Hepatic function and the cardiometabolic syndrome

References

• Kotani K Peroni OD Minokoshi Y Boss O Khan BB GLUT4 glucose transporters deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and peripheral lipid utilization J Clin Invest 2004 114 1666 1675 15578099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitajima Y Hyogo H Sumida Y The severity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with substitution of adipose tissue in skeletal muscle J Gastroenterol Hepatol 4 12 2013 [Epub ahead of print.]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunnet LG Laurila E Hansson O The triglyceride content in skeletal muscle is associated with hepatic but not peripheral insulin resistance in elderly twins J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012 97 4571 4577 23055544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raz I Viewpoints on the way to a consensus session Diabetes Care 2009 32 Suppl 2 S149 S150 19875542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiernsperger N Nivoit P Bouskela E Obstructive sleep apnea and insulin resistance: a role for microcirculation? Clinics 2006 61 253 266 16832559
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Loria P Lonardo A Anania F Liver and diabetes. A vicious circle Hepatol Res 2013 43 51 64 23332087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellentani S Scaglioni F Marino M Bedoni G Epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis 2010 28 155 161 20460905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levene AP Goldin RD The epidemiology, pathogenesis and histopathology of fatty liver disease Histopathology 2012 61 141 152 22372457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medilla-Santillan R Lopez-Velasquez JA Chavez-Tapia N Hepatic manifestations of metabolic syndrome Diabetes Metab Res Rev 3 7 2013 [Epub ahead of print.]
   Google Scholar
• Ortiz-Lopez C Lomonaco R Orsak B Prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes and metabolic profile of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Diabetes Care 2012 35 873 878 22374640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lottenberg AM Afonso M Ferrari Lavrador MS The role of dietary fatty acids in the pathology of metabolic syndrome J Nutr Biochem 2012 23 1027 1040 22749135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utzschneider KM Kahn SE The role of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006 91 4753 4761 16968800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korenblat KM Fabbrini E Mohammed BS Klein S Liver, muscle, and adipose tissue insulin action is directly related to intrahepatic triglyceride content in obese subjects Gastroenterology 2008 134 1369 1375 18355813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andre P Balkau B Vol S Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and development of the metabolic syndrome (IDF definition) in middle-aged men and women Diabetes Care 2007 30 2355 2361 17586745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sesti G Fiorentino TV Hribal ML Sciacqua A Perticone F Association of hepatic insulin resistance indexes to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and related biomarkers Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2 15 2013 [Epub ahead of print.]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding S Chi MM Scull BP High-fat diet: bacteria interactions promote intestinal inflammation which precedes and correlates with obesity and insulin resistance in mouse PLoS One 2010 5 e12191 20808947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnabl B Linking intestinal homeostasis and liver disease Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2013 29 264 270 23493073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan Y Leaky gut and the liver: a role for bacterial translocation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis World J Gastroenterol 2012 18 2609 2618 22690069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Roy T Llopis M Lepage M Intestinal microbiota determines development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice Gut 11 29 2012 [Epub ahead of print.]
   Google Scholar
• Donnelly KL Smith CI Schwarzenberg SJ Jessurun J Boldt MD Parks EJ Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease J Clin Invest 2005 115 1343 1351 15864352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miele L Marrone G Lauritano C Gut-liver axis and microbiota in NAFLD: insight pathophysiology for novel therapeutic target Curr Pharm Des 2013 19 5314 5324 23432669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenman LK Holma R Eggert A Korpela R A novel mechanism for gut barrier dysfunction by dietary fat: epithelial disruption by hydrophobic bile acids Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013 304 G227 G234 23203158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiernsperger N Geloen A Rapin JR Fructose and cardiometabolic disorders: the controversy will, and must, continue Clinics 2010 65 729 738 20668632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basaranoglu M Basaranoglu G Sabuncu T Senturk H Fructose as a key player in the development of fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 2013 19 1166 1172 23482247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanaspa MA Sanchez-Losada LG Cicherchi C Uric acid stimulates fructokinase and accelerates fructose metabolism in the development of fatty liver PLoS One 2012 7 e47948 23112875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremer AA Mietus-Snyder M Lustig RH Toward a unifying hypothesis of metabolic syndrome Pediatrics 2012 129 557 570 22351884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirrakhimov AE Polotsky VY Obstructive sleep apnea and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: is the liver another target? Front Neurol 2012 3 149 23087670
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bjorntorp P Rosmond R The metabolic syndrome – a neuroendocrine disorder? Br J Nutr 2000 83 S49 S57 10889792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anagnostis P Athyros VG Tziomalos K Karagiannis A Mikhailidis DP Clinical review: the pathogenetic role of cortisol in the metabolic syndrome: a hypothesis J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94 2692 2701 19470627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalder T Kirschbaum C Alexander N Cortisol in hair and the metabolic syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013 98 2573 2580 23585660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Souza AM Beaudry JL Szigiato AA Consumption of a high-fat diet rapidly exacerbates the development of fatty liver disease that occurs with chronically elevated glucocorticoids Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012 302 G850 G863 22268100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cauter E Sleep disturbances and insulin resistance Diabet Med 2011 28 1455 1462 21950773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garaulet M Engstroem G Hedblad B Chronobiological aspects of nutrition, metabolic syndrome and obesity Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010 62 967 978 20580916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vozarova B Stefan N Lindsay RS High alanine aminotransferase is associated with decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity and predicts the development of type 2 diabetes Diabetes 2002 51 1889 1895 12031978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Samano MA Cuevas-Ramos D Mehta R Brau-Figueroa H Meza-Arana CE Gulias-Herrero A Association of alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT) with the hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI): a cross-sectional study BMC Endocr Disord 2012 12 16 22947097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanley AJG Williams K Festa A Wagenknecht LE D’Agnostino RBJr Haffner SM Liver markers and development of the metabolic syndrome Diabetes 2005 331 3140 3147 16249437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghamar-Chehreh ME Amini M Khedmat H Elevated alanine aminotransferase activity is not associated with dyslipidemias, but related to insulin resistance and higher disease grades in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012 2 702 706 23569998
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang Y Lu X Chao M Positive correlations of liver enzymes with metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus Endocrine 2010 38 181 187 20972737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghouri N Preiss D Sattar N Liver enzymes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and incident cardiovascular disease: a narrative review and clinical perspective of prospective data Hepatology 2010 52 1156 1161 20658466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang AC Lin YC Liu PT Synergistic effects of gamma glutamyltransferase and obesity on metabolic syndrome, independent of hepatic steatosis Ann Epidemiol 2012 32 876 880 23110960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irie M Sohda T Iwata K Levels of the oxidative stress marker gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase at different stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease J Int Med Res 2012 40 924 933 22906265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin LY Kuo HK Hwang JJ Serum bilirubin is inversely associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents Atherosclerosis 2009 203 563 568 18775539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwak MS Kim D Chung GE Serum bilirubin levels are inversely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Clin Mol Hepatol 2012 18 383 390 23323254
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jenko-Praznikar Z Petelin A Jurdana M Ziberna L Serum bilirubin levels are lower in overweight asymptomatic middle-aged adults: an early indicator of metabolic syndrome? Metabolism 2013 62 976 985 23414908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar R Prakash S Chhabra S Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and oxidative stress with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Indian J Med Res 2012 136 229 236 22960889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Videla LA Rodrigo R Araya J Poniachik J Insulin resistance and oxidative stress interdependency in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Trends Mol Med 2006 12 555 558 17049925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romeo GR Lee J Shoelson SE Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and roles of inflammation-mechanisms and therapeutic targets Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012 32 1771 1776 22815343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilg H Moschen AR Insulin resistance, inflammation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Trends Endocrinol Metab 2008 19 371 379 18929493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollica MP Lionetti L Putti R From chronic overfeeding to hepatic injury: role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011 21 222 230 21277757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baffy G Kupffer cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the emerging view J Hepatol 2009 51 212 223 19447517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanthier N Molendi-Coste O Cani PD van Rooijen N Horsmans Y Leclercq IA Kupffer cell depletion prevents but has no therapeutic effect on metabolic and inflammatory changes induced by a high-fat diet FASEB J 2011 25 4301 4311 21873555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papackova Z Palenickova E Dankova H Kupffer cells ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids: the evidence for the involvement of alternatively activated macrophages Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012 9 22 22439764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertle E van Greevenbrock MMJ Stehouwer CDA Complement C3: an emerging risk factor in cardiometabolic disease Diabetologia 2012 55 881 884 22282163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haap M Machann J von Friedeburg C Insulin sensitivity and liver fat: role of iron load J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 96 E958 E961 21430023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita N Takei Y Iron overload in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Adv Clin Chem 2011 55 105 132 22126026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson JE Klintworth H Kowdley KV Iron metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2012 14 8 16 22124850
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shim JJ Body iron, serum ferritin and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Korean J Hepatol 2012 18 105 107 22511912
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park SK Ryoo JH Kim MG Shin JY Association of serum ferritin and the development of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Korean men Diabetes Care 2012 35 2521 2526 22933431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valenti L Swinkels DW Burdick L Serum ferritin levels are associated with vascular damage in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011 21 568 575 20392616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung CL Cheung TT Lam KS Cheung BM High ferritin and low transferrin saturation are associated with pre-diabetes among a national representative sample of US adults Clin Nutr 12 28 2012 [Epub ahead of print.]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinelli N Traglia M Campostrini N Increased serum hepcidin levels in subjects with the metabolic syndrome: a population study PLoS One 2012 7 e48250 23144745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li JJ Meng X Zhang C Hepcidin destabilizes atherosclerootic plaque via overactivating macrophages after erythrophagocytosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012 32 1158 1166 22383698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya H Ebata Y Sakabe T High fat, high fructose diet induces hepatic iron overload via a hepcidin-independent mechanism prior to the onset of liver steatosis and insulin resistance in mice Metabolism 2013 62 62 69 22854109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rana JS Nieuwdorp M Jukema JW Kastelein JJ Cardiovascular metabolic syndrome - an interplay of obesity, inflammation, diabetes and coronary heart disease Diabetes Obes Metab 2007 9 218 232 17391148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calori G Lattuada G Ragogna F Fatty liver index and mortality: the Cremona study in the 15th year of follow-up Hepatology 2011 54 145 152 21488080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voulgari C Tentolouris N Dilaveris P Tousoulis D Katsilambros N Stefanadis C Increased heart failure risk in normal-weight people with metabolic syndrome compared with metabolically healthy obese individuals J Am Coll Cardiol 2011 58 1343 1350 21920263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentová M von Haehling S Doehner W Murín J Anker SD Sandek A Liver dysfunction and its nutritional implications in heart failure Nutrition 2013 29 370 378 23022119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatia LS Curzen NP Calder PC Byrne CD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a new and important cardiovascular risk factor? Eur Heart J 2012 33 1190 1200 22408036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamori S Onihsi K Nakajima H Impaired myocardial perfusion reserve in patients with fatty liver disease assessed by quantitative myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging Circ J 2012 76 2234 2240 22664721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sciacqua A Marini MA Hribal ML Association of insulin resistance indexes to carotid intima-media thickness PloS One 2013 8 e53968 23326550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinehr T Wunsch R de Sousa G Toschke AM Relationship between metabolic syndrome definitions for children and adolescents and intima-media thickness Atherosclerosis 2008 199 193 200 18031749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HC Kim DJ Huh KB Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid intima-media thickness according to the presence of metabolic syndrome Atherosclerosis 2009 204 521 525 18947828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colak Y Senates E Yesil A Assessment of endothelial function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Endocrine 2013 43 100 107 22661277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sookoian S Pirola CJ Systems biology elucidates common pathogenic mechanisms between nonalcoholic and alcoholic-fatty liver disease PLoS One 2013 8 e58895 23516571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallsworth K Hoolingsworth KG Thoma C Cardiac structure and function are altered in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease J Hepatol 2013 58 757 762 23178979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutfreund S Izkhakov E Pokroy R Retinal blood flow velocity in metabolic syndrome Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013 251 1507 1513 23558795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barac A Wang H Shara NM Markers of inflammation, metabolic risk factors and incident heart failure in American Indians: the Strong Heart Study J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2012 14 13 19 22235819
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung CH Yu JH Bae SJ Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with arterial stiffness in healthy individuals Clin Endocrinol 2011 75 328 334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozakova M Palombo C Eng MP Fatty liver index, gamma-glutamyltransferase and early carotid plaques Hepatology 2012 55 1406 1415 22334565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanni E Bugianesi E Kotronen A De Minicis S Yki-Järvinen H Svegliati-Baroni G From the metabolic syndrome to NAFLD or vice versa? Dig Liver Dis 2010 42 320 330 20207596
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shimabukuro M Kozuka C Taira S Ectopic fat deposition and global cardiometabolic risk: new paradigm in cardiovascular medicine J Med Invest 2013 60 1 14 23614905
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ibrahim MA Kelleni M Geddaway A Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current and potential therapies Life Sci 2012 92 114 118 23159641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musso G Cassader M Rosina F Gambino R Impact of current treatments on liver disease, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials Diabetologia 2012 55 885 904 22278337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karnchanasorn R Ou HY Chuang LM Chiu KC Insulin resistance is not necessarily an essential element of metabolic syndrome Endocrine 2012 43 92 99 22644836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paredes AH Torres DM Harrison SA Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: role of dietary modification and exercise Clin Liver Dis 2012 1 116 117
   Google Scholar
• Agius L High carbohydrate diets induce hepatic insulin resistance to protect the liver from substrate overload Biochem Pharmacol 2013 85 306 312 23022226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natali A Ferrannini E Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review Diabetologia 2006 49 434 441 16477438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radziuk J Bailey CJ Wiernsperger N Yudkin JS Metformin and its liver targets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 2003 3 151 169 12769787
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gunton JE Delhanty PJD Takahashi SI Baxter RC Metformin rapidly increases insulin receptor activation in human liver and signals preferentially through insulin receptor substrate 2 J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 88 1323 1332 12629126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song S Andrikopoulos S Filippis C Thorburn AW Khan D Proietto J Mechanism of fat-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis: effect of metformin Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001 281 E275 E282 11440903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mithieux G Guignot L Bordet JC Wiernsperger N Intrahepatic mechanisms underlying the effect of metformin in decreasing basal glucose production in rats fed a high fat diet Diabetes 2002 51 139 143 11756333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasarin M Abraldes JG Rodriguez-Vilarrupla A Insulin resistance and liver microcirculation in a rat model of early NAFLD J Hepatol 2011 55 1095 1102 21356259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srividhya S Anuradha CV Metformin improves liver antioxidant potential in rats fed a high fructose diet Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002 11 319 322 12495266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spruss A Kanuri G Stahl C Bischoff SG Bergheim I Metformin protects against the development of fructose-induced steatosis in mice: role of the intestinal barrier function Lab Invest 2012 92 1020 1032 22525431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baret G Peyronnet J Grassi-Kassisse D Dalmaz Y Wiernsperger N Géloën A Increased intraabdominal adipsoe tissue mass in fructose fed rats: correction by metformin Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2002 110 298 303 12373634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shyangdan D Clar C Ghouri N Insulin sensitizers in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review Health Technol Assess 2011 15 1 110 22059955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garinis GA Fruci B Mazza A Metformin versus dietary treatment in nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis: a randomized study Int J Obes 2010 34 1255 1264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sofer E Boaz M Matas Z Mashavi M Shargorodsky M Treatment with insulin sensitizer metformin improves arterial properties, metabolic parameters and liver function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial Metabolism 2011 60 1278 1284 21411114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiernsperger NF Bouskela E Microcirculation in insulin resistance and diabetes: more than just a complication Diabetes Metab 2003 29 Suppl 6 77 87
   Google Scholar
• Boettcher E Csako G Pucino F Wesley R Loomba R Meta-analysis: pioglitazone improves liver histology and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012 35 66 75 22050199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phielix E Szendrooedi J Roden M The role of metformin and thiazolidinediones in the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism and its clinical impact Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011 32 607 616 21824668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiikkainen M Häkkinen AM Korsheninnikova E Nyman T Mäkimattila S Yki-Järvinen H Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on liver fat content, hepatic insulin resistance, insulin clearance and gene expression in adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes Diabetes 2004 53 2169 2176 15277403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Retnakaran R Ye C Hanley AJ Harris SB Zinman B Discordant effects on central obesity, hepatic insulin resistance, and alanine aminotransferase of low-dose metformin and thiazolidinedione combination therapy in patients with impaired glucose tolerance Diabetes Obes Metab 2012 14 91 93 21812893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carulli L Maurantonio M Hebbard L Baldelli E Loria P George J Classical and innovative insulin sensitizing drugs for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD Curr Pharm Des 2013 19 5280 5296 23394096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonardo A Loria P If steatosis is the atherosclerosis of the liver, are statins the “aspirin” for steatosis? Dig Liver Dis 2012 44 451 452 22487461
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Preiss D Sattar N Statins and the risk of new-onset diabetes: a review of recent evidence Curr Opin Lipidol 2011 22 460 466 21897230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lirussi F Azzalini L Orando S Orlando R Angelico F Antioxidant supplements for non alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 24 CD004996 17253535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musso G Anty R Petta S Antioxidant therapy and drugs interfering with lipid metabolism: could they be effective in NAFLD patients? Curr Pharm Des 2013 19 5297 5313 23394094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner N Kowalski GM Leslie SJ Distinct patterns of tissue-specific lipid accumulation during the induction of insulin resistance in mice by high-fat feeding Diabetologia 2013 56 1638 1648 23620060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YS Li P Huh JY Inflammation is necessary for long term but not short-term high fat diet-induced insulin resistance Diabetes 2011 60 2474 2483 21911747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirabara SM Gorjao R Vinolo MA Rodrigues AC Nachbar RT Curi R Molecular targets related to inflammation and insulin resistance and potential interventions J Biomed Biotechnol 2012 2012 379024 23049242
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iacono A Raso G Canani RB Probiotics as an emerging therapeutic strategy to treat NAFLD: focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms J Nutr Biochem 2011 22 699 711 21292470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vajro P Mandato C Veropalumbo C De Micco I Probiotics: a possible role in treatment of adult and pediatric non alcoholic fatty liver disease Ann Hepatol 2013 12 161 163 23293210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park DY Ahn YT Huh CS Dual probiotic strains suppress high fructose induced metabolic syndrome World J Gastroenterol 2013 19 274 283 23345951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delzenne NM Neyrinck AM Cani PD Gut microbiota and metabolic disorders: how prebiotics can work? Br J Nutr 2013 109 S81 S85 23360884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barchetta I Angelico F Del Ben M Strong association between non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and low 25(OH) vitamin D levels in an adult population with normal serum liver enzymes BMC Med 2011 9 85 21749681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliades M Spyrou E Agrawal N Meta-analysis: vitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013 38 246 254 23786213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhee EJ Kim MK Park SE High serum vitamin D levels reduce the risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in healthy men independent of metabolic syndrome Endocr J 2013 60 743 752 23411507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakajima K Multidisciplinary pharmacotherapeutic options for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Int J Hepatol 2012 2012 950693 23304532
   PubMedGoogle Scholar