References
- Masaoka T, Tack J. Gastroparesis: current concepts and management. Gut Liver. 2009;3(3):166–173. doi:10.5009/gnl.2009.3.3.16620431741
- Parkman HP, Hasler WL, Fisher RS; American Gastroenterological Association. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on the diagnosis and treatment of gastroparesis. Gastroenterology. 2004;127(5):1592–1622.15521026
- Abrahamsson H. Treatment options for patients with severe gastroparesis. Gut. 2007;56(6):877–883. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.07812117519490
- Erbas T, Varoglu E, Erbas B, Tastekin G, Akalin S. Comparison of metoclopramide and erythromycin in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. Diabetes Care. 1993;16(11):1511–1514. doi:10.2337/diacare.16.11.15118299441
- Janssens J, Peeters TL, Vantrappen G, et al. Improvement of gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis by erythromycin. Preliminary studies. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(15):1028–1031. doi:10.1056/NEJM1990041232215022320062
- Richards RD, Davenport K, McCallum RW. The treatment of idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis with acute intravenous and chronic oral erythromycin. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(2):203–207.8424421
- Hawkyard CV, Koerner RJ. The use of erythromycin as a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent in adult critical care: benefits versus risks. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;59(3):347–358. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl53717289772
- Rao AS, Camilleri M. Review article: metoclopramide and tardive dyskinesia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31(1):11–19. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04189.x19886950
- Rumore MM. Cardiovascular adverse effects of metoclopramide: review of literature. Int J Case Rep Images. 2012;3(5):1–10. doi:10.5348/ijcri-2012-05-116-RA-1
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). European Medicines Agency recommends changes to the use of metoclopramide; 2013. Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Referrals_document/Metoclopramide_31/WC500146610.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2021.
- Darmani NA, Zhao W, Ahmad B. The role of D2 and D3 dopamine receptors in the mediation of emesis in Cryptotis parva (the least shrew). J Neural Transm. 1999;106(11–12):1045–1061. doi:10.1007/s00702005022210651102
- Kashyap P, Micci MA, Pasricha S, Pasricha PJ. The D2/D3 agonist PD128907 (R-(+)-trans-3,4a,10b-tetrahydro-4-propyl-2H,5H-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-b]-1,4-oxazin- 9-ol) inhibits stimulated pyloric relaxation and spontaneous gastric emptying. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(1):57–62. doi:10.1007/s10620-008-0335-618600456
- Lee A, Kuo B. Metoclopramide in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2010;5(5):653–662. doi:10.1586/eem.10.4121278804
- Barone JA. Domperidone: a peripherally acting dopamine2-receptor antagonist. Ann Pharmacother. 1999;33(4):429–440. doi:10.1345/aph.1800310332535
- Michaud V, Turgeon J. Domperidone and sudden cardiac death: how much longer should we wait? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2013;61(3):215–217. doi:10.1097/FJC.0b013e31827e257323328387
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). Domperidone, Summary of product characteristics; 2021. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/556/smpc#POSOLOGY. Accessed July 1, 2021.
- Rossi M, Giorgi G. Domperidone and long QT syndrome. Curr Drug Saf. 2010;5(3):257–262. doi:10.2174/15748861079169833420394569
- Whiting RL, Darpo B, Chen C, et al. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of trazpiroben (TAK-906), a novel selective D2 /D3 receptor antagonist: a phase 1 randomized, placebo-controlled single- and multiple-dose escalation study in healthy participants. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2021. doi:10.1002/cpdd.906
- Guengerich FP. Role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug-drug interactions. Adv Pharmacol. 1997;43:7–35.9342171
- The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). SPORANOX® (itraconazole). Prescribing information; 2010. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/022484S000lbl.pdf. Accessed 71, 2021.
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). SPORANOX® (itraconazole). Summary of product characteristics; 2020. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1513/smpc. Accessed 7 1, 2021.
- Vandenberk B, Vandael E, Robyns T, et al. Which QT correction formulae to use for QT monitoring? J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(6):e003264. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.00326427317349
- The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers; 2020. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-interactions-labeling/drug-development-and-drug-interactions-table-substrates-inhibitors-and-inducers. Accessed 1124, 2020.
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). Guideline on the investigation of drug interactions; 2012. Available from https://www.emaeuropaeu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-investigation-drug-interactions-revision-1_enpdf. Accessed July 1, 2021.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Clinical Drug Interaction Studies – cytochrome P450 Enzyme- and Transporter-Mediated Drug Interactions: guidance for Industry; 2020. Available from https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/clinical-drug-interaction-studies-cytochrome-p450-enzyme-and-transporter-mediated-drug-interactions. Accessed July 1, 2021.
- Wang EJ, Lew K, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW. Interaction of common azole antifungals with P glycoprotein. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46(1):160–165. doi:10.1128/AAC.46.1.160-165.200211751127
- Collins KK, Sondheimer JM. Domperidone-induced QT prolongation: add another drug to the list. J Pediatr. 2008;153(5):596–598. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.06.00918940349
- Johannes CB, Varas‐Lorenzo C, McQuay LJ, Midkiff KD, Fife D. Risk of serious ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in a cohort of users of domperidone: a nested case‐control study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010;19(9):881–888. doi:10.1002/pds.201620652862
- Straus SMJM, Sturkenboom MCJM, Bleumink G, et al. Non-cardiac QTc-prolonging drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(19):2007–2012. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi31215888497
- Boyce MJ, Baisley KJ, Warrington SJ. Pharmacokinetic interaction between domperidone and ketoconazole leads to QT prolongation in healthy volunteers: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;73(3):411–421. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04093.x21883386
- Zucker I, Prendergast BJ. Sex differences in pharmacokinetics predict adverse drug reactions in women. Biol Sex Differ. 2020;11:1–14. doi:10.1186/s13293-020-00308-531900228
- Camilleri M, Chedid V, Ford AC, et al. Gastroparesis. Nature Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4(1):1–19. doi:10.1038/s41572-018-0038-z29930242