Traditional and Complementary Medicine Use Among Adult Cancer Patients Undergoing Conventional Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review on the Use, Safety and Risks

References

• James PB, Wardle J, Steel A, Adams J. Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine use in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMJ Global Health. 2018;3(5):e000895. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutebemberwa E, Lubega M, Katureebe SK, Oundo A, Kiweewa F, Mukanga D. Use of traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes in Eastern Uganda: a qualitative exploration of reasons for choice. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2013;13:1. doi:10.1186/1472-698X-13-123282020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezeome ER, Anarado AN. Use of complementary and alternative medicine by cancer patients at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007;7:28. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-7-2817850665
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lunyera J, Wang D, Maro V, et al. Traditional medicine practices among community members with diabetes mellitus in Northern Tanzania: an ethnomedical survey. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16(1):282. doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1262-227514380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liwa AC, Smart LR, Frumkin A, Epstein H-AB, Fitzgerald DW, Peck RN. Traditional herbal medicine use among hypertensive patients in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014;16(6):437. doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0437-924764197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002–2005. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. WHO traditional medicine strategy: 2014–2023. Available from: http://appswhoint/iris/bitstream/10665/92455/1/9789241506090_engpdf?ua=1. Accessed 323, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Beijing declaration. 2008 Available from: http://wwwwhoint/medicines/areas/traditional/TRM_BeijingDeclarationENpdf?ua=1. Accessed 323, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Kasilo OM, Trapsida J-M, Mwikisa Ngenda C, Lusamba-Dikassa PS; régional pour l’Afrique B, Organization WH. An overview of the traditional medicine situation in the African region. Afr Health Monit. 2010:7–15.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Legal status of traditional medicine and complementary/alternative medicine: a worldwide review. 2001 Available from: https://appswhoint/medicinedocs/pdf/h2943e/h2943epdf. Accessed 410, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Republic of South Africa. Traditional health practitioners act, 2007. No. 22 of 2007. Republic of South Africa. Available from: https://wwwgovza/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a22-07pdf. Accessed 410, 2020 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Ameade EP, Amalba A, Helegbe G, Mohammed B. Medical students’ knowledge and attitude towards complementary and alternative medicine – a survey in Ghana. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016;6(3):230–236. doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.03.00427419086
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424.30207593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray F, Jemal A, Grey N, Ferlay J, Forman D. Global cancer transitions according to the Human Development Index (2008–2030): a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(8):790–801. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70211-522658655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Jemal A. Cancer in Africa 2012. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarker Prev. 2014;23(6):953–966. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wabinga HR, Nambooze S, Amulen PM, Okello C, Mbus L, Parkin DM. Trends in the incidence of cancer in Kampala, Uganda 1991–2010. Int J Cancer. 2014;135(2):432–439. doi:10.1002/ijc.2866124615279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwaka AD, Garimoi CO, Were EM, Roland M, Wabinga H, Lyratzopoulos G. Social, demographic and healthcare factors associated with stage at diagnosis of cervical cancer: cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital in Northern Uganda. BMJ Open. 2016;6(1):e007690. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace LE, Mpunga T, Hategekimana V, et al. Delays in breast cancer presentation and diagnosis at two rural cancer referral centers in Rwanda. Oncologist. 2015;20(7):780–788. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2014-049326032138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim A, Rasch V, Pukkala E, Aro AR. Predictors of cervical cancer being at an advanced stage at diagnosis in Sudan. Int J Women Health. 2011;3:385–389. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S21063
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wabinga H, Ramanakumar AV, Banura C, Luwaga A, Nambooze S, Parkin DM. Survival of cervix cancer patients in Kampala, Uganda: 1995–1997. Br J Cancer. 2003;89(1):65–69. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.660103412838301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chokunonga E, Ramanakumar AV, Nyakabau AM, et al. Survival of cervix cancer patients in Harare, Zimbabwe, 1995–1997. Int J Cancer. 2004;109(2):274–277. doi:10.1002/ijc.1167014750180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gondos A, Brenner H, Wabinga H, Parkin DM. Cancer survival in Kampala, Uganda. Br J Cancer. 2005;92(9):1808–1812. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.660254015827554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erku DA. Complementary and alternative medicine use and its association with quality of life among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:8. doi:10.1155/2016/2809875
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asuzu CC, Elumelu-Kupoluyi T, Asuzu MC, Campbell OB, Akin-Odanye EO, Lounsbury D. A pilot study of cancer patients’ use of traditional healers in the Radiotherapy Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Psycho Oncol. 2017;26(3):369–376. doi:10.1002/pon.4033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarney J, Donkor A, Opoku SY, et al. Characteristics of users and implications for the use of complementary and alternative medicine in Ghanaian cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy: a cross- sectional study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13(1):16. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-1623331546
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kiwanuka F. Complementary and alternative medicine use: influence of patients’ satisfaction with medical treatment among breast cancer patients at Uganda Cancer Institute. Adv Biosci Clin Med. 2018;6(1):24–29. doi:10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.6n.1p.24
   Google Scholar
• Mwaka AD, Mangi SP, Okuku FM. Use of traditional and complementary medicines by cancer patients at a national cancer referral facility in a low-income country. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2019;28(6):e13158. doi:10.1111/ecc.1315831441575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabukenya I. Acute and sun-acute toxicity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of tephrosia vogelii, Vernonia amygdalina and Senna occidentalis in Rodents. Altern Integr Med. 2014;3(3).
   Google Scholar
• Kiguba R, Ononge S, Karamagi C, Bird S. Herbal medicine use and linked suspected adverse drug reactions in a prospective cohort of Ugandan inpatients. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16(145). doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1125-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Auerbach B, Reynolds S, Lamorde M, et al. Traditional herbal medicine use associated with liver fibrosis in Rural Rakai, Uganda. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e41737. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.004173723209545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anywar G, Van’t Klooster C, Byamukama R, et al. Medicinal plants used in the treatment and prevention of malaria in Cegere Sub-County, Northern Uganda. Ethnobot Res Appl. 2016;14:505–516. doi:10.17348/era.14.0.505-516
   Google Scholar
• Lubinga SJ, Kintu A, Atuhaire J, Asiimwe S. Concomitant herbal medicine and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) use among HIV patients in Western Uganda: a cross-sectional analysis of magnitude and patterns of use, associated factors and impact on ART adherence. AIDS Care. 2012;24(11):1375–1383. doi:10.1080/09540121.2011.64860022292937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block KI. Significance of natural product interactions in oncology. Integr Cancer Ther. 2012;12(1):4–6. doi:10.1177/153473541246736823188923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19–32. doi:10.1080/1364557032000119616
   Google Scholar
• Mwaka AD, Tusabe G, Garimoi CO, Vohra S, Ibingira C. Integration of traditional and complementary medicine into medical school curricula: a survey among medical students in Makerere University, Uganda. BMJ Open. 2019;9(9):e030316. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwaka AD, Tusabe G, Orach Garimoi C, Vohra S. Turning a blind eye and a deaf ear to traditional and complementary medicine practice does not make it go away: a qualitative study exploring perceptions and attitudes of stakeholders towards the integration of traditional and complementary medicine into medical school curriculum in Uganda. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):310. doi:10.1186/s12909-018-1419-430563506
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mwaka AD, Okello ES, Orach CG. Barriers to biomedical care and use of traditional medicines for treatment of cervical cancer: an exploratory qualitative study in northern Uganda. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2015;24(4):503–513. doi:10.1111/ecc.1221124923866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbo C, Ekblad S, Waako P, Okello E, Musisi S. The prevalence and severity of mental illnesses handled by traditional healers in two districts in Uganda. Afr Health Sci. 2009;9(2).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ong’udi M, Mutai P, Weru I. Study of the use of complementary and alternative medicine by cancer patients at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2019;25(4):918–928. doi:10.1177/107815521880554330319064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Boer C, Niyonzima N, Orem J, Bartlett J, Zafar SY. Prognosis and delay of diagnosis among Kaposi’s sarcoma patients in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. Infect Agent Cancer. 2014;9(17):1750–9378. doi:10.1186/1750-9378-9-17
   Google Scholar
• Monicah K, Mbugua G, Mburugu R. Use of complementary and alternative medicine among cancer patients in Meru County, Kenya. Int J Prof Pract. 2019;7(1):24–33.
   Google Scholar
• Hill J, Mills C, Li Q, Smith JS. Prevalence of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine use by cancer patients in low income and lower-middle income countries. Glob Public Health. 2019;14(3):418–430. doi:10.1080/17441692.2018.1534254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazembe TC, Musekiwa M. Inclusion of traditional medicine in the school curriculum in Zimbabwe: a case study. Eurasian J Anthropol. 2011;2(2):54–69.
   Google Scholar
• Chitindingu E, George G, Gow J. A review of the integration of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine into the curriculum of South African medical schools. BMC Med Educ. 2014;14(1):40. doi:10.1186/1472-6920-14-4024575843
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Falisse J-B, Masino S, Ngenzebuhoro R. Indigenous medicine and biomedical health care in fragile settings: insights from Burundi. Health Policy Plan. 2018;33(4):483–493. doi:10.1093/heapol/czy00229452365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aliyu UM, Awosan KJ, Oche MO, Taiwo AO, Jimoh AO, Okuofo EC. Prevalence and correlates of complementary and alternative medicine use among cancer patients in Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract. 2017;20(12):1576–1583. doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_88_1729378990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aziato L, Clegg-Lamptey JNA. Breast cancer diagnosis and factors influencing treatment decisions in Ghana. Health Care Women Int. 2015;36(5):543–557. doi:10.1080/07399332.2014.91129924750095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muela SH, Mushi AK, Ribera JM. The paradox of the cost and affordability of traditional and government health services in Tanzania. Health Policy Plan. 2000;15(3):296–302. doi:10.1093/heapol/15.3.29611012404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard KL, Zivin JG. Outcome versus service based payments in health care: lessons from African traditional healers. Health Econ. 2005;14(6):575–593. doi:10.1002/hec.95615497188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nwankwo TO, AJah L, Ezeome IV, Umeh UA, Aniebue UU. Complementary and alternative medicine. Use and challenges among gynaecological cancer patients in Nigeria: experiences in a tertiary health institution – preliminary results. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2019;40(1):101–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar