Combination of the Barthel Index at Discharge with GRACE Leads to Improved One-Year Mortality Prediction in Older Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

References

• Thiele H, Akin I, Sandri M, et al. PCI strategies in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(25):2419–2432. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1710261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu H, Yang Y, Wang C, et al. Association of hospital-level differences in care with outcomes among patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in China. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(10):e2021677. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heusch G, Gersh BJ. The pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction and strategies of protection beyond reperfusion: a continual challenge. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(11):774–784. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puymirat E, Simon T, Cayla G, et al. Acute myocardial infarction: changes in patient characteristics, management, and 6-month outcomes over a period of 20 years in the FAST-MI program (French registry of acute ST-elevation or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction) 1995 to 2015. Circulation. 2017;136(20):1908–1919. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen M. Long-term outcomes in high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41(3):464–474. doi:10.1007/s11239-015-1227-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiani F, Hesabi N, Arbabisarjou A. Assessment of risk factors in patients with myocardial infarction. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;8(1):255–262. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v8n1p255
   Google Scholar
• Patel A, Goodman SG, Yan AT, et al. Frailty and outcomes after myocardial infarction: insights from the CONCORDANCE registry. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(18):e009859. doi:10.1161/JAHA.118.009859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White HD, Westerhout CM, Alexander KP, et al. Frailty is associated with worse outcomes in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: insights from the TaRgeted platelet inhibition to cLarify the optimal strateGy to medicallY manage acute coronary syndromes (TRILOGY ACS) trial. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2016;5(3):231–242. doi:10.1177/2048872615581502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa D, Aladio M, Girado CA, Pérez de la Hoz R, Sara Berensztein C. Frailty is independently associated with 1-year mortality after hospitalization for acute heart failure. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2018;21:103–106. doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Formiga F, Mascaró J, Pujol R. Inter-rater reliability of the Barthel index. Age Ageing. 2005;34(6):655–656. doi:10.1093/ageing/afi209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy L, Gajree S, Langhorne P, Stott DJ, Quinn TJ. Reliability (inter-rater agreement) of the Barthel index for assessment of stroke survivors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2013;44(2):462–468. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.678615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li F, Li D, Yu J, et al. Barthel index as a predictor of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome: better activities of daily living, better prognosis. Clin Interv Aging. 2020;15:1951–1961. doi:10.2147/CIA.S270101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higuchi S, Kabeya Y, Matsushita K, et al. Barthel Index as a predictor of 1-year mortality in very elderly patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome: better activities of daily living, longer life. Clin Cardiol. 2016;39(2):83–89. doi:10.1002/clc.22497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang EW, Wong CK, Herbison P. Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) hospital discharge risk score accurately predicts long-term mortality post acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J. 2007;153(1):29–35. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2006.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(18):2231–2264. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel index. Md State Med J. 1965;14:61–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Killip T 3rd, Kimball JT. Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit. A two year experience with 250 patients. Am J Cardiol. 1967;20(4):457–464. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(67)90023-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinoza SE, Quiben M, Hazuda HP. Distinguishing comorbidity, disability, and frailty. Curr Geriatr Rep. 2018;7(4):201–209. doi:10.1007/s13670-018-0254-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radovanovic D, Seifert B, Urban P, et al. Validity of Charlson comorbidity index in patients hospitalised with acute coronary syndrome. Insights from the nationwide AMIS plus registry 2002–2012. Heart. 2014;100(4):288–294. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellejus Albertsen L, Heide-Jørgensen U, Schmidt SAJ, et al. The DANish Comorbidity Index for Acute Myocardial Infarction (DANCAMI): development, validation and comparison with existing comorbidity indices. Clin Epidemiol. 2020;12:1299–1311. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S277325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang P, Zhang S, Zhang K, Tian J. Frailty predicts poor prognosis of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Front Med. 2021;8:696153. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.696153
   Google Scholar
• Arnold SV, Zhao Y, Leon MB, et al. Impact of frailty and prefrailty on outcomes of transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2022;15(1):e011375. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.121.011375
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146–M156. doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitnitski AB, Mogilner AJ, Rockwood K. Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging. Sci World J. 2001;1:323–336. doi:10.1100/tsw.2001.58
   Google Scholar
• Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. Cmaj. 2005;173(5):489–495. doi:10.1503/cmaj.050051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valenzuela PL, Morales JS, Pareja-Galeano H, et al. Physical strategies to prevent disuse-induced functional decline in the elderly. Ageing Res Rev. 2018;47:80–88. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu C, Liu H, Wang Y, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of urinary tract infection among immobile inpatients in China: a prospective, multi-centre study. J Hosp Infect. 2020;104(4):538–544. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2019.11.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landi F, Liperoti R, Russo A, et al. Disability, more than multimorbidity, was predictive of mortality among older persons aged 80 years and older. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(7):752–759. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.09.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nybo H, Petersen HC, Gaist D, et al. Predictors of mortality in 2249 nonagenarians--the Danish 1905-cohort survey. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(10):1365–1373. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51453.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakazawa A, Nakamura K, Kitamura K, Yoshizawa Y. Association between activities of daily living and mortality among institutionalized elderly adults in Japan. J Epidemiol. 2012;22(6):501–507. doi:10.2188/jea.JE20110153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TM, Leung FKL, Lau TW, Fang C, Chan FHW, Wu J. Effectiveness of a day rehabilitation program in improving functional outcome and reducing mortality and readmission of elderly patients with fragility hip fractures. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2018;9:2151459318759355. doi:10.1177/2151459318759355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martín J, Padierna A, Anton-Ladislao A, Moro I, Quintana JM. Predictors of mortality during hospitalization and 3 months after discharge in elderly people with and without dementia. Aging Ment Health. 2019;23(8):1057–1065. doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1459471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang Y, Fang XY, Wang D, Wang XJ. Activity of daily living upon admission is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in older patients with community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):314. doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06006-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacho C, Domingo M, Núñez R, et al. Predictive biomarkers for death and rehospitalization in comorbid frail elderly heart failure patients. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):109. doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0807-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gullón A, Formiga F, Camafort M, et al. Baseline functional status as the strongest predictor of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: results of the NONAVASC registry. Eur J Intern Med. 2018;47:69–74. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.09.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veerasamy M, Edwards R, Ford G, et al. Acute coronary syndrome among older patients: a review. Cardiol Rev. 2015;23(1):26–32. doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curcio F, Gerundo G, Sasso G, et al. Type 2 myocardial infarction: is it a geriatric syndrome? Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(5):759–768. doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01452-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuzawa Y, Konishi M, Akiyama E, et al. Association between gait speed as a measure of frailty and risk of cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(19):1964–1972. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.02.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand A, Cudmore S, Robertson S, et al. Frailty assessment and risk prediction by GRACE score in older patients with acute myocardial infarction. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):102. doi:10.1186/s12877-020-1500-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwok CS, Achenbach S, Curzen N, et al. Relation of frailty to outcomes in percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2020;21(7):811–818. doi:10.1016/j.carrev.2019.11.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamonangan R, Wijaya IP, Setiati S, Harimurti K. Impact of frailty on the first 30 days of major cardiac events in elderly patients with coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Acta Med Indones. 2016;48(2):91–98.
   Google Scholar