Correlation Between the Distribution of Abdominal, Pericardial and Subcutaneous Fat and Muscle and Age and Gender in a Middle-Aged and Elderly Population

References

• Villareal DT , Apovian CM , Kushner RF , Klein S ; American Society for Nutrition; NAASO, The Obesity Society. Obesity in older adults: technical review and position statement of the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, The Obesity Society. Obes Res . 2005;13(11):1849–1863. doi:10.1038/oby.2005.228 16339115
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Batsis JA , Mackenzie TA , Bartels SJ , Sahakyan KR , Somers VK , Lopez-Jimenez F . Diagnostic accuracy of body mass index to identify obesity in older adults: NHANES 1999–2004. Int J Obes (Lond) . 2016;40(5):761–767. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.243 26620887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox CS , Massaro JM , Hoffmann U , et al. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation . 2007;116(1):39–48. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355 17576866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Després JP . Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update. Circulation . 2012;126(10):1301–1313. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.067264 22949540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaap LA , van Schoor NM , Lips P , Visser M . Associations of sarcopenia definitions, and their components, with the incidence of recurrent falling and fractures: the longitudinal aging Study Amsterdam. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci . 2018;73(9):1199–1204. doi:10.1093/gerona/glx245 29300839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaudart C , Biver E , Reginster JY , et al. Validation of the SarQoL®, a specific health-related quality of life questionnaire for Sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle . 2017;8(2):238–244. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12149 27897430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mijnarends DM , Luiking YC , Halfens RJG , et al. Muscle, health and costs: a glance at their relationship. J Nutr Health Aging . 2018;22(7):766–773. doi:10.1007/s12603-018-1058-9 30080217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dos Santos L , Cyrino ES , Antunes M , Santos DA , Sardinha LB . Sarcopenia and physical independence in older adults: the independent and synergic role of muscle mass and muscle function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle . 2017;8(2):245–250. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12160 27897417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffl M , Bohannon RW , Sontakova L , Tufano JJ , Shiells K , Holmerova I . Relationship between sarcopenia and physical activity in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging . 2017;17(12):835–845. doi:10.2147/CIA.S132940
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahat G , Ilhan B . Sarcopenia and the cardiometabolic syndrome: a narrative review. Eur Geriatr Med . 2016;6(3):220–223. doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2015.12.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bone AE , Hepgul N , Kon S , Maddocks M . Sarcopenia and frailty in chronic respiratory disease. Chron Respir Dis . 2017;14(1):85–99. doi:10.1177/1479972316679664 27923981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Buyser SL , Petrovic M , Taes YE , et al. Validation of the FNIH sarcopenia criteria and SOF frailty index as predictors of long-term mortality in ambulatory older men. Age Ageing . 2016;45(5):602–608. doi:10.1093/ageing/afw071 27126327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuk JL , Ardern CI . Are metabolically normal but obese individuals at lower risk for all-cause mortality? Diabetes Care . 2009;32(12):2297–2299. doi:10.2337/dc09-0574 19729521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray GA , Jablonski KA , Fujimoto WY , et al. Diabetes prevention program research G relation of central adiposity and body mass index to the development of diabetes in the diabetes prevention program. Am J Clin Nutr . 2008;87(5):1212–1218. doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1212 18469241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodpaster BH , Thaete FL , Simoneau JA , Kelley DE . Subcutaneous abdominal fat and thigh muscle composition predict insulin sensitivity independently of visceral fat. Diabetes . 1997;46(10):1579–1585. doi:10.2337/diacare.46.10.1579 9313753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannel WB , Cupples LA , Ramaswami R , Stokes J 3rd , Kreger BE , Higgins M . Regional obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease; the Framingham Study. J Clin Epidemiol . 1991;44(2):183–190. doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90265-B 1995775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donahue RP , Abbott RD . Central obesity and coronary heart disease in men. Lancet . 1987;2(8569):1215. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(87)91357-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassano PA , Segal MR , Vokonas PS , Weiss ST . Body fat distribution, blood pressure, and hypertension. A prospective cohort study of men in the normative aging study. Ann Epidemiol . 1990;1(1):33–48. doi:10.1016/1047-2797(90)90017-M 1669488
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vgontzas AN , Papanicolaou DA , Bixler EO , et al. Sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness and fatigue: relation to visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and hypercytokinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2000;85(3):1151–1158. doi:10.1210/jcem.85.3.6484 10720054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britton KA , Massaro JM , Murabito JM , Kreger BE , Hoffmann U , Fox CS . Body fat distribution, incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol . 2013;62(10):921–925. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.06.027 23850922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pischon T , Boeing H , Hoffmann K , et al. General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl J Med . 2008;359(20):2105–2120. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0801891 19005195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM , Williams C , Vega L . Upper body fat predicts metabolic syndrome similarly in men and women. Eur J Clin Invest . 2018;48(7):e12941. doi:10.1111/eci.12941 29682733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho E , Shimada Y . Formation of the epicardium studied with the scanning electron microscope. Dev Biol . 1978;66(2):579–585. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(78)90263-4 700255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corradi D , Maestri R , Callegari S , et al. The ventricular epicardial fat is related to the myocardial mass in normal, ischemic and hypertrophic hearts. Cardiovasc Pathol . 2004;13(6):313–316. doi:10.1016/j.carpath.2004.08.005 15556777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosito GA , Massaro JM , Hoffmann U , et al. Pericardial fat, visceral abdominal fat, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular calcification in a community-based sample: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation . 2008;117(5):605–613. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743062 18212276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding J , Kritchevsky SB , Harris TB , et al.; Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. The association of pericardial fat with calcified coronary plaque. Obesity (Silver Spring) . 2008;16(8):1914–1919. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.278.18535554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki K , Matsumoto T , Aono H , Furukawa H , Samukawa M . Relationship between epicardial fat measured by 64-multidetector computed tomography and coronary artery disease. Clin Cardiol . 2011;34(3):166–171. doi:10.1002/clc.20840 21337349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yerramasu A , Dey D , Venuraju S , et al. Increased volume of epicardial fat is an independent risk factor for accelerated progression of sub-clinical coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2012;220(1):223–230. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.09.041 22015177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito T , Suzuki Y , Ehara M , et al. Impact of epicardial fat volume on coronary artery disease in symptomatic patients with a zero calcium score. Int J Cardiol . 2013;167(6):2852–2858. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.07.026 22882959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz-Jentoft AJ , Bahat G , Bauer J , et al.; Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing . 2019;48(1):16–31. doi:10.1093/ageing/afy169.30312372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamaguchi Y , Kaido T , Okumura S , et al. Proposal for new diagnostic criteria for low skeletal muscle mass based on computed tomography imaging in Asian adults. Nutrition. 2016;32(11–12):1200–1205. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2016.04.003 27292773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imaizumi T , Shiga Y , Idemoto Y , et al. Associations between the psoas major muscle index and the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Medicine (Baltimore) . 2020;99(28):e21086. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000021086 32664128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar