.2017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J, Alqudaihi HM, Kang MS, et al. Effect of tamoxifen on the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture in younger breast cancer survivors: a nationwide study. Front Oncol. 2020;10:366. doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.00366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olevsky OM, Martino S. Randomized clinical trials of raloxifene: reducing the risk of osteoporosis and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2008;15(4 Suppl):790–796. doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e31817e6683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anagnostis P, Gkekas NK, Potoupnis M, Kenanidis E, Tsiridis E, Goulis DG. New therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. Maturitas. 2019;120:1–6. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.11.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capozzi A, Scambia G, Lello S. Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K2, and magnesium supplementation and skeletal health. Maturitas. 2020;140:55–63. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou W, Liu Y, Guo X, Yang H, Xu Y, Geng D. Effects of zoledronic acid on bone mineral density around prostheses and bone metabolism markers after primary total hip arthroplasty in females with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30:1581–1589. doi:10.1007/s00198-019-05005-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen C, Alqwbani M, Zhao J, Yang R, Wang S, Pan X. Effects of teriparatide versus salmon calcitonin therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis in Asia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2021;21:932–942. doi:10.2174/1871530320999200817114817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu T, Sun J, Tan L, et al. Enhanced osteogenesis and therapy of osteoporosis using simvastatin loaded hybrid system. Bioact Mater. 2020;5:348–357. doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeks ED. Denosumab: a review in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Drugs Aging. 2018;35:163–173. doi:10.1007/s40266-018-0525-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer MJ, Miller JD, LeBrasseur NK. Cellular senescence: implications for metabolic disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017;455:93–102. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagnotti GM, Styner M, Uzer G, et al. Combating osteoporosis and obesity with exercise: leveraging cell mechanosensitivity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019;15:339–355. doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0170-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenbroucke A, Luyten FP, Flamaing J, Gielen E. Pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis in the oldest old. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1065–1077. doi:10.2147/CIA.S131023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar