A2M Serves as Promising Biomarker for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

References

• Collaborators GCRD. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. Lancet Respir Med. 2017;5(9):691. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30293-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh D, Agusti A, Anzueto A, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease: the GOLD science committee report 2019. Eur Respir J. 2019;53(5):1900164. doi:10.1183/13993003.00164-2019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ. Inflammatory mechanisms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(1):16–27. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung K, Adcock I. Multifaceted mechanisms in COPD: inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair and destruction. Eur Respir J. 2008;31(6):1334–1356. doi:10.1183/09031936.00018908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bchir S, Nasr HB, Bouchet S, et al. Concomitant elevations of MMP‐9, NGAL, proMMP‐9/NGAL and neutrophil elastase in serum of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cell Mol Med. 2017;21(7):1280–1291. doi:10.1111/jcmm.13057
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Boer WI, Hau CM, van Schadewijk A, Stolk J, van Krieken JHJ, Hiemstra PS. Expression of epidermal growth factors and their receptors in the bronchial epithelium of subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006;125(2):184–192. doi:10.1309/W1AXKGT7UA37X257
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee SH, Lee SH, Kim CH, et al. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia inducible factor-1α in lung tissue of patients with chronic bronchitis. Clin Biochem. 2014;47(7–8):552–559. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.01.012
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salvi SS, Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers. Lancet. 2009;374(9691):733–743. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61303-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvi SS, Brashier BB, Londhe J, et al. Phenotypic comparison between smoking and non-smoking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):1–12. doi:10.1186/s12931-020-1310-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jindal S, Jindal A. COPD in biomass exposed nonsmokers: a different phenotype. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2021;15(1):51–58. doi:10.1080/17476348.2021.1835476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Wang C, Yao W, et al. COPD in Chinese nonsmokers. Eur Respir J. 2009;33(3):509. doi:10.1183/09031936.00084408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jindal S, Aggarwal A, Jindal A, et al. COPD exacerbation rates are higher in non-smoker patients in India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2020;24(12):1272–1278. doi:10.5588/ijtld.20.0253
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ocakli B, Acarturk E, Aksoy E, et al. The impact of exposure to biomass smoke versus cigarette smoke on inflammatory markers and pulmonary function parameters in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;Volume 13:1261–1267. doi:10.2147/COPD.S162658
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poller W, Barth J, Voss B. Detection of an alteration of the α2 gene in a patient with chronic lung disease and serum α2 deficiency. Hum Genet. 1989;83(1):93–96. doi:10.1007/BF00274157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harwood SL, Lyngsø J, Zarantonello A, et al. Structural investigations of human A2M identify a hollow native conformation that underlies its distinctive protease-trapping mechanism. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2021;20:100090. doi:10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100090
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borth W. α2 Macroglobulin, a multifunctional binding protein with targeting characteristics. FASEB J. 1992;6(15):3345–3353. doi:10.1096/fasebj.6.15.1281457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandooren J, Itoh Y. Alpha-2-macroglobulin in inflammation, immunity and infections. Front Immunol. 2021;12. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.803244
   Google Scholar
• Demedts IK, Brusselle GG, Bracke KR, Vermaelen KY, Pauwels RA. Matrix metalloproteinases in asthma and COPD. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2005;5(3):257–263. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2004.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culpitt S, Rogers D, Traves S, Barnes P, Donnelly L. Sputum matrix metalloproteases: comparison between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Respir Med. 2005;99(6):703–710. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2004.10.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arellano-Orden E, Calero-Acuña C, Cordero JA, et al. Specific networks of plasma acute phase reactants are associated with the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case-control study. Int J Med Sci. 2017;14(1):67. doi:10.7150/ijms.16907
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qian Y, Mao Z-D, Shi Y-J, Liu Z-G, Cao Q, Zhang Q. Comprehensive analysis of miRNA-mRNA-lncRNA networks in non-smoking and smoking patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;50(3):1140–1153. doi:10.1159/000494541
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharafkhaneh A, Hanania NA, Kim V. Pathogenesis of emphysema: from the bench to the bedside. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5(4):475–477. doi:10.1513/pats.200708-126ET
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Löffek S, Schilling O, Franzke C. Series ‘matrix metalloproteinases in lung health and disease’edited by J. Müller-Quernheim and O. Eickelberg number 1 in this series: biological role of matrix metalloproteinases: a critical balance. Eur Respir J. 2011;38(1):191–208. doi:10.1183/09031936.00146510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbeláez LF, Bergmann U, Tuuttila A, Shanbhag VP, Stigbrand T. Interaction of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and-9 with pregnancy zone protein and α2-macroglobulin. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997;347(1):62–68. doi:10.1006/abbi.1997.0309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lorenc LB, Ramos AM, Sánchez MC, Montenegro R, Chiabrando GA. Structural evaluation of plasma α2-macroglobulin in acute pancreatitis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(11):1183–1189.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodríguez-Calvo R, Ferrán B, Alonso J, et al. NR4A receptors up-regulate the antiproteinase alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M) and modulate MMP-2 and MMP-9 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Thromb Haemost. 2015;113(06):1323–1334. doi:10.1160/TH14-07-0645
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Serifova X, Ugarte-Berzal E, Opdenakker G, Vandooren J. Homotrimeric MMP-9 is an active hitchhiker on alpha-2-macroglobulin partially escaping protease inhibition and internalization through LRP-1. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020;77(15):3013–3026. doi:10.1007/s00018-019-03338-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Navratilova Z, Kolek V, Petrek M. Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2016;64(3):177–193. doi:10.1007/s00005-015-0375-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey KC, De S, Mishra PK. Role of proteases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:512. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilowska I, Kasper Ł, Bogacz K, et al. Impact of matrix metalloproteinase 9 on COPD development in Polish patients: genetic polymorphism, protein level, and their relationship with lung function. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1–11. doi:10.1155/2018/6417415
   Google Scholar
• Halpin DM, Criner GJ, Papi A, et al. Global initiative for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease. The 2020 GOLD science committee report on COVID-19 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(1):24–36. doi:10.1164/rccm.202009-3533SO
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, et al. Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. An official American thoracic society and European respiratory society technical statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(8):e70–e88. doi:10.1164/rccm.201908-1590ST
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko FW, Chan KP, Hui DS, et al. Acute exacerbation of COPD. Respirology. 2016;21(7):1152–1165. doi:10.1111/resp.12780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett D, Stockley RA. Serum and sputum alpha 2 macroglobulin in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. Thorax. 1981;36(7):512–516. doi:10.1136/thx.36.7.512
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sood A, Assad NA, Barnes PJ, et al. ERS/ATS workshop report on respiratory health effects of household air pollution. Eur Respir J. 2018;51(1):1700698. doi:10.1183/13993003.00698-2017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehman AA, Ahsan H, Khan FH. Alpha‐2‐macroglobulin: a physiological guardian. J Cell Physiol. 2013;228(8):1665–1675. doi:10.1002/jcp.24266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linder R, Rönmark E, Pourazar J, Behndig AF, Blomberg A, Lindberg A. Proteolytic biomarkers are related to prognosis in COPD-report from a population-based cohort. Respir Res. 2018;19(1):1–7. doi:10.1186/s12931-018-0772-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fontana V, Silva PS, Belo VA, et al. Consistent alterations of circulating matrix metalloproteinases levels in untreated hypertensives and in spontaneously hypertensive rats: a relevant pharmacological target. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2011;109(2):130–137. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00698.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Ni H, Zhou H. Study on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their clinical significance. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017;21(9):2185–2191.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sng JJ, Prazakova S, Thomas PS, Herbert C. MMP-8, MMP-9 and neutrophil elastase in peripheral blood and exhaled breath condensate in COPD. J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2017;14(2):238–244. doi:10.1080/15412555.2016.1249790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uysal P, Uzun H. Relationship between circulating Serpina3g, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and-2 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity. Biomolecules. 2019;9(2):62. doi:10.3390/biom9020062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montaño M, Sansores RH, Becerril C, et al. FEV1 inversely correlates with metalloproteinases 1, 7, 9 and CRP in COPD by biomass smoke exposure. Respir Res. 2014;15(1):1–7. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-15-74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pinto-Plata V, Casanova C, Müllerova H, et al. Inflammatory and repair serum biomarker pattern. Association to clinical outcomes in COPD. Respir Res. 2012;13(1):1–8. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-13-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yao H, Hwang J-W, Sundar IK, et al. SIRT1 redresses the imbalance of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the development of mouse emphysema and human COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2013;305(9):L615–L624. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00249.2012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo C-Y, Huang H-Y, He J-R, et al. Increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio in smokers with airway hyperresponsiveness and accelerated lung function decline. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;13:1135. doi:10.2147/COPD.S161257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esa SA, Rawy AM, EL-Behissy MM, Kamel MH, El-Hwaitty HMMM. Study of the level of sputum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in COPD patients. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc. 2014;63(4):861–867. doi:10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.06.014
   Google Scholar
• Pons A, Sauleda J, Noguera A, et al. Decreased macrophage release of TGF-β and TIMP-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(1):60–66. doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00045504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verrills NM, Irwin JA, Yan HX, et al. Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(12):1633–1643. doi:10.1164/rccm.201010-1623OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar