Identification of Hepatic Steatosis in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women Based on Phenotypes Combining Triglyceride Levels and Anthropometric Indices: A Cross-Sectional Study

References

• Younossi ZM , Koenig AB , Abdelatif D , Fazel Y , Henry L , Wymer M . Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology . 2016;64(1):73–84. doi:10.1002/hep.28431 26707365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig J , Viggiano TR , McGill DB , Oh BJ . Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clin Proc . 1980;55(7):434–438.7382552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trust for America’s Health; RobertWood Johnson Foundation. Adult obesity in the United States. Available from: http://stateofobesity.org/adult-obesity. Accessed 5 5, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Li Z , Xue J , Chen P , Chen L , Yan S , Liu L . Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mainland of China: a meta-analysis of published studies. J Gastroenterol Hepatol . 2014;29(1):42–51. doi:10.1111/jgh.12428 24219010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne CD , Targher G . NAFLD: a multisystem disease. J Hepatol . 2015;62(1):S47–S64. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012 25920090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Targher G , Byrne CD , Lonardo A , Zoppini G , Barbui C . Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol . 2016;65(3):589–600. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.013 27212244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotter TG , Rinella M . Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 2020: the state of the disease. Gastroenterology . 2020;158(7):1851–1864. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.052 32061595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castera L , Friedrich-Rust M , Loomba R . Noninvasive assessment of liver disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology . 2019;156(2019):1264–81.e4. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.036 30660725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernaez R , Lazo M , Bonekamp S , et al. Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of ultrasonography for the detection of fatty liver: a metaanalysis. Hepatology . 2011;54(3):1082–1090. doi:10.1002/hep.24452 21618575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo HJ , Park MS , Lee CH , et al. Cutoff points of abdominal obesity indices in screening for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asians. Liver Int . 2010;30(8):189–196. doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02300.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng RD , Chen ZR , Chen JN , Lu YH , Chen J . Role of body mass index, waist-to-height and waist-to-hip ratio in prediction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract . 2012;2012:362147. doi:10.1155/2012/362147 22701476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong SH , Hwang SY , Kim JA , et al. Comparison of anthropometric indices for the screening of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in pre- and postmenopausal women. Menopause . 2020;27(1):88–94. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001419 31613826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sam S , Haffner S , Davidson MH , et al. Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype predicts increased visceral fat in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care . 2009;32(10):1916–1920. doi:10.2337/dc09-0412 19592623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tankó LB , Bagger YZ , Qin G , Alexandersen P , Larsen PJ , Christiansen C . Enlarged waist combined with elevated triglycerides is a strong predictor of accelerated atherogenesis and related cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women. Circulation . 2005;111(15):1883–1890. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000161801.65408.8D 15837940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackburn P , Lemieux I , Alméras N , et al. The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype versus the national cholesterol education program-adult treatment panel III and international diabetes federation clinical criteria to identify high-risk men with an altered cardiometabolic risk profile. Metabolism . 2009;58(8):1123–1130. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.03.012 19481769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee BJ , Kim JY . Identification of metabolic syndrome using phenotypes consisting of triglyceride levels with anthropometric indices in Korean. BMC Endocr Disord . 2020;20(1):29. doi:10.1186/s12902-020-0510-0 32103744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu PJ , Ma F , Lou HP , Zhu YN . Utility of obesity indices in screening Chinese postmenopausal women for metabolic syndrome. Menopause . 2014;21(5):509–514. doi:10.1097/GME.0b013e3182a170be 23963310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed A , Wong RJ , Harrison SA . Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease review: diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol . 2015;13(12):2062–2070. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.029 26226097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venetsanaki V , Polyzos SA . Menopause and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review focusing on therapeutic perspectives. CurrVascPharmacol . 2019;17:546–555.
   Google Scholar
• Wong VW , Chu WC , Wong GL , et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in Hong Kong Chinese: a population study using proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transient elastography. Gut . 2012;61:409–415. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300342 21846782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki A , Abdelmalek MF . Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) . 2009;5(2):191–203. doi:10.2217/17455057.5.2.191
   Google Scholar
• Shi H , Cleqq DJ . Sex differences in the regulation of body weight. Physiol Behav . 2009;97:199–204.19250944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley DE , Goodpaster BH . Skeletal muscle triglyceride. An aspect of regional adiposity and insulin resistance. Diabetes Care . 2011;24(5):933–941. doi:10.2337/diacare.24.5.933
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis GF , Carpentier A , Adeli K , Giacca A . Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev . 2002;23:201–229.11943743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryysy L , Häkkinen AM , Goto T , et al. Hepatic fat content and insulin action on free fatty acids and glucose metabolism rather than insulin absorption are associated with insulin requirements during insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes . 2000;49(5):749–758. doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.5.749 10905483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodpaster BH , Thaete FL , Simoneau JA , Kelley DE . Subcutaneous abdominal fat and thigh muscle composition predict insulin sensitivity independently of visceral fat. Diabetes . 1997;46(10):1579–1585. doi:10.2337/diacare.46.10.1579 9313753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan DA , Lillioja S , Kriketos AD , et al. Skeletal muscle triglyceride levels are inversely related to insulin action. Diabetes . 1997;46(6):983–988. doi:10.2337/diab.46.6.983 9166669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovejoy JC , Champagne CM , De Jonge L , Xie H , Smith SR . Increased visceral fat and decreased energy expenditure during the menopausal transition. Int J Obes (Lond) . 2008;32(6):949–958. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.25 18332882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar