Sex Differences in Stroke Risk Factors, Clinical Profiles, and In-Hospital Outcomes Among Stroke Patients Admitted to the Medical Ward of Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

References

• Bennett DA, Krishnamurthi RV, Barker-Collo S, et al. The global burden of ischemic stroke: findings of the GBD 2010 study. Glob Heart. 2014;9(1):107–112. doi:10.1016/j.gheart.2014.01.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feigin VL, Norrving B, Mensah GA. Global burden of stroke. Circ Res. 2017;120(3):439–448. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, Krishnamurthi R, et al. Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990–2010: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. lancet. 2014;383(9913):245–255. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61953-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girijala RL, Sohrabji F, Bush RL. Sex differences in stroke: review of current knowledge and evidence. Vasc Med. 2017;22(2):135–145. doi:10.1177/1358863X16668263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samai AA, Martin-Schild S. Sex differences in predictors of ischemic stroke: current perspectives. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015;11:427. doi:10.2147/VHRM.S65886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiraga A. Gender differences and stroke outcomes. Neuroepidemiology. 2017;48(1–2):61–62. doi:10.1159/000475451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves MJ, Bushnell CD, Howard G, et al. Sex differences in stroke: epidemiology, clinical presentation, medical care, and outcomes. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(10):915–926. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70193-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause DN, Duckles SP, Pelligrino DA. Influence of sex steroid hormones on cerebrovascular function. J Appl Physiol. 2006;101(4):1252–1261. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01095.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haast RA, Gustafson DR, Kiliaan AJ. Sex differences in stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012;32(12):2100–2107. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2012.141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abhayaratna WP, Seward JB, Appleton CP, et al. Left atrial size: physiologic determinants and clinical applications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(12):2357–2363. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.02.048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker-Collo S, Bennett DA, Krishnamurthi RV, et al. Sex differences in stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years: results from the global burden of disease study 2013. Neuroepidemiology. 2015;45(3):203–214. doi:10.1159/000441103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonita R. Epidemiology of stroke. Lancet. 1992;339(8789):342–344. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)91658-U
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caso V, Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, et al. Gender differences in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Womens Health. 2010;6(1):51–57. doi:10.2217/whe.09.82
   Google Scholar
• Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(4):e18–e209. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182009701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Carlo A, Lamassa M, Baldereschi M, et al. Sex differences in the clinical presentation, resource use, and 3-month outcome of acute stroke in Europe: data from a multicenter multinational hospital-based registry. Stroke. 2003;34(5):1114–1119. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000068410.07397.D7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duchnowski P, Hryniewiecki T, Stokłosa P, et al. Number of erythrocytes as a prognostic marker in patients undergoing heart valve surgery. Kardiol Pol. 2018;76(4):791–793. doi:10.5603/KP.2018.0076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duchnowski P, Hryniewiecki T, Kuśmierczyk M, et al. Red cell distribution width is a prognostic marker of perioperative stroke in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2017;25(6):925–929. doi:10.1093/icvts/ivx216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gall S, Donnan G, Dewey HM, et al. Sex differences in presentation, severity, and management of stroke in a population-based study. Neurology. 2010;74(12):975–981. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d5a48f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roquer J, Campello AR, Gomis M. Sex differences in first-ever acute stroke. Stroke. 2003;34(7):1581–1585. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000078562.82918.F6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arboix A, Oliveres M, García-Eroles L, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease in women. Eur Neurol. 2001;45(4):199–205. doi:10.1159/000052130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrea RE, Beiser AS, Seshadri S, et al. Gender differences in stroke incidence and poststroke disability in the Framingham heart study. Stroke. 2009;40(4):1032–1037. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.542894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2021 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143(8):e254–e743. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bushnell CD, Chaturvedi S, Gage KR, et al. Sex differences in stroke: challenges and opportunities. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018;38(12):2179–2191. doi:10.1177/0271678X18793324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carcel C, Woodward M, Wang X, et al. Sex matters in stroke: a review of recent evidence on the differences between women and men. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2020;59:100870. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdu H, Tadese F, Seyoum G. Comparison of Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in the medical ward of Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: a retrospective study. Neurol Res Int. 2021;2021:34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greffie ES, Mitiku T, Getahun S. Risk factors, clinical pattern and outcome of stroke in a referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Clin Med Res. 2015;4(6):182–188. doi:10.11648/j.cmr.20150406.13
   Google Scholar
• Jain S, Iverson LM. Glasgow coma scale. University of Glasgow; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Marchbank J, Letherby G. Introduction to Gender: Social Science Perspectives. Routledge; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw S, Lee J. Women’s Voices, Feminist Visions: Classic and Contemporary Readings (B&B). McGraw-Hill Education; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Berglund A, Schenck-Gustafsson K, von Euler M. Sex differences in the presentation of stroke. Maturitas. 2017;99:47–50. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerath NU, Reddy C, Freeman WD, et al. Gender differences in presenting signs and symptoms of acute ischemic stroke: a population-based study. Gend Med. 2011;8(5):312–319. doi:10.1016/j.genm.2011.08.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stuart-Shor EM, Wellenius GA, DelloIacono DM, et al. Gender differences in presenting and prodromal stroke symptoms. Stroke. 2009;40(4):1121–1126. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.543371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Ning X, Yang L, et al. Sex differences in trends of incidence and mortality of first-ever stroke in rural Tianjin, China, from 1992 to 2012. Stroke. 2014;45(6):1626–1631. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watila M, Bwala S, Ibrahim A. Gender variation in risk factors and clinical presentation of acute stroke, Northeastern Nigeria. J Neurosci Behavior Health. 2011;3(3):38–43.
   Google Scholar
• Lisabeth LD, Brown DL, Hughes R, et al. Acute stroke symptoms: comparing women and men. Stroke. 2009;40(6):2031–2036. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.546812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali M, van Os HJA, van der Weerd N, et al. Sex differences in presentation of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2022;53(2):345–354. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.034040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association, AH. High blood pressure. (Statistical Fact Sheet 2013 Update); 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Whisnant JP. Modeling of risk factors for ischemic stroke: the Willis Lecture. Stroke. 1997;28(9):1840–1844. doi:10.1161/01.STR.28.9.1840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selection, W.E.C.o.t., U.o.E. Medicines, and W.H. Organization. The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO expert committee, 2013 (including the 18th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 4th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). World Health Organization; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Xiao B-Q, Li B-H, et al. Sex difference in the incidence of stroke and its corresponding influence factors: results from a follow-up 8.4 years of rural China hypertensive prospective cohort study. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12944-018-0950-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doumas M, Papademetriou V, Faselis C, et al. Gender differences in hypertension: myths and reality. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013;15(4):321–330. doi:10.1007/s11906-013-0359-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters SA, Suxley RR, Sattar N, et al. Sex differences in the excess risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with type 2 diabetes: potential explanations and clinical implications. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2015;9(7):1–7. doi:10.1007/s12170-015-0462-5
   Google Scholar
• Yu C, An Z, Zhao W, et al. Sex differences in stroke subtypes, severity, risk factors, and outcomes among elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015;7:174. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2015.00174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan L, Huangfu C, Yang N, et al. Sex-related differences in the factors associated with outcomes among patients with strokes of undetermined source: a hospital-based follow-up study. Postgrad Med. 2021;133(4):428–435. doi:10.1080/00325481.2021.1886770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Qin -Y-Y, Chen Q, et al. Alcohol intake and risk of stroke: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int J Cardiol. 2014;174(3):669–677. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emdin CA, Wong CX, Hsiao AJ, et al. Atrial fibrillation as risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death in women compared with men: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ. 2016;2016:352.
   Google Scholar
• Li Z, Bai Y, Guo X, et al. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular diseases in rural China. Int J Cardiol. 2016;215:257–262. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolibova N, Vakhabova N. Gender differences in stroke subtypes, severity, risk factors, and outcomes among elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke in Uzbekistan. J Neurol Sci. 2017;381:377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathfoot C, Edrissi C, Sanders CB, et al. Gender differences in comorbidities and risk factors in ischemic stroke patients with a history of atrial fibrillation. BMC Neurol. 2021;21(1):1–15. doi:10.1186/s12883-021-02214-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong C-T, Wong Y-S, Sung S-F, et al. Sex-related differences in the risk factors for in-hospital mortality and outcomes of ischemic stroke patients in rural areas of Taiwan. PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0185361. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santalucia P, Pezzella FR, Sessa M, et al. Sex differences in clinical presentation, severity and outcome of stroke: results from a hospital-based registry. Eur J Intern Med. 2013;24(2):167–171. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2012.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irie F, Kamouchi M, Hata J, et al. Sex differences in short-term outcomes after acute ischemic stroke: the Fukuoka Stroke Registry. Stroke. 2015;46(2):471–476. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster A, Gass A, Kern R, et al. Gender differences in acute ischemic stroke: etiology, stroke patterns and response to thrombolysis. Stroke. 2009;40(7):2428–2432. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.548750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves MJ, Fonarow GC, Zhao X, et al. Quality of care in women with ischemic stroke in the GWTG program. Stroke. 2009;40(4):1127–1133. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.543157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar