References
- Wang Y, Miller FH, Chen ZE, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of solid and cystic lesions of the pancreas. RadioGraphics. 2011;31(3):E47–E64. doi:10.1148/rg.31310517421721197
- Kuo JH, Lee JA, Chabot JA. Nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Surg Clin North Am. 2014;94(3):689–708. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2014.02.01024857584
- Singhi AD, Klimstra DS. Well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) and poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs): concepts, issues and a practical diagnostic approach to high-grade (G3) cases. Histopathology. 2018;72(1):168–177. doi:10.1111/his.1340829239037
- Rindi G, Wiedenmann B. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gut and pancreas: new insights. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012;8(1):54–64. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.120
- Guo C, Chen X, Xiao W, Wang Q, Sun K, Wang Z. Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms at magnetic resonance imaging: comparison between grade 3 and grade 1/2 tumors. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:1465–1474. doi:10.2147/OTT.S12780328331340
- Kim DW, Kim HJ, Kim KW, et al. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas at dynamic enhanced CT: comparison between grade 3 neuroendocrine carcinoma and grade 1/2 neuroendocrine tumour. Eur Radiol. 2015;25(5):1375–1383. doi:10.1007/s00330-014-3532-z25465713
- Lotfalizadeh E, Ronot M, Wagner M, et al. Prediction of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour grade with MR imaging features: added value of diffusion-weighted imaging. Eur Radiol. 2017;27(4):1748–1759. doi:10.1007/s00330-016-4539-427543074
- Wick MR. Immunohistology of neuroendocrine and neuroectodermal tumors. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2000;17(3):194–203.10968705
- Kanehira K, Khoury T. Neuroendocrine markers expression in pancreatic serous cystadenoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2011;19(2):141–146. doi:10.1097/PAI.0b013e3181f5023d21030861
- Konukiewitz B, Schlitter AM, Jesinghaus M, et al. Somatostatin receptor expression related to TP53 and RB1 alterations in pancreatic and extrapancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with a Ki67-index above 20%. Mod Pathol. 2017;30(4):587–598. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2016.21728059098
- Notohara K, Hamazaki S, Tsukayama C, et al. Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: immunohistochemical localization of neuroendocrine markers and CD10. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(10):1361–1371. doi:10.1097/00000478-200010000-0000511023097
- Rindi G, Klersy C, Albarello L, et al. Competitive testing of the WHO 2010 versus the WHO 2017 grading of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: data from a large international cohort study. Neuroendocrinology. 2018;107(4):375–386. doi:10.1159/00049435530300897
- Kim H, An S, Lee K, et al. Pancreatic high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms in the Korean population: a multicenter study. Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):263–276. doi:10.4143/crt.2019.19231319641
- Pape UF, Jann H, Muller-Nordhorn J, et al. Prognostic relevance of a novel TNM classification system for upper gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer. 2008;113(2):256–265. doi:10.1002/cncr.2354918506737
- Cappelli C, Boggi U, Mazzeo S, et al. Contrast enhancement pattern on multidetector CT predicts malignancy in pancreatic endocrine tumours. Eur Radiol. 2015;25(3):751–759. doi:10.1007/s00330-014-3485-225447971
- Chou WC, Chen JS, Hung YS, et al. Plasma chromogranin A levels predict survival and tumor response in patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Anticancer Res. 2014;34(10):5661–5669.25275071
- Fuksiewicz M, Kowalska M, Kolasinska-Cwikla A, et al. Prognostic value of chromogranin A in patients with GET/NEN in the pancreas and the small intestine. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(6):803–810. doi:10.1530/EC-18-005929724794
- Li Y, Bi X, Zhao J, et al. CEA level, radical surgery, CD56 and CgA expression are prognostic factors for patients with locoregional gastrin-independent GNET. Medicine. 2016;95(18):e3567. doi:10.1097/MD.000000000000356727149478
- Massironi S, Rossi RE, Casazza G, et al. Chromogranin A in diagnosing and monitoring patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a large series from a single institution. Neuroendocrinology. 2014;100(2–3):240–249. doi:10.1159/00036981825428270
- Rossi RE, Garcia-Hernandez J, Meyer T, et al. Chromogranin A as a predictor of radiological disease progression in neuroendocrine tumours. Ann Transl Med. 2015;3(9):118. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.04.2326207246
- Lanier LL, Testi R, Bindl J, Phillips JH. Identity of Leu-19 (CD56) leukocyte differentiation antigen and neural cell adhesion molecule. J Exp Med. 1989;169(6):2233–2238. doi:10.1084/jem.169.6.22332471777
- Wang XH, Lu X, He B, et al. Clinicopathologic features of primary renal neuroendocrine carcinoma. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2018;47(11):851–856. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2018.11.00730423609
- Simtniece Z, Vanags A, Strumfa I, et al. Morphological and immunohistochemical profile of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Pol J Pathol. 2015;66(2):176–194. doi:10.5114/pjp.2015.5301526247532
- Liu B, Kudo A, Kinowaki Y, et al. A simple and practical index predicting the prognoses of the patients with well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. J Gastroenterol. 2019;54(9):819–828. doi:10.1007/s00535-019-01570-030863885
- Naito Y, Kinoshita H, Okabe Y, et al. CD56 (NCAM) expression in pancreatic carcinoma and the surrounding pancreatic tissue. Kurume Med J. 2006;53(3–4):59–62. doi:10.2739/kurumemedj.53.5917317933
- Gradiz R, Silva HC, Carvalho L, Botelho MF, Mota-Pinto A. MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 - pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines with neuroendocrine differentiation and somatostatin receptors. Sci Rep. 2016;6:21648. doi:10.1038/srep2164826884312
- Konukiewitz B, Jesinghaus M, Steiger K, et al. Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas reveal a closer relationship to ductal adenocarcinomas than to neuroendocrine tumors G3. Hum Pathol. 2018;77:70–79. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2018.03.01829596894
- Zeromski J, Nyczak E, Dyszkiewicz W. Significance of cell adhesion molecules, CD56/NCAM in particular, in human tumor growth and spreading. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2001;39(Suppl 2):36–37.11820619