References
- Pooyan P, Puruckherr M, Summers JA, et al. Pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and epidural pneumatosis in DKA. J Diabetes Complications. 2004;18(4):242–247. doi:10.1016/S1056-8727(03)00059-X
- Kouritas VK, Papagiannopoulos K, Lazaridis G, et al. Pneumomediastinum. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7(Suppl 1):S44–49. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.01.11
- Pauw RG, Ts VDW, van Dullemen HM, et al. Mediastinal emphysema complicating diabetic ketoacidosis: plea for conservative diagnostic approach. Neth J Med. 2007;65(10):368–371.
- Russo A, Del VC, Zaottini A, et al. Role of emergency thoracic ultrasonography in spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Two case report. G Chir. 2012;33(33):285–296.
- Hamman L. Spontaneus mediastinal emphysema. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1939;64:1–21.
- Zylak CM, Standen JR, Barnes GR, et al. Pneumomediastinum revisited. Radiographics. 2000;20(4):1043–1057. doi:10.1148/radiographics.20.4.g00jl131043
- Garcipérez de Vargas FJ, Gómez Barrado JJ, Luis Moyano Calvente S, et al. Pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum in a diabetic and cocaine user patient. Endocrinol Nutr. 2013;60(8):e3–4. doi:10.1016/j.endonu.2012.12.001
- Potu KC, Gedela M, Shaikh KA, et al. An unusual presentation of an unusual disease: spontaneous pneumomediastinum. S D Med. 2016;69(11):495–497.
- Pain AR, Pomroy J, Benjamin A. Hamman’s syndrome in diabetic ketoacidosis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep. 2017;2017(1). doi:10.1530/EDM-17-0135
- Ahmed M, Healy ML, O’Shea D, et al. Epidural pneumatosis associated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a rare complication of diabetic ketoacidosis. BMJ Case Rep. 2016;2016:bcr2016216295. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-216295
- Hall WB, Aris RM. Epidural pneumatosis and diffuse soft tissue free air as a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(4):e5. doi:10.1164/rccm.201105-0916IM
- Weathers LS, Brooks WG, DeClue TJ. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis: a potentially hidden complication. South Med J. 1995;88:483–484. doi:10.1097/00007611-199504000-00022
- Gabor SE, Renner H, Maier A, et al. Tension pneumomediastinum after severe vomiting in a 21-year-old female. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2005;28:502–503. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.05.015
- Lane AS, Champion B, Orde S, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis due to fulminant type 1 diabetes: a rare subtype of type 1 diabetes leading to unusual sequelae. J Intensive Care Soc. 2015;16(1):64–70. doi:10.1177/1751143714551249
- Hu Y, Ma Z, Guo Z, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2014;70(2):1385–1391. doi:10.1007/s12013-014-0068-4
- Macklin MT, Macklin CC. Malignant interstitial emphysema of the lungs and mediastinum as an important occult complication in many respiratory diseases and other conditions: an interpretation of the clinical literature in the light of laboratory experiment. Medicine. 1944;23(4):281–358. doi:10.1097/00005792-194412000-00001
- Murayama S, Gibo S. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and Macklin effect: overview and appearance on computed tomography. World J Radiol. 2014;6(11):850–854. doi:10.4329/wjr.v6.i11.850
- Bullaboy CA, Jennings RB Jr, Johnson DH, et al. Radiological case of the month. Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema caused by diabetic hyperpnea. Am J Dis Child. 1989;143(1):93–94.
- Stevens MS, Mullis TC, Carron JD. Spontaneous tracheal rupture caused by vomiting. Am J Otolaryngol. 2010;31(4):276–278. doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2009.02.008
- Vermeersch N1, Stolte C, Fostier K, et al. An unusual case of hyperglycemia, abdominal pain, and increased anion gap acidosis. J Emerg Med. 2010;39(4):449–453. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.11.004
- Sun D, Chen F, Wang C. An unusual etiology of abdominal pain and spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a young adult. Am J Emerg Med. 2014;32(8):947.e1–2. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2014.01.035
- Alkhuja S, Gazizov N, Charles G. Pneumomediastinum complicating diabetic ketoacidosis and Boerhaave’s syndrome. Case Rep Med. 2013;2013:598720.
- Flores López EN, Alvarez Torrecilla LC, López Alférez R. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2014;50(10):459. doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2013.09.004
- Speksnijder L, Duvekot JJ, Duschek EJ, Jebbink MC, Bremer HA. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a rare presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis in a pregnant woman. Obstet Med. 2010;3(4):158–160. doi:10.1258/om.2010.100028
- Lin SY, Chang CT, Chen CC, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis complicated by pneumomediastinum and Mallory-Weiss tear in a young boy with new onset Type 2 diabetes. South Med J. 2008;101(7):769–770. doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318178da02
- Xing XQ, Wang J, Yang ZJ, et al. A case of diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with pneumomediastinum. Chin J Tuberculosis Respir Dis. 2011;11:859–860.
- Chapdelaine J, Beaunoyer M, Daigneault P, et al. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: are we overinvestigating? J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39(5):681–684. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2004.01.045
- Panacek EA, Singer AJ, Sherman BW, et al. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: clinical and natural history. Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21(10):1222–1227. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81750-0
- Monjardino J, Smith D, Tisdall M, et al. Hyperpnoea and emesis in a diabetic man. J R Soc Med. 2002;95(10):502–503. doi:10.1177/014107680209501007
- Levsky JM, Feuer BH, Di Vito J Jr. Pneumomediastinum in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. J Emerg Med. 2004;26(2):233–235. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2003.09.006
- Freixinet J, Garcia F, Rodriguez PM, et al. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum long-term follow-up. Respir Med. 2005;99(9):1160–1163. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2005.02.025
- Hamamoto H, Sakaguchi K, Muro S, et al. A case of Hamman’s syndrome associated with acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus presenting with abdominal pain. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 2015;112(5):856–862. doi:10.11405/nisshoshi.112.856
- Shang J, Yao HB, Zhang YB. Pneumomediastinum in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis: one case report. Tianjin Med J. 2011;8:691.
- Ruttley M, Mills RA. Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum in diabetic keto-acidosis. Br J Radiol. 1971;44(525):672–674. doi:10.1259/0007-1285-44-525-672
- Nessan VJ. Recurrent pneumomediastinum in diabetic ketoacidosis. Postgrad Med. 1974;55(6):139–140. doi:10.1080/00325481.1974.11713791
- Gong WK, Lai JB, Hu JY, et al. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis: one case report. Chin J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;9:784–786.