Serum Creatinine to Cystatin C Ratio is an Effective Indicator for Muscle Strength Decline in Men with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

References

• Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease GOLD. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD 2020. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD); 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Adeloye D, Chua S, Lee C, et al. Global and regional estimates of COPD prevalence: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2015;5(2):020415. doi:10.7189/jogh.05.020415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Projections of mortality and causes of death, 2016 and 2060. Available from: https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/projections_method.pdf. Accessed December 26, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Lopez AD, Shibuya K, Rao C, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current burden and future projections. Eur Respir J. 2006;27(2):397–412. doi:10.1183/09031936.06.00025805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith MC, Wrobel JP. Epidemiology and clinical impact of major comorbidities in patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014;9:871–888. doi:10.2147/COPD.S49621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, et al. Asian Working Group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(3):300–307 e302. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(4):601. doi:10.1093/ageing/afz046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keogh E, Mark Williams E. Managing malnutrition in COPD: a review. Respir Med. 2021;176:106248. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkert D. The role of nutrition in the prevention of sarcopenia. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2011;161(17–18):409–415. doi:10.1007/s10354-011-0910-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Contreras-Bolivar V, Sanchez-Torralvo FJ, Ruiz-Vico M, et al. GLIM criteria using hand grip strength adequately predict six-month mortality in cancer inpatients. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2043. doi:10.3390/nu11092043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong M, Kang HK, Song P, et al. Hand grip strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:2385–2390. doi:10.2147/COPD.S140915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah S, Nahar P, Vaidya S, Salvi S. Upper limb muscle strength & endurance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Indian J Med Res. 2013;138(4):492–496.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahmadi A, Mazloom Z, Eftekhari MH, et al. Muscle mass and function are related to respiratory function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2021;35:34. doi:10.47176/mjiri.35.34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turan Z, Ozyemisci Taskiran O, Erden Z, Kokturk N, Kaymak Karatas G. Does hand grip strength decrease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation? A cross-sectional study. Turk J Med Sci. 2019;49(3):802–808. doi:10.3906/sag-1811-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez CH, Diaz AA, Meldrum CA, et al. Handgrip strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. associations with acute exacerbations and body composition. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(11):1638–1645. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201610-821OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden M, Fyfe M, Poulin C, et al. Handgrip strength in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther. 2021;101(6). doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levey AS, Perrone RD, Madias NE. Serum creatinine and renal function. Annu Rev Med. 1988;39:465–490. doi:10.1146/annurev.me.39.020188.002341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randers E, Erlandsen EJ. Serum cystatin C as an endogenous marker of the renal function–a review. Clin Chem Lab Med. 1999;37(4):389–395. doi:10.1515/CCLM.1999.064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osaka T, Hamaguchi M, Hashimoto Y, et al. Decreased the creatinine to cystatin C ratio is a surrogate marker of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;139:52–58. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu X, Tian Z, Wen S, et al. A new index based on serum creatinine and cystatin C is useful for assessing sarcopenia in patients with advanced cancer. Nutrition. 2021;82:111032. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.111032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin YL, Chen SY, Lai YH, et al. Serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio predicts skeletal muscle mass and strength in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(8):2435–2441. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanishi M, Kinoshita H, Tsukaguchi H, et al. The creatinine/cystatin C ratio provides effective evaluation of muscle mass in kidney transplant recipients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2019;51(1):79–83. doi:10.1007/s11255-018-2015-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashani K, Sarvottam K, Pereira NL, Barreto EF, Kennedy CC. The sarcopenia index: a novel measure of muscle mass in lung transplant candidates. Clin Transplant. 2018;32(3):e13182. doi:10.1111/ctr.13182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang T, Zhuo Y, Xie L, Wang H, Yang M. Sarcopenia index based on serum creatinine and cystatin C is associated with 3-year mortality in hospitalized older patients. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1260. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58304-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirai K, Tanaka A, Homma T, et al. Serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio as a surrogate marker for sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(3):1274–1280. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puh U. Age-related and sex-related differences in hand and pinch grip strength in adults. Int J Rehabil Res. 2010;33(1):4–11. doi:10.1097/MRR.0b013e328325a8ba
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan L, Li R, Hu X, et al. Serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio as a case-finding tool for low handgrip strength in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):14028. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71028-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnken-Miralles MD, Lopez-Garcia F, Zamora-Molina L, Soler-Sempere MJ, Padilla-Navas I, Garcia-Pachon E. [Sarcopenia index in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation]. Medicina. 2021;81(3):323–328. Spanish.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amado CA, Garcia-Unzueta MT, Lavin BA, et al. The ratio serum creatinine/serum cystatin C (a surrogate marker of muscle mass) as a predictor of hospitalization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outpatients. Respiration. 2019;97(4):302–309. doi:10.1159/000494296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones PW, Harding G, Berry P, Wiklund I, Chen WH, Kline Leidy N. Development and first validation of the COPD assessment test. Eur Respir J. 2009;34(3):648–654. doi:10.1183/09031936.00102509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bestall JC, Paul EA, Garrod R, Garnham R, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 1999;54(7):581–586. doi:10.1136/thx.54.7.581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulmonary Function Professional Group. Pulmonary function test guide-lung volume test. Chin J Tuberc Respir. 2015;38(04):255–260. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter GR, Singh H, Carter SJ, Bryan DR, Fisher G. Sarcopenia and its implications for metabolic health. J Obes. 2019;2019:8031705. doi:10.1155/2019/8031705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langen RC, Gosker HR, Remels AH, Schols AM. Triggers and mechanisms of skeletal muscle wasting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45(10):2245–2256. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaap LA, van Schoor NM, Lips P, Visser M. Associations of sarcopenia definitions, and their components, with the incidence of recurrent falling and fractures: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2018;73(9):1199–1204. doi:10.1093/gerona/glx245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, et al. Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(1):72–77. doi:10.1093/gerona/61.1.72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CT, Wang PH. Handgrip strength during admission for COPD exacerbation: impact on further exacerbation risk. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):245. doi:10.1186/s12890-021-01610-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichikawa T, Miyaaki H, Miuma S, et al. Indices calculated by serum creatinine and cystatin C as predictors of liver damage, muscle strength and sarcopenia in liver disease. Biomed Rep. 2020;12(3):89–98. doi:10.3892/br.2020.1273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Liu X, Wang Q, et al. Better pulmonary function is associated with greater handgrip strength in a healthy Chinese Han population. BMC Pulm Med. 2020;20(1):114. doi:10.1186/s12890-020-1155-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin HI, Kim DK, Seo KM, Kang SH, Lee SY, Son S. Relation between respiratory muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass and hand grip strength in the healthy elderly. Ann Rehabil Med. 2017;41(4):686–692. doi:10.5535/arm.2017.41.4.686
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrari K, Goti P, Misuri G, et al. Chronic exertional dyspnea and respiratory muscle function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung. 1997;175(5):311–319. doi:10.1007/PL00007577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilaro J, Ramirez-Sarmiento A, Martinez-Llorens JM, et al. Global muscle dysfunction as a risk factor of readmission to hospital due to COPD exacerbations. Respir Med. 2010;104(12):1896–1902. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2010.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piquet J, Chavaillon JM, David P, et al. High-risk patients following hospitalisation for an acute exacerbation of COPD. Eur Respir J. 2013;42(4):946–955. doi:10.1183/09031936.00180312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashani KB, Frazee EN, Kukralova L, et al. Evaluating muscle mass by using markers of kidney function: development of the sarcopenia index. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(1):e23–e29. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002013
   PubMedGoogle Scholar