Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Between Obese and Non-Obese Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

References

• Wattacheril J . Extrahepatic Manifestations of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am . 2020;49(1):141–149. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2019.10.002 32033760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang AY , Dhaliwal J , Mouzaki M . Lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Nutr . 2019;38(3):975–981. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.008 30466956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu LN , Showalter MR , Cajka T , et al. Metabolomic characteristics of cholesterol-induced non-obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Sci Rep . 2017;7(1):6120. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05040-6 28733574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahadi M , Molooghi K , Masoudifar N , Namdar AB , Vossoughinia H , Farzanehfar M . A review of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese and lean individuals [published online ahead of print, 2020 Nov 20]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol . 2020. doi:10.1111/jgh.15353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiffer L , Kempegowda P , Arlt W , O’Reilly MW . MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: the sexually dimorphic role of androgens in human metabolic disease. Eur J Endocrinol . 2017;177(3):R125–R143. doi:10.1530/EJE-17-0124 28566439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies [published correction appears in Lancet]. Lancet . 2004;363(9403):157–163. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3 14726171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jian-gao F ; Chinese Liver Disease Association. Guidelines for management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an updated and revised edition. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi . 2010;18(3):163–166.20698076
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedman SL , Neuschwander-Tetri BA , Rinella M , Sanyal AJ . Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nat Med . 2018;24(7):908–922. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0104-9 29967350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu CJ . Prevalence and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian people who are not obese. J Gastroenterol Hepatol . 2012;27(10):1555–1560. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07222.x 22741595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams LA , Lymp JF , St Sauver J , et al. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology . 2005;129(1):113–121. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.04.014 16012941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstedt M , Franzén LE , Mathiesen UL , et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes. Hepatology . 2006;44(4):865–873. doi:10.1002/hep.21327 17006923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Targher G , Byrne CD , Tilg H . NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease: clinical associations, pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmacological implications. Gut . 2020;69(9):1691–1705. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320622 32321858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon YM , Oh SW , Hwang SS , Lee C , Kwon H , Chung GE . Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with components of metabolic syndrome according to body mass index in Korean adults. Am J Gastroenterol . 2012;107(12):1852–1858. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.314 23032980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Younossi ZM , Stepanova M , Negro F , et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in lean individuals in the United States. Medicine . 2012;91(6):319–327. doi:10.1097/MD.0b013e3182779d49 23117851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akyuz U , Yesil A , Yilmaz Y . Characterization of lean patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: potential role of high hemoglobin levels. Scand J Gastroenterol . 2015;50(3):341–346. doi:10.3109/00365521.2014.983160 25540973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vos B , Moreno C , Nagy N , et al. Lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Lean-NAFLD): a major cause of cryptogenic liver disease. Acta Gastroenterol Belg . 2011;74(3):389–394.22103042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JY , Shin DW , Oh JW , et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for female sexual dysfunction in premenopausal women. PLoS One . 2017;12(8):e0182708. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182708 28854246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballestri S , Nascimbeni F , Baldelli E , Marrazzo A , Romagnoli D , Lonardo A . NAFLD as a sexual dimorphic disease: role of gender and reproductive status in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and inherent cardiovascular risk. Adv Ther . 2017;34(6):1291–1326. doi:10.1007/s12325-017-0556-1 28526997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutierrez-Grobe Y , Ponciano-Rodríguez G , Ramos MH , Uribe M , Méndez-Sánchez N . Prevalence of non alcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal, postmenopausal and polycystic ovary syndrome women. The role of estrogens. Ann Hepatol . 2010;9(4):402–409. doi:10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31616-3 21057159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsushita N , Hassanein MT , Martinez-Clemente M , et al. Gender difference in NASH susceptibility: roles of hepatocyte Ikkβ and Sult1e1. PLoS One . 2017;12(8):e0181052. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181052 28797077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venetsanaki V , Polyzos SA . Menopause and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review focusing on therapeutic perspectives. Curr Vasc Pharmacol . 2019;17(6):546–555. doi:10.2174/1570161116666180711121949 29992886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishioji K , Sumida Y , Kamaguchi M , et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a non-obese Japanese population, 2011–2012. J Gastroenterol . 2015;50(1):95–108. doi:10.1007/s00535-014-0948-9 24619537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joint committee for guideline revision. 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults. J Geriatr Cardiol . 2018;15(1):1–29. doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.01.011 29434622
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cusi K . Role of obesity and lipotoxicity in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Gastroenterology . 2012;142(4):711–725.e6. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.02.003 22326434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yim JY , Kim D , Lim SH , et al. Sagittal abdominal diameter is a strong anthropometric measure of visceral adipose tissue in the Asian general population. Diabetes Care . 2010;33(12):2665–2670. doi:10.2337/dc10-0606 20843976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuk JL , Lee S , Heymsfield SB , Ross R . Waist circumference and abdominal adipose tissue distribution: influence of age and sex. Am J Clin Nutr . 2005;81(6):1330–1334. doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.6.1330 15941883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin T , Lamendola C , Liu A , Abbasi F . Preferential fat deposition in subcutaneous versus visceral depots is associated with insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2011;96(11):E1756–E1760. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0615 21865361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonardo A , Mantovani A , Lugari S , Targher G . NAFLD in some common endocrine diseases: prevalence, pathophysiology, and principles of diagnosis and management. Int J Mol Sci . 2019;20(11):2841. doi:10.3390/ijms20112841
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonardo A , Carani C , Carulli N , Loria P . ‘Endocrine NAFLD’ a hormonocentric perspective of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. J Hepatol . 2006;44(6):1196–1207. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2006.03.005 16618516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naderian M , Kolahdoozan S , Sharifi AS , et al. Assessment of Lean patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a middle income country; prevalence and its association with metabolic disorders: a cross-sectional study. Arch Iran Med . 2017;20(4):211–217.28412824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar