Omental Adipose Removal Decreases High Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients Independent of Body Mass Index

References

• Fields LE , Burt VL , Cutler JA , Hughes J , Roccella EJ , Sorlie P . The burden of adult hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: a rising tide. Hypertension . 2004;44(4):398–404. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000142248.54761.56 15326093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan BM , Jiexiang L , Hutchison FN , Ferdinand KC . Hypertension in the United States 1999–2012: progress toward healthy people 2020 goals. Circulation . 2014;130(19):1692–1699. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010676 25332288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray CJL ; US Burden of Disease Collaborators. The state of US Health, 1990–2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. JAMA . 2013;310(6):591–608. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.13805 23842577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavie CJ , Alpert MA , Arena R , Mehra MR , Milani RV , Ventura HO . Impact of obesity and the obesity paradox on prevalence and prognosis in heart failure. JACC Heart Fail . 2013;1(2):93–102. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2013.01.006 24621833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borlaug BA , Reddy YN . Getting at the heart of central obesity and the metabolic syndrome: Borlaug and Reddy: metabolic heart disease. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging . 2016;9(6):pii: e005110. doi:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.005110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark JM , Brancati FL , Diehl AM . The prevalence and etiology of elevated aminotransferase levels in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol . 2003;98(5):960–967. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07486.x 12809815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra A , Neeland IJ , Berry JD , et al. The relationship of body mass and fat distribution with incident hypertension: observations from the Dallas Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol . 2014;64(10):997–1002. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.057 25190234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim MM . Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences. Obes Rev . 2010;11(1):11–18. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00623.x 19656312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia L , Hua J , Dray X , et al. Endoscopic visceral fat removal as therapy for obesity and metabolic syndrome: a sham-controlled pilot study (with video). Gastrointest Endosc . 2011;74(3):637–644. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2011.07.006 21872714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiavon CA , Bersch-Ferreira AC , Santucci EV , et al. Effects of Bariatric surgery in obese patients with hypertension: the GATEWAY randomized trial (Gastric bypass to treat obese patients with steady hypertension). Circulation . 2018;137(11):1132–1142. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032130 29133606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G , Fagard R , Narkiewicz K , et al. 2013 ESH/ESC practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Blood Press . 2014;23(1):3–16. doi:10.3109/08037051.2014.868629 24359485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchernof A . Visceral adipocytes and the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Rev . 2007;J65(6 Pt 2):S24–9. doi:10.1301/nr.2007.jun.S24-S29
   Google Scholar
• Donahue RP , Abbott RD . Central obesity and coronary heart disease in men. Lancet . 1987;2(8569):1215. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(87)91357-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ducimetiere P , Richard J , Cambien F . The pattern of subcutaneous fat distribution in middle-aged men and the risk of coronary heart disease: the Paris prospective study. Int J Obes . 1986;10(3):229–240.3759330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platell C , Cooper D , Papadimitriou JM , Hall JC . The omentum. World J Gastroenterol . 2000;6(2):169–176.11819552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy MJ , Galvin KC , Kavanagh ME , et al. CCR1 antagonism attenuates T cell trafficking to omentum and liver in obesity-associated cancer. Immunol Cell Biol . 2016;94(6):531–537. doi:10.1038/icb.2016.26 27046081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf D , Jehle F , Michel NA , et al. Coinhibitory suppression of T cell activation by CD40 protects against obesity and adipose tissue inflammation in mice. Circulation . 2014;129(23):2414–2425. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008055 24664276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lysaght J , Allott EH , Donohoe CL , Howard JM , Pidgeon GP , Reynolds JV . T lymphocyte activation in visceral adipose tissue of patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Br J Surg . 2011;98(7):964–974. doi:10.1002/bjs.7498 21520028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong XQ , Chen WW , Han Y , et al. Enhanced adipose afferent reflex contributes to sympathetic activation in diet-induced obesity hypertension. Hypertension . 2012;60(5):1280–1286. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.198002 23033372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong XQ , Chen WW , Zhu GQ . Adipose afferent reflex: sympathetic activation and obesity hypertension. Acta Physiol . 2014;210(3):468–478. doi:10.1111/apha.12182
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy OT , Perugini RA , Nicoloro SM , et al. Body mass index-independent inflammation in omental adipose tissue associated with insulin resistance in morbid obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis . 2011;7(1):60–67. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2010.05.013 20678967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenquist KJ , Pedley A , Massaro JM , et al. Visceral and subcutaneous fat quality is associated with cardiometabolic risk. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging . 2013;6(7):762–771. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.11.021 23664720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lemos JA , Neeland IJ . Separating the VAT from the FAT new insights into the cardiometabolic risks of obesity. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging . 2014;7(12):1236–1238. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.08.007 25496542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berings M , Wehlou C , Verrijken A , et al. Glucose intolerance and the amount of visceral adipose tissue contribute to an increase in circulating triglyceride concentrations in Caucasian obese females. PLoS One . 2012;7(9):e45145. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045145 23028811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster MT , Shi H , Seeley RJ , Woods SC . Removal of intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue improves glucose tolerance in rats: role of hepatic triglyceride storage. Physiol Behav . 2011;104(5):845–854. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.04.064 21683727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar