95
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Giant cell arteritis: a review

, , &
Pages 23-33 | Published online: 10 Mar 2013

References

  • SalvaraniCCantiniFBoiardiLHunderGGPolymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritisN Engl J Med2002347426127112140303
  • GhoshPBorgFADasguptaBCurrent understanding and management of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumaticaExpert Rev Clin Immunol20106691392820979556
  • MachadoEBMichetCJBallardDJTrends in incidence and clinical presentation of temporal arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950–1985Arthritis Rheum19883167457493382448
  • SalvaraniCGabrielSEO’FallonWMHunderGGEpidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1970–1991Arthritis Rheum19953833693737880191
  • Gonzalez-GayMAMiranda-FilloyJALopez-DiazMJGiant cell arteritis in northwestern Spain: a 25-year epidemiologic studyMedicine2007862616817435586
  • SalvaraniCCrowsonCSO’FallonWMHunderGGGabrielSEReappraisal of the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over a fifty-year periodArthritis Rheum200451226426815077270
  • González-GayMAGarcía-PorrúaCVázquez-CarunchoMThe spectrum of polymyalgia rheumatica in northwestern Spain: incidence and analysis of variables associated with relapse in a 10 year studyJ Rheumatol19992661326133210381051
  • SmeethLCookCHallAJIncidence of diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in the United Kingdom, 1990–2001Ann Rheum Dis20066581093109816414971
  • BergerCTWolbersMMeyerPDaikelerTHessCHigh incidence of severe ischaemic complications in patients with giant cell arteritis irrespective of platelet count and size, and platelet inhibitionRheumatology (Oxford)200948325826119129348
  • González-GayMAGarcía-PorrúaCLlorcaJVisual manifestations of giant cell arteritis. Trends and clinical spectrum in 161 patientsMedicine200079528329211039076
  • SalvaraniCCiminoLMacchioniPRisk factors for visual loss in an Italian population-based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritisArthritis Rheum200553229329715818722
  • EzeonyejiANBorgFADasguptaBDelays in recognition and management of giant cell arteritis: results from a retrospective auditClin Rheumatol201130225926221086005
  • HayrehSSPodhajskyPAZimmermanBOccult giant cell arteritis: ocular manifestationsAm J Ophthalmol199812545215269559738
  • BorgFASalterVLJDasguptaBNeuro-ophthalmic complications in giant cell arteritisCurr Allergy Asthma Rep20088432333018606086
  • MackieSLDasguptaBHordonLIschaemic manifestations in giant cell arteritis are associated with area level socio-economic deprivation, but not cardiovascular risk factorsRheumatology (Oxford)201150112014202221859697
  • HayrehSSPodhajskyPAZimmermanBOcular manifestations of giant cell arteritisAm J Ophthalmol199812545095209559737
  • ReichKGiansiracusaDStrongwaterSNeurologic manifestations of giant cell arteritisAm J Med19968916772
  • KawasakiAPurvinVGiant cell arteritis: an updated reviewActa Ophthalmol2009871133218937808
  • ForoozanRBuonoLMSavinoPSergottRCTonic pupils from giant cell arteritisBr J Opthalmol2003874500519
  • ShahAVPaul-OddoyeABMadillSAJeffreyMNTappinADMHorner’s syndrome associated with giant cell arteritisEye (Lond)200721113013116823463
  • AhmadIZamanMBilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia: an initial presenting sign of giant cell arteritisJ Am Geriatr Soc199947673473610366177
  • MendrinosEMachinisTGPournarasCJOcular ischemic syndromeSurv Ophthalmol201055123419833366
  • AristodemouPStanfordMTherapy insight: the recognition and treatment of retinal manifestations of systemic vasculitisNat Clin Pract Rheumatol20062844345116932736
  • HayrehSSZimmermanBManagement of giant cell arteritisOphthalmologica2003217423925912792130
  • HayrehSSGiant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)2011 Available from: http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/component/content/article/112-gcaAccessed August 30, 2012
  • ValmaggiaCSpeiserPBischoffPNiederbergerHIndocyanine green versus fluorescein angiography in the differential diagnosis of arteritic and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathyRetina199919213113410213239
  • BennettTJBarryCJOphthalmic imaging today: an ophthalmic photographer’s viewpoint – a reviewClin Experiment Ophthalmol200937121318947332
  • SadunFPeceABrancatoRFluorescein and indocyanine green angiography in arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathyBr J Ophthalmol1998821113441345
  • HoACSergottRCRegilloCDColor Doppler hemodynamics of giant cell arteritisArch Ophthalmol199411279389458031274
  • GhanchiFWilliamsonTHLimCSColour Doppler imaging in giant cell (temporal) arteritis: serial examination and comparison with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathyEye199610Pt 44594648944098
  • TranquartFBergèsOKoskasPColor Doppler imaging of orbital vessels: personal experience and literature reviewJ Clin Ultrasound200331525827312767021
  • WilliamsonTHBaxterGPaulRDuttonGNColour Doppler ultrasound in the management of a case of cranial arteritisBr J Ophthalmol199276116906611477049
  • BrabrandKKertyEJakobsenJAContrast-enhanced ultrasound Doppler examination of the retrobulbar arteriesActa Radiol200142213513911259938
  • ErtlMAltmannMTorkaEThe retrobulbar spot sign in sudden blindness – sufficient to rule out vasculitis?Perspectives in Medicine201227 Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211968X12000551
  • BosleyTMSavinoPJSergottRCOcular pneumoplethysmography can help in the diagnosis of giant-cell arteritisArch Ophthalmol198910733793812923561
  • MeadsCWhat is the cost of blindness?Br J Ophthalmol200387101201120414507746
  • TaylorHRPezzulloMLKeeffeJEThe economic impact and cost of visual impairment in AustraliaBr J Ophthalmol200690327227516488942
  • AnonymousHouse of Lords Hansard for July 12, 2012 (Pt 1) Available from: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201213/ldhansrd/text/120712w0001.htmAccessed September 13, 2012
  • FrostAEachusJSparrowJVision-related quality of life impairment in an elderly UK population: associations with age, sex, social class and material deprivationEye (Lond)200115Pt 673974411826994
  • AnonymousKey information and statistics – RNIBRoyal National Institute of Blind People Available from: http://www.rnib.org.uk/aboutus/Research/statistics/Pages/statistics.aspx#H2Heading2Accessed September 2, 2012
  • SalvaraniCMacchioniPLTartoniPLPolymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a 5-year epidemiologic and clinical study in Reggio Emilia, ItalyClin Experiment Rheumatol198753205215
  • Gonzalez-GayMAGarcia-PorruaCAmor-DoradoJCLlorcaJFever in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis: clinical implications in a defined populationArthritis Rheum200451465265515334440
  • Gonzalez-GayMAGarcia-PorruaCAmor-DoradoJCLlorcaJGiant cell arteritis without clinically evident vascular involvement in a defined populationArthritis Rheum200451227427715077272
  • Gonzalez-GayMABarrosSLopez-DiazMJGiant cell arteritis: disease patterns of clinical presentation in a series of 240 patientsMedicine200584526927616148727
  • NuenninghoffDMHunderGGChristiansonTJHMcClellandRLMattesonELIncidence and predictors of large-artery complication (aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and/or large-artery stenosis) in patients with giant cell arteritis: a population-based study over 50 yearsArthritis Rheum200348123522353114674004
  • PennHDasguptaBGiant cell arteritisAutoimmun Rev20032419920312848946
  • FranzénPSutinenSvon KnorringJGiant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in a region of Finland: an epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic study, 1984–1988J Rheumatol19921922732761629827
  • ChuangTYHunderGGIlstrupDMKurlandLTPolymyalgia rheumatica: a 10-year epidemiologic and clinical studyAnn Intern Med19829756726806982645
  • DasguptaBBorgFAHassanNBSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of giant cell arteritisRheumatology20104911594159720371504
  • SchmidtWAKraftHEVorpahlKVölkerLGromnica-IhleEJColor duplex ultrasonography in the diagnosis of temporal arteritisN Engl J Med199733719133613429358127
  • KarassaFBMatsagasMISchmidtWAIoannidisJPAMeta-analysis: test performance of ultrasonography for giant-cell arteritisAnn Intern Med2005142535936915738455
  • BlockmansDde CeuninckLVanderschuerenSRepetitive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of 35 patientsArthritis Rheum200655113113716463425
  • BlockmansDCoudyzerWVanderschuerenSRelationship between fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the large vessels and late aortic diameter in giant cell arteritisRheumatology (Oxford)20084781179118418515868
  • BleyTAUhlMCarewJDiagnostic value of high-resolution MR imaging in giant cell arteritisAJNR Am J Neuroradiol20072891722172717885247
  • LoddenkemperTSharmaPKatzanIPlantGTRisk factors for early visual deterioration in temporal arteritisJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry200778111255125917504884
  • TarkkanenAGiant cell arteritis and the ophthalmologistActa Ophthalmol Scand200280435335412190775
  • DasguptaBBorgFAHassanNBSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of polymyalgia rheumaticaRheumatology (Oxford)201049118619019910443
  • HayrehSSZimmermanBVisual deterioration in giant cell arteritis patients while on high doses of corticosteroid therapyOphthalmology200311061204121512799248
  • ProvenAGabrielSEOrcesCO’FallonWMHunderGGGlucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: duration and adverse outcomesArthritis Rheum200349570370814558057
  • MazlumzadehMHunderGGEasleyKATreatment of giant cell arteritis using induction therapy with high-dose glucocorticoids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized prospective clinical trialArthritis Rheum200654103310331817009270
  • WeyandCMKaiserMYangHYoungeBGoronzyJJTherapeutic effects of acetylsalicylic acid in giant cell arteritisArthritis Rheum200246245746611840449
  • NesherGBerkunYMatesMLow-dose aspirin and prevention of cranial ischemic complications in giant cell arteritisArthritis Rheum20045041332133715077317
  • LeeMSSmithSDGalorAHoffmanGSAntiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with giant cell arteritisArthritis Rheum200654103306330917009265
  • NarváezJBernadBGómez-VaqueroCImpact of antiplatelet therapy in the development of severe ischemic complications and in the outcome of patients with giant cell arteritisClin Experiment Rheumatol2008263 Suppl 49S57S62
  • Gonzalez-GayMAPiñeiroAGomez-GigireyAInfluence of traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis in the development of severe ischemic complications in giant cell arteritisMedicine200483634234715525846
  • SteichenOComment on: Risk factors for severe cranial ischaemic events in an Italian population-based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritisRheumatology (Oxford)2009489118019589889
  • HoffmanGSCidMCRendt-ZagarKEInfliximab for maintenance of glucocorticosteroid-induced remission of giant cell arteritis: a randomized trialAnn Intern Med2007146962163017470830
  • HunderGGBlochDAMichelBAThe American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritisArthritis Rheum1990338112211282202311
  • MahrADJoverJASpieraRFAdjunctive methotrexate for treatment of giant cell arteritis: an individual patient data meta-analysisArthritis Rheum20075682789279717665429
  • De SilvaMHazlemanBLAzathioprine in giant cell arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica: a double-blind studyAnn Rheum Dis19864521361383511861
  • AdizieTChristidisDDharmapaliahCBorgFDasguptaBEfficacy and tolerability of leflunomide in difficult-to-treat polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a case seriesInt J Clin Pract201266990690922897467
  • Martínez-TaboadaVMRodríguez-ValverdeVCarreñoLA double-blind placebo controlled trial of etanercept in patients with giant cell arteritis and corticosteroid side effectsAnn Rheum Dis200867562563018086726
  • BhatiaAEllPJEdwardsJCWAnti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) as an adjunct in the treatment of giant cell arteritisAnn Rheum Dis20056471099110015958774
  • MayrbaeurlBHinterreiterMBurgstallerSWindpesslMThalerJThe first case of a patient with neutropenia and giant-cell arteritis treated with rituximabClin Rheumatol20072691597159817619810
  • ChristidisDJainSDas GuptaBSuccessful use of tocilizumab in polymyalgic onset biopsy positive GCA with large vessel involvementBMJ Case Rep20112011 pii: bcr0420114135
  • BeyerCAxmannRSahinbegovicEAnti-interleukin 6 receptor therapy as rescue treatment for giant cell arteritisAnn Rheum Dis201170101874187521515917
  • SciasciaSRossiDRoccatelloDInterleukin 6 blockade as steroid-sparing treatment for 2 patients with giant cell arteritisJ Rheumatol20113892080208121885526
  • Dahlmann-NoorAVijaySJayaramHLimbAKhawPTCurrent approaches and future prospects for stem cell rescue and regeneration of the retina and optic nerveCan J Ophthalmol201045433334120648090
  • ZwartIHillAJAl-AllafFUmbilical cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells are neuroprotective and promote regeneration in a rat optic tract modelExp Neurol2009216243944819320003
  • JonasJBWitzens-HarigMArsenievLHoADIntravitreal autologous bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cell transplantationActa Ophthalmol2010884e131e13219604156