Biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: confusing or useful?

References

• SevenoaksMJStockleyRAChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, inflammation and co-morbidity – a common inflammatory phenotype?Respir Res20067701916390543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CoteCGSurrogates of mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Med200611910 Suppl 1S54S6216843086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DonaldsonGCWedzichaJACOPD exacerbations 1: EpidemiologyThorax200661216416816443707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClarkKDWardrobe-WongNElliottJJGillPTTaitNPSnashallPDPatterns of lung disease in a “normal” smoking population: are emphysema and airflow obstruction found together?Chest2001120374374711555504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JonesPWHealth status and the spiral of declineCOPD200961596319229709
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DawkinsPADawkinsCLWoodAMNightingalePGStockleyJAStockleyRARate of progression of lung function impairment in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiencyEur Respir J20093361338134419164359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingo-SalvanyALamarcaRFerrerMHealth-related quality of life and mortality in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med2002166568068512204865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NishimuraKIzumiTTsukinoMOgaTDyspnea is a better predictor of 5-year survival than airway obstruction in patients with COPDChest200212151434144012006425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GerardiDALovettLBenoit-ConnorsMLReardonJZZuWallackRLVariables related to increased mortality following out-patient pulmonary rehabilitationEur Respir J1996934314358730000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LandboCPrescottELangePVestboJAlmdalTPPrognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med199916061856186110588597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CelliBRCoteCGMarinJMThe body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseN Engl J Med2004350101005101214999112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CasanovaCde TorresJPAguirre-JaímeAThe progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is heterogeneous: the experience of the BODE cohortAm J Respir Crit Care Med201118491015102121836135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MartinezFJHanMKAndreiACNational Emphysema Treatment Trial Research GroupLongitudinal change in the BODE index predicts mortality in severe emphysemaAm J Respir Crit Care Med2008178549149918535255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JonesPWBrusselleGDal NegroRWProperties of the COPD assessment test in a cross-sectional European studyEur Respir J2011381293521565915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParrDGStoelBCStolkJStockleyRAPattern of emphysema distribution in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency influences lung function impairmentAm J Respir Crit Care Med2004170111172117815306534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarunaAMuroSNakanoYCT scan findings of emphysema predict mortality in COPDChest2010138363564020382712
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KleinJSGamsuGWebbWRGoldenJAMüllerNLHigh-resolution CT diagnosis of emphysema in symptomatic patients with normal chest radiographs and isolated low diffusing capacityRadiology199218238178211535900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StolkJStockleyRAStoelBCRandomised controlled trial for emphysema with a selective agonist of the γ-type retinoic acid receptorEur Respir J201240230631222282548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DirksenAPiitulainenEParrDGExploring the role of CT densitometry: a randomised study of augmentation therapy in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiencyEur Respir J20093361345135319196813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StolkJCooperBGStoelBRetinoid treatment of Emphysema in Patients on the Alpha-1 International Registry. The REPAIR study: study design, methodology and quality control of study assessmentsTher Adv Respir Dis20104631933220926506
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GalbánCJHanMKBoesJLComputed tomography-based biomarker provides unique signature for diagnosis of COPD phenotypes and disease progressionNat Med201218111711171523042237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TanabeNMuroSOgumaTComputed tomography assessment of pharmacological lung volume reduction induced by bronchodilators in COPDCOPD20129440140822509949
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martínez-GarcíaMAde la Rosa CarrilloDSoler-CataluñaJJPrognostic value of bronchiectasis in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med2013187882383123392438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuerraSSherrillDLVenkerCCeccatoCMHalonenMMartinezFDChronic bronchitis before age 50 years predicts incident airflow limitation and mortality riskThorax2009641089490019581277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de OcaMMHalbertRJLopezMVThe chronic bronchitis phenotype in subjects with and without COPD: the PLATINO studyEur Respir J2012401283622282547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CalverleyPMBoonsawatWCsekeZZhongNPetersonSOlssonHMaintenance therapy with budesonide and formoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEur Respir J200322691291914680078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CalverleyPMRabeKFGoehringUMKristiansenSFabbriLMMartinezFJM2-124 and M2-125 study groupsRoflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trialsLancet2009374969168569419716960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KuhnCYuSYChraplyvyMLinderHESeniorRMThe induction of emphysema with elastase. II. Changes in connective tissueLab Invest1976344372380177809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaurellCBErikssonSThe electrophoretic alpha 1-globulin pattern of serum in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiencyScand J Clin Lab Invest196315132140
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SeniorRMTegnerHKuhnCOhlssonKStarcherBCPierceJAThe induction of pulmonary emphysema with human leukocyte elastaseAm Rev Respir Dis19771163469475900634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KaoRCWehnerNGSkubitzKMGrayBHHoidalJRProteinase 3. A distinct human polymorphonuclear leukocyte proteinase that produces emphysema in hamstersJ Clin Invest1988826196319733198760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShapiroSDEndicottSKProvinceMAPierceJACampbellEJMarked longevity of human lung parenchymal elastic fibers deduced from prevalence of D-aspartate and nuclear weapons-related radiocarbonJ Clin Invest1991875182818342022748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FregoneseLFerrariFFumagalliMLuisettiMStolkJIadarolaPLong-term variability of desmosine/isodesmosine as biomarker in alpha-1-antritrypsin deficiency-related COPDCOPD20118532933321793711
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LuisettiMMaSIadarolaPDesmosine as a biomarker of elastin degradation in COPD: current status and future directionsEur Respir J20083251146115718978133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ViglioSIadarolaPLupiAMEKC of desmosine and isodesmosine in urine of chronic destructive lung disease patientsEur Respir J20001561039104510885422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skjøt-ArkilHClausenRERasmussenLMAcute Myocardial Infarction and Pulmonary Diseases Result in Two Different Degradation Profiles of Elastin as Quantified by Two Novel ELISAsPLoS One201386e6093623805173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LindbergCAEngströmGde VerdierMGTotal desmosines in plasma and urine correlate with lung functionEur Respir J201239483984521965222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TurinoGMMaSLinYYCantorJOLuisettiMMatrix elastin: a promising biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med2011184663764121757624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MorrisonHMWelgusHGStockleyRABurnettDCampbellEJInhibition of human leukocyte elastase bound to elastin: relative ineffectiveness and two mechanisms of inhibitory activityAm J Respir Cell Mol Biol1990232632692310584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StockleyRABurnettDAlpha1-antitrypsin and leukocyte elastase in infected and non-infected sputumAm Rev Respir Dis197912010811086315741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HillATCampbellEJBayleyDLHillSLStockleyRAEvidence for excessive bronchial inflammation during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ)Am J Respir Crit Care Med199916061968197510588615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StockleyRAHillSLMorrisonHMStarkieCMElastolytic activity of sputum and its relation to purulence and to lung function in patients with bronchiectasisThorax19843964084136565423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JacksonAHHillSLAffordSCStockleyRASputum sol-phase proteins and elastase activity in patients with cystic fibrosisEur J Respir Dis19846521141246421611
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HillATCampbellEJHillSLBayleyDLStockleyRAAssociation between airway bacterial load and markers of airway inflammation in patients with stable chronic bronchitisAm J Med2000109428829510996579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SapeyEStockleyRANeutrophilsBarnesPJChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms198New York, NYTaylor and Francis Group2005133170
   Google Scholar
• SindenNJStockleyRAProteinase 3 activity in sputum from subjects with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and COPDEur Respir J20134151042105022936713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurnettDReynoldsJJWardRVAffordSCStockleyRATissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and collagenase inhibitory activity in lung secretions from patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: effect of corticosteroid treatmentThorax198641107407453787506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurnettDCrockerJStockleyRACathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase activity in sputum and immunohistologic identification of cathepsin B in alveolar macrophagesAm Rev Respir Dis198312859159196357015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StockleyRARennardSIRabeKCelliBProteinases and COPDSullivanALStockleyRAChronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseOxfordBlackwell Publishing Ltd2008349366
   Google Scholar
• GadekJEKleinHGHollandPVCrystalRGReplacement therapy of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Reversal of protease-antiprotease imbalance within the alveolar structures of PiZ subjectsJ Clin Invest1981685115811657028785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StockleyRABayleyDLUnsalIDowsonLJThe effect of augmentation therapy on bronchial inflammation in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiencyAm J Respir Crit Care Med2002165111494149812045122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CarterRIMumfordRATreonzeKMThe fibrinogen cleavage product Aα-Val360, a specific marker of neutrophil elastase activity in vivoThorax201166868669121617168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CarterRIUngursMJMumfordRAStockleyRAAα-Val360: a marker of neutrophil elastase and COPD disease activityEur Respir J2013411313822523359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ButtleDJAbrahamsonMBurnettDHuman sputum cathepsin B degrades proteoglycan, is inhibited by alpha 2-macroglobulin and is modulated by neutrophil elastase cleavage of cathepsin B precursor and cystatin CBiochem J1991276Pt 23253311710889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GeraghtyPRoganMPGreeneCMAlpha-1-antitrypsin aerosolised augmentation abrogates neutrophil elastase-induced expression of cathepsin B and matrix metalloprotease 2 in vivo and in vitroThorax200863762162618250185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OkadaYNakanishiIActivation of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (‘gelatinase’) by human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin GFEBS Lett198924923533562544455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChurgAZhouSWrightJLSeries “matrix metalloproteinases in lung health and disease”: Matrix metalloproteinases in COPDEur Respir J201239119720921920892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StănescuDSannaAVeriterCAirways obstruction, chronic expectoration, and rapid decline of FEV1 in smokers are associated with increased levels of sputum neutrophilsThorax19965132672718779129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SubramanianDRJenkinsLEdgarRQuraishiNStockleyRAParrDGAssessment of pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation in emphysema by quantitative positron emission tomographyAm J Respir Crit Care Med2012186111125113222837375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DamianoVVTsangAKucichUImmunolocalization of elastase in human emphysematous lungsJ Clin Invest19867824824933525610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurnettDChambaAHillSLStockleyRANeutrophils from subjects with chronic obstructive lung disease show enhanced chemotaxis and extracellular proteolysisLancet198728567104310462889963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WoolhouseISBayleyDLLalorPAdamsDHStockleyRAEndothelial interactions of neutrophils under flow in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEur Respir J200525461261715802333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SapeyEStockleyJAGreenwoodHBehavioral and structural differences in migrating peripheral neutrophils from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med201118391176118621257786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrightlingCEMonteiroWWardRSputum eosinophilia and short-term response to prednisolone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trialLancet200035692401480148511081531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BafadhelMMcKennaSTerrySBlood eosinophils to direct corticosteroid treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized placebo-controlled trialAm J Respir Crit Care Med20121861485522447964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PostmaDSde VriesKKoëterGHSluiterHJIndependent influence of reversibility of air-flow obstruction and nonspecific hyperreactivity on the long-term course of lung function in chronic air-flow obstructionAm Rev Respir Dis198613422762802874759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LouhelainenNMyllärniemiMRahmanIKinnulaVLAirway biomarkers of the oxidant burden in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current and future perspectivesInt J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis20083458560319281076
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KirkhamPABarnesPJOxidative stress in COPDChest2013144126627323880677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FischerBMPavliskoEVoynowJAPathogenic triad in COPD: oxidative stress, protease-antiprotease imbalance, and inflammationInt J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis2011641342121857781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RidkerPMRifaiNRoseLBuringJECookNRComparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular eventsN Engl J Med2002347201557156512432042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AronsonDRotermanIYiglaMInverse association between pulmonary function and C-reactive protein in apparently healthy subjectsAm J Respir Crit Care Med2006174662663216778162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto-PlataVMMüllerovaHTosoJFC-reactive protein in patients with COPD, control smokers and non-smokersThorax2006611232816143583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DahlMVestboJZachoJLangePTybjærg-HansenANordestgaardBGC reactive protein and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Mendelian randomisation approachThorax201166319720421059738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StockleyRAO’BrienCPyeAHillSLRelationship of sputum color to nature and outpatient management of acute exacerbations of COPDChest200011761638164510858396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PereraWRHurstJRWilkinsonTMInflammatory changes, recovery and recurrence at COPD exacerbationEur Respir J200729352753417107990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuvoixADickensJHaqIBlood fibrinogen as a biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseThorax201368767067622744884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LomasDASilvermanEKEdwardsLDEvaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints Study InvestigatorsSerum surfactant protein D is steroid sensitive and associated with exacerbations of COPDEur Respir J20093419510219164344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SinDDManSFMarciniukDDABC (Advair, Biomarkers in COPD) InvestigatorsThe effects of fluticasone with or without salmeterol on systemic biomarkers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med2008177111207121418310480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LomasDALipsonDAMillerBELosmapimod Study InvestigatorsAn oral inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase reduces plasma fibrinogen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseJ Clin Pharmacol201252341642422090363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AgustíAEdwardsLDRennardSIEvaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) InvestigatorsPersistent systemic inflammation is associated with poor clinical outcomes in COPD: a novel phenotypePLoS One201275e3748322624038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DickensJAMillerBEEdwardsLDSilvermanEKLomasDATal-SingerREvaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) study investigatorsCOPD association and repeatability of blood biomarkers in the ECLIPSE cohortRespir Res20111214622054035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VestboJEdwardsLDScanlonPDECLIPSE InvestigatorsChanges in forced expiratory volume in 1 second over time in COPDN Engl J Med2011365131184119221991892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KnudsenLOchsMMackayRTruncated recombinant human SP-D attenuates emphysema and type II cell changes in SP-D deficient miceRespir Res200787017915009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SimsMWTal-SingerRMKiersteinSChronic obstructive pulmonary disease and inhaled steroids alter surfactant protein D (SP-D) levels: a cross-sectional studyRespir Res200891318226251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SinDDLeungRGanWQManSPCirculating surfactant protein D as a potential lung-specific biomarker of health outcomes in COPD: a pilot studyBMC Pulm Med200771317922919
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ForemanMGKongXDeMeoDLPolymorphisms in surfactant protein-D are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Cell Mol Biol201144331632220448057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WoolhouseISBayleyDLStockleyRAEffect of sputum processing with dithiothreitol on the detection of inflammatory mediators in chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasisThorax200257866767112149524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BayleyDLAbusriwilHAhmadAStockleyRAValidation of assays for inflammatory mediators in exhaled breath condensateEur Respir J200831594394818216059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SapeyEBayleyDAhmadANewboldPSnellNStockleyRAInter-relationships between inflammatory markers in patients with stable COPD with bronchitis: intra-patient and inter-patient variabilityThorax200863649349918057097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SindenNJStockleyRASystemic inflammation and comorbidity in COPD: a result of ‘overspill’ of inflammatory mediators from the lungs? Review of the evidenceThorax2010651093093620627907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AaronSDAngelJBLunauMGranulocyte inflammatory markers and airway infection during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med2001163234935511179105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeghéBVerduriARocaMFabbriLMExacerbation of respiratory symptoms in COPD patients may not be exacerbations of COPDEur Respir J201341499399523543648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeckerKLSniderRNylenESProcalcitonin in sepsis and systemic inflammation: a harmful biomarker and a therapeutic targetBr J Pharmacol2010159225326420002097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SolerNEsperattiMEwigSHuertaAAgustíCTorresASputum purulence-guided antibiotic use in hospitalised patients with exacerbations of COPDEur Respir J20124061344135322523352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FalseyARBeckerKLSwinburneAJUtility of serum procalcitonin values in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cautionary noteInt J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis2012712713522399852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BozinovskiSHutchinsonAThompsonMSerum amyloid a is a biomarker of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med2008177326927818006888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WoolhouseISHillSLStockleyRASymptom resolution assessed using a patient directed diary card during treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitisThorax2001561294795311713358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MiravitllesMMarínAMonsóEColour of sputum is a marker for bacterial colonisation in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseRespir Res2010115820470372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WheelockÅMWheelockCETrials and tribulations of ‘omics data analysis: assessing quality of SIMCA-based multivariate models using examples from pulmonary medicineMol Biosyst20139112589259623999822
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AuffrayCAdcockIMChungKFDjukanovicRPisonCSterkPJAn integrative systems biology approach to understanding pulmonary diseasesChest201013761410141620525651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NicholasBLO’ConnorCDDjukanovicRFrom proteomics to prescription-the search for COPD biomarkersCOPD20096429830319811390
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PaigeMBurdickMDKimSXuJLeeJKMichael ShimYPilot analysis of the plasma metabolite profiles associated with emphysematous Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease phenotypeBiochem Biophys Res Commun2011413458859321925153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ItoINagaiSHandaTMatrix metalloproteinase-9 promoter polymorphism associated with upper lung dominant emphysemaAm J Respir Crit Care Med2005172111378138216126934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SapeyEWoodAMAhmadAStockleyRATumor necrosis factor-{alpha} rs361525 polymorphism is associated with increased local production and downstream inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med2010182219219920299531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SørheimICDeMeoDLWashkoGInternational COPD Genetics Network InvestigatorsPolymorphisms in the superoxide dismutase-3 gene are associated with emphysema in COPDCOPD20107426226820673035
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeMeoDLMarianiTBhattacharyaSIntegration of genomic and genetic approaches implicates IREB2 as a COPD susceptibility geneAm J Hum Genet200985449350219800047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SadeghnejadAMeyersDABottaiMSterlingDABleeckerEROharJAIL13 promoter polymorphism 1112C/T modulates the adverse effect of tobacco smoking on lung functionAm J Respir Crit Care Med2007176874875217615386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CooksonWOMoffattMFGenetics of complex airway diseaseProc Am Thorac Soc20118214915321543792
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HallIPStratified medicine: drugs meet geneticsEur Respir Rev201322127535723457165
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MarianiTJMartinezFChronic obstructive pulmonary disease genomics: yesterday, discovering population biomarkers; tomorrow, defining disease clustersAm J Respir Crit Care Med2013187990090223634854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FigarskaSMVonkJMvan DiemenCCPostmaDSBoezenHMADAM33 gene polymorphisms and mortality. A prospective cohort studyPLoS One201387e6776823861802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van DiemenCCPostmaDSVonkJMBruinenbergMSchoutenJPBoezenHMA disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 polymorphisms and lung function decline in the general populationAm J Respir Crit Care Med2005172332933315879414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GosmanMMBoezenHMvan DiemenCCA disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathophysiologyThorax200762324224717090574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar