Viability, biofilm formation, and MazEF expression in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in Xinjiang, China

References

• Technical guidance group of the fifth national TB epidemiological survey. [The fifth national tuberculosis epidemiological survey in 2010]. Zhongguo Fang Lao Xie Hui. 2012;34:485–508. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Zhang Z, Sun Z. Drug resistance to MTB: from the traditional Chinese view to modern systems biology. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2015;41:399–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey DP, Gerdes K. Toxin-antitoxin loci are highly abundant in free-living but lost from host-associated prokaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33:966–976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiwari P, Arora G, Singh M, Kidwai S, Narayan OP, Singh R. MazF ribonucleases promote MTB drug tolerance and virulence in guinea pigs. Nat Commun. 2015;6:6059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robson J, McKenzie JL, Cursons R, et al. The vapBC operon from Mycobacterium smegmatis is an autoregulated toxin-antitoxin module that controls growth via inhibition of translation. J Mol Biol. 2009;390:353–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelberg-Kulka H, Glaser G. Addiction modules and programmed cell death and antideath in bacterial cultures. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1999;53:43–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kedzierska B, Hayes F. Emerging roles of toxin-antitoxin modules in bacterial pathogenesis. Molecules. 2016;21:E790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Zhang J, Hoeflich KP, Ikura M, Qing G, Inouye M. MazF cleaves cellular mRNAs specifically at ACA to block protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. Mol Cell. 2003;12:913–923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao MC, Rubin EJ. Letting sleeping does lie: does dormancy play a role in tuberculosis? Annu Rev Microbiol. 2010;64:293–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gengenbacher M, Kaufmann SH. MTB: success through dormancy. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2012;36:514–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerdes K, Maisonneuve E. Bacterial persistence and toxin-antitoxin loci. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2012;66:103–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall-Stoodley L, Costerton JW, Stoodley P. Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004;2:95–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall-Stoodley L, Stoodley P. Evolving concepts in biofilm infections. Cell Microbiol. 2009;11:1034–1043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinese Antituberculosis Association. [The laboratory science procedure of diagnostic bacteriology in tuberculosis]. Zhongguo Fang Lao Xie Hui. 1996;18:28–31. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan L, Huang Y, Mi LG, et al. There is no correlation between sublineages and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing/W lineage clinical isolates in Xinjiang, China. Epidemiol Infect. 2015;143:141–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter G, Wu M, Drummond DC, Bermudez LE. Characterization of biofilm formation by clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium. J Med Microbiol. 2003;52:747–752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2012. Geneva: WHO; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Totally drug-resistant TB: a WHO consultation on the diagnostic definition and treatment options. 2012. Available from: http://www.who.int/tb/challenges/xdr/Report_Meeting_totallydrugresistantTB_032012.pdf. Accessed December 5, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Multidrug and Extensively Drug-Resistant TB (M/XDR-TB): 2010 Global Report on Surveillance and Response. Geneva: WHO; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Winther KS, Gerdes K. Enteric virulence associated protein VapC inhibits translation by cleavage of initiator tRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108:7403–7407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan Q, Awano N, Inouye M. YeeV is an Escherichia coli toxin that inhibits cell division by targeting the cytoskeleton proteins, FtsZ and MreB. Mol Microbiol. 2011;79:109–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutschler H, Gebhardt M, Shoeman RL, Meinhart A. A novel mechanism of programmed cell death in bacteria by toxin-antitoxin systems corrupts peptidoglycan synthesis. PLoS Biol. 2011;9:e1001033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Zhang J, Hara H, Kato I, Inouye M. Insights into the mRNA cleavage mechanism by MazF, an mRNA interferase. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:3143–3150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erental A, Sharon I, Engelberg-Kulka H. Two programmed cell death systems in Escherichia coli: an apoptotic-like death is inhibited by the mazEF-mediated death pathway. PLoS Biol. 2012;10:e1001281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melnyk AH, Wong A, Kassen R. The fitness costs of antibiotic resistance mutations. Evol Appl. 2015;8:273–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogwill T, MacLean RC. The genetic basis of the fitness costs of antimicrobial resistance: a meta-analysis approach. Evol Appl. 2015;8:284–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comas I, Borrell S, Roetzer A, et al. Whole-genome sequencing of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains identifies compensatory mutations in RNA polymerase genes. Nat Genet. 2011;44:106–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vos M, Müller B, Borrell S, et al. Putative compensatory mutations in the rpoC gene of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis are associated with ongoing transmission. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57:827–832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li QJ, Jiao WW, Yin QQ, et al. Compensatory mutations of rifampin resistance are associated with transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype strains in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60:2807–2812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrell S, Teo Y, Giardina F, et al. Epistasis between antibiotic resistance mutations drives the evolution of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Evol Med Public Health. 2013;2013:65–74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trivedi A, Mavi PS, Bhatt D, Kumar A. Thiol reductive stress induces cellulose-anchored biofilm formation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Commun. 2016;7:11392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojha A, Anand M, Bhatt A, Kremer L, Jacobs WR Jr, Hatfull GF. GroEL1: a dedicated chaperone involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis during biofilm formation in mycobacteria. Cell. 2005;123:861–873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Guo QL, Wang RJ, Wang HH, Pei XY, Zhang XL. [Screening and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis biofilm formation related genes]. China Biotechnol. 2013;33:15–21. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Ojha AK, Baughn AD, Sambandan D, et al. Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis biofilms containing free mycolic acids and harbouring drug-tolerant bacteria. Mol Microbiol. 2008;69:164–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang JM, Layre E, Sweet L, et al. The polyketide Pks1 contributes to biofilm formation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Bacteriol. 2012;194:715–721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solokhina A, Brückner D, Bonkat G, Braissant O. Metabolic activity of mature biofilms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Sci Rep. 2017;7:9225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar