Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

References

• Soriano JB, Kendrick PJ, Paulson KR. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(6):585–596. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30105-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2021 GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COPD; 2021. Available from: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/GOLD-REPORT-2021-v1.1-25Nov20_WMV.pdf. Accessed September 14, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Schols AM, Slangen J, Volovics L, Wouters EF. Weight loss is a reversible factor in the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157(6 Pt 1):1791–1797. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.6.9705017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saetta M, Turato G, Baraldo S, et al. Goblet cell hyperplasia and epithelial inflammation in peripheral airways of smokers with both symptoms of chronic bronchitis and chronic airflow limitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161(3 Pt 1):1016–1021. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.3.9907080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigmore SJ, Ross JA, Falconer JS, et al. The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the progress of cachexia in patients with pancreatic cancer. Nutrition. 1996;12(1 Suppl):S27–30. doi:10.1016/0899-9007(95)00078-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon KC, Von Meyenfeldt MF, Moses AG, et al. Effect of a protein and energy dense N-3 fatty acid enriched oral supplement on loss of weight and lean tissue in cancer cachexia: a randomised double blind trial. Gut. 2003;52(10):1479–1486. doi:10.1136/gut.52.10.1479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calder PC. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and immunity. Lipids. 2001;36(9):1007–1024. doi:10.1007/s11745-001-0812-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lands WE, Libelt B, Morris A, et al. Maintenance of lower proportions of (n - 6) eicosanoid precursors in phospholipids of human plasma in response to added dietary (n - 3) fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992;1180(2):147–162. doi:10.1016/0925-4439(92)90063-S
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Culp BR, Titus BG, Lands WE. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by eicosapentaenoic acid. Prostaglandins Med. 1979;3(5):269–278. doi:10.1016/0161-4630(79)90068-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eid AA, Ionescu AA, Nixon LS, et al. Inflammatory response and body composition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164(8 Pt 1):1414–1418. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.8.2008109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langlois PL, D’Aragon F, Hardy G, Manzanares W. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2019;61:84–92. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anandan C, Nurmatov U, Sheikh A. Omega 3 and 6 oils for primary prevention of allergic disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2009;64(6):840–848. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02042.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisman J, Schachter HM, Dales RE, et al. Treating asthma with omega-3 fatty acids: where is the evidence? A systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006;6(1):26. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-6-26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schols AM. Nutritional and metabolic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management. Eur Respir J Suppl. 2003;46:81s–86s. doi:10.1183/09031936.03.00004611
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fulton AS, Hill AM, Williams MT, Howe PR, Coates AM. Paucity of evidence for a relationship between long-chain omega-3 fatty acid intake and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2015;73(9):612–623. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van De Bool C, Ruten E, Van Helvoort A, Franssen F, Wouters E, Schols A. Physiological effects of nutritional supplementation as adjunct to exercise training in COPD patients with low muscle mass. The double blind, placebo controlled multi-centre NUTRAIN-trial. Eur Respir j Conf. 2016;48:nopagination.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calder PC, Laviano A, Lonnqvist F, Muscaritoli M, Öhlander M, Schols A. Targeted medical nutrition for cachexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018;9(1):28–40. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JS, Thomashow MA, Yip NH, et al. Randomization to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and endothelial function in COPD: the COD-Fish randomized controlled trial. Chronic Obstruct Pulmonary Dis. 2020;8:1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurgun A, Deniz S, Argin M, Karapolat H. The effects of nutritional supplementation added to pulmonary rehabilitation in muscle wasted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised, controlled, prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preferred Reporting VM. Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Revista Espanola De Nutrición Humana Y Dietética. 2009;18(3):e123.
   Google Scholar
• Yu Haichuan SX, Ting L. Omega-3 fatty acids administration effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PROSPERO 2021 #CRD42021249933; 2021. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021249933. Accessed September 14, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Higgins JPT, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Sterne JAC. Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021. Available fromwww.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
   Google Scholar
• Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629–634. doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broekhuizen R, Wouters EF, Creutzberg EC, Weling-Scheepers CA, Schols AM. Polyunsaturated fatty acids improve exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2005;60(5):376–382. doi:10.1136/thx.2004.030858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogasawara T, Marui S, Miura E, et al. Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on prevention of lean body mass depletion in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018;28:67–73. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.09.076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugawara K, Takahashi H, Kasai C, et al. Effects of nutritional supplementation combined with low-intensity exercise in malnourished patients with COPD. Respir Med. 2010;104(12):1883–1889. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2010.05.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Bool C, Rutten EPA, van Helvoort A, Franssen FME, Wouters EFM, Schols A. A randomized clinical trial investigating the efficacy of targeted nutrition as adjunct to exercise training in COPD. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;8(5):748–758. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang G, Zou J. [Clinical application of enteral immune nutrition for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2015;95(19):1501–1504. Chinese.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goris AHC, Schols AMWJ, Capm W-S, Wouters EFM. P.62 Tissue depletion in relation to physical function and quality of life in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinical Nutrition. 1997;16:39. doi:10.1016/S0261-5614(97)80186-0
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira IM, Brooks D, White J, Goldstein R. Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;12:Cd000998.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grimble RF, Howell WM, O’Reilly G, et al. The ability of fish oil to suppress tumor necrosis factor alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy men is associated with polymorphisms in genes that influence tumor necrosis factor alpha production. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(2):454–459. doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.2.454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong S, Gronert K, Devchand PR, Moussignac RL, Serhan CN. Novel docosatrienes and 17S-resolvins generated from docosahexaenoic acid in murine brain, human blood, and glial cells. Autacoids in anti-inflammation. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(17):14677–14687. doi:10.1074/jbc.M300218200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serhan CN, Clish CB, Brannon J, Colgan SP, Chiang N, Gronert K. Novel functional sets of lipid-derived mediators with antiinflammatory actions generated from omega-3 fatty acids via cyclooxygenase 2-nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and transcellular processing. J Exp Med. 2000;192(8):1197–1204. doi:10.1084/jem.192.8.1197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravnskov U, Diamond DM, Hama R, et al. Lack of an association or an inverse association between low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2016;6(6):e010401. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillipson BE, Rothrock DW, Connor WE, Harris WS, Illingworth DR. Reduction of plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins by dietary fish oils in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med. 1985;312(19):1210–1216. doi:10.1056/NEJM198505093121902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gries A, Malle E, Wurm H, Kostner GM. Influence of dietary fish oils on plasma Lp(a) levels. Thromb Res. 1990;58(6):667–668. doi:10.1016/0049-3848(90)90314-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris WS, Rothrock DW, Fanning A, et al. Fish oils in hypertriglyceridemia: a dose-response study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51(3):399–406. doi:10.1093/ajcn/51.3.399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simopoulos AP. Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;54(3):438–463. doi:10.1093/ajcn/54.3.438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghoshal S, Witta J, Zhong J, de Villiers W, Eckhardt E. Chylomicrons promote intestinal absorption of lipopolysaccharides. J Lipid Res. 2009;50(1):90–97. doi:10.1194/jlr.M800156-JLR200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Yan L, Xu J. [Correlations between lipid ratio/oxidative stress status in COPD patients and pulmonary hypertension as well as prognosis]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2016;41(11):1168–1174. Chinese.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brenner DA, O’Hara M, Angel P, Chojkier M, Karin M. Prolonged activation of jun and collagenase genes by tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Nature. 1989;337(6208):661–663. doi:10.1038/337661a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black K, Garrett IR, Mundy GR. Chinese hamster ovarian cells transfected with the murine interleukin-6 gene cause hypercalcemia as well as cachexia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis in tumor-bearing nude mice. Endocrinology. 1991;128(5):2657–2659. doi:10.1210/endo-128-5-2657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gan WQ, Man SF, Senthilselvan A, Sin DD. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Thorax. 2004;59(7):574–580. doi:10.1136/thx.2003.019588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabe KF, Watz H. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet. 2017;389(10082):1931–1940. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31222-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar