Therapeutic Effects of Qingchang Tongluo Decoction on Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn’s Disease: Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Experiment Validation

References

• Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Crohn’s disease. Lancet. 2012;380(9853):1590. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60026-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wynn TA, Ramalingam TR. Mechanisms of fibrosis: therapeutic translation for fibrotic disease. Nat Med. 2012;18(7):1028–1040. doi:10.1038/nm.2807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louis E, Collard A, Oger FA, et al. Behaviour of crohn’s disease according to the Vienna classification: changing pattern over the course of the disease. Gut. 2001;49(6):777–782. doi:10.1136/gut.49.6.777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinelli A, Correale C, Szabo H, et al. Intestinal fibrosis in crohn’s disease: Medical treatment or surgery? Curr Drug Targets. 2010;11(2):242–248. doi:10.2174/138945010790309984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Alessio S, Ungaro F, Noviello D, et al. Revisiting fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease: The gut thickens. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;19(3):169–184. doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00543-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenke E. Bourke BKnaus U. Crohn’s strictures-moving away from the knife. Front Pediatr. 2017;5:141. doi:10.3389/fped.2017.00141
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Powell DW, Pinchuk IV, Saada JI, et al. Mesenchymal cells of the intestinal lamina propria. Annu Rev Physiol. 2011;73:213–237. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koumas L, Smith TJ, Feldon S, et al. Thy-1 expression in human fibroblast subsets defines myofibroblastic or lipofibroblastic phenotypes. Am J Pathol. 2003;163(4):1291–1300. doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63488-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieder F, Fiocchi C. Intestinal fibrosis in ibd--a dynamic, multifactorial process. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;6(4):228–235. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valatas V, Filidou E, Drygiannakis I, et al. Stromal and immune cells in gut fibrosis: The myofibroblast and the scarface. Ann Gastroenterol. 2017;30(4):393–404. doi:10.20524/aog.2017.0146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imai J, Hozumi K, Sumiyoshi H, et al. Anti-fibrotic effects of a novel small compound on the regulation of cytokine production in a mouse model of colorectal fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;468(4):554–560. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrance IC, Rogler G, Bamias G, et al. Cellular and molecular mediators of intestinal fibrosis. J Crohns Colitis. 2017;11(12):1491–1503. doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2014.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Deng T, Wang Y, et al. Calycosin inhibits intestinal fibrosis on ccd-18co cells via modulating transforming growth factor-β/smad signaling pathway. Pharmacology. 2019;104(1–2):81–89. doi:10.1159/000500186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speca S, Rousseaux C, Dubuquoy C, et al. Novel pparγ modulator ged-0507-34 levo ameliorates inflammation-driven intestinal fibrosis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22(2):279–292. doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Zhang B. Traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology: theory, methodology and application. Chin J Nat Med. 2013;11(2):110–120. doi:10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60037-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo TT, Lu Y, Yan SK, et al. Network pharmacology in research of Chinese medicine formula: methodology, application and prospective. Chin J Integr Med. 2020;26(1):72–80. doi:10.1007/s11655-019-3064-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vakser IA. Protein-protein docking: From interaction to interactome. Biophys J. 2014;107(8):1785–1793. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang K, Chen Q, Shao Y, et al. Anticancer activities of tcm and their active components against tumor metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;133:111044. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang S, He J, Chen Y, et al. Effect of huangqin decoction on regulating intestinal flora in colitis mice characterized as inhibition of the nod2-dependent pathway. Pharm Biol. 2022;60(1):108–118. doi:10.1080/13880209.2021.2017981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan S, Li Y, Li J, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine and natural products: Potential approaches for inflammatory bowel disease. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:892790. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.892790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen H, Zhu L, Liu Y, et al. A Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Composition for the Treatment of Crohn’s Disease and Its Preparation. Jiangsu Province; 2023: 15.
   Google Scholar
• He HH, Shen HZheng K. observation of the curative effect of qingchang huashi recipe for treating active ulcerative colitis of inner-accumulation of damp-heat syndrome. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2012;32(12):1598–1601.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao ZM, Zhu CW, Huang JQ, et al. Efficacy and safety of fuzheng huayu tablet on persistent advanced liver fibrosis following 2 years entecavir treatment: a single arm clinical objective performance criteria trial. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022;298:115599. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng C, Hu J, Li Y, et al. Qing-chang-hua-shi granule ameliorates dss-induced colitis by activating nlrp6 signaling and regulating th17/treg balance. Phytomed. 2022;107:154452. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeliger D, de Groot BL. Ligand docking and binding site analysis with pymol and autodock/vina. J Comput Aided Mol Des. 2010;24(5):417–422. doi:10.1007/s10822-010-9352-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye M, Luo G, Ye D, et al. Network pharmacology, molecular docking integrated surface plasmon resonance technology reveals the mechanism of toujie quwen granules against coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia. Phytomed. 2021;85:153401. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris GP, Beck PL, Herridge MS, et al. Hapten-induced model of chronic inflammation and ulceration in the rat colon. Gastroenterology. 1989;96(3):795–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu J, Huang H, Che Y, et al. Qingchang huashi formula attenuates dss-induced colitis in mice by restoring gut microbiota-metabolism homeostasis and goblet cell function. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;266:113394. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang R, Wang D, Wang H, et al. Therapeutic targeting of nrf2 signaling by maggot extracts ameliorates inflammation-associated intestinal fibrosis in chronic dss-induced colitis. Front Immunol. 2021;12:670159. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.670159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirtz S, Popp V, Kindermann M, et al. Chemically induced mouse models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation. Nat Protoc. 2017;12(7):1295–1309. doi:10.1038/nprot.2017.044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun SM, HKim KS, H E. The molecular mechanism of transforming growth factor-β signaling for intestinal fibrosis: a mini-review. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:162. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Liu J, Tong X, et al. Network pharmacology prediction and molecular docking-based strategy to discover the potential pharmacological mechanism of huai hua san against ulcerative colitis. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2021;15:3255–3276. doi:10.2147/dddt.S319786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh A, Koenen BKirby DF. Bariatric surgery and its complications in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2020;26(8):1155–1165. doi:10.1093/ibd/izz246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X. Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions and their significance. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1141:241–291. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C OS, Doak AK, Ganesh AN, et al. Colloidal drug formulations can explain ”bell-shaped” concentration-response curves. ACS Chem Biol. 2014;9(3):777–784. doi:10.1021/cb4007584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habet S. Narrow therapeutic index drugs: clinical pharmacology perspective. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2021;73(10):1285–1291. doi:10.1093/jpp/rgab102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latella G, Sferra R, Speca S, et al. Can we prevent, reduce or reverse intestinal fibrosis in ibd? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17(10):1283–1304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik TA. Inflammatory bowel disease: historical perspective, epidemiology, and risk factors. Surg Clin North Am. 2015;95(6):1105. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2015.07.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheibe K, Kersten C, Schmied A, et al. Inhibiting interleukin 36 receptor signaling reduces fibrosis in mice with chronic intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(4):1082–1097.e11. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon IO, Agrawal N, Goldblum JR, et al. Fibrosis in ulcerative colitis: Mechanisms, features, and consequences of a neglected problem. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20(11):2198–2206. doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovisa S, Genovese GDanese S. Role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2019;13(5):659–668. doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettenworth D, Bokemeyer A, Baker M, et al. Assessment of crohn’s disease-associated small bowel strictures and fibrosis on cross-sectional imaging: a systematic review. Gut. 2019;68(6):1115–1126. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maul J, Zeitz M. Ulcerative colitis: immune function, tissue fibrosis and current therapeutic considerations. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2012;397(1):1–10. doi:10.1007/s00423-011-0789-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rams H, Rogers A, IGhandur-Mnaymneh L. Collagenous colitis. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106(1):108–113. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-106-1-108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latella G, Sferra R, Vetuschi A, et al. Prevention of colonic fibrosis by boswellia and scutellaria extracts in rats with colitis induced by 2,4,5-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008;38(6):410–420. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01955.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson NC, Rieder FWynn TA. Fibrosis: From mechanisms to medicines. Nature. 2020;587(7835):555–566. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2938-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar