References
- Bartlett JG. Narrative review: the new epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated enteric disease. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:758–764.
- Kelly CP, LaMont JT. Clostridium difficile--more difficult than ever. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1932–1940.
- Hung YP, Lin HJ, Tsai BY, et al. Clostridium difficile ribotype 126 in southern Taiwan: a cluster of three symptomatic cases. Anaerobe. 2014;30:188–192.
- Hung YP, Cia CT, Tsai BY, et al. The first case of severe Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 infection in Taiwan. J Infect. 2015;70:98–101.
- Lai MJ, Chiueh TS, Huang ZY, Lin JC. The first Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 strain isolated in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2016;115:210–212.
- Liao TL, Lin CF, Chiou CS, Shen GH, Wang J. Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 emerges in Taiwan. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2015;68:338–340.
- Hung YP, Huang IH, Lin HJ, et al. Predominance of Clostridium difficile Ribotypes 017 and 078 among toxigenic clinical isolates in southern Taiwan. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0166159.
- Tang C, Cui L, Xu Y, et al. The incidence and drug resistance of Clostridium difficile infection in Mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:37865.
- Liao CH, Ko WC, Lu JJ, Hsueh PR. Characterizations of clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile by toxin genotypes and by susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents, including fidaxomicin (OPT-80) and rifaximin: a multicenter study in Taiwan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56:3943–3949.
- Chia JH, Lai HC, Su LH, Kuo AJ, Wu TL. Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile at a medical center in Taiwan: persistence of genetically clustering of A(-)B(+) isolates and increase of A(+)B(+) isolates. PLoS One. 2013;8:e75471.
- Schmidt C, Loffler B, Ackermann G. Antimicrobial phenotypes and molecular basis in clinical strains of Clostridium difficile. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007; 59:1–5.
- Lin YC, Huang YT, Tsai PJ, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile in taiwan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55:1701–1705.
- Sheitoyan-Pesant C, Abou Chakra CN, Pepin J, Marcil-Heguy A, Nault V, Valiquette L. Clinical and healthcare burden of multiple recurrences of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62:574–580.
- Persson S, Jensen JN, Olsen KE. Multiplex PCR method for detection of Clostridium difficile tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, and cdtB and internal in-frame deletion of tcdC. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:4299–4300.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2015. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 25th Informational Supplement. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
- European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 2016. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters, version 6.0. Available from: http://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Breakpoint_tables/v_6.0_Breakpoint_table.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2018.
- Lee YC, Wang JT, Chen AC, Sheng WH, Chang SC, Chen YC. Changing incidence and clinical manifestations of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea detected by combination of glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin assay in Northern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2012;45:287–295.
- Chung CH, Wu CJ, Lee HC, et al. Clostridium difficile infection at a medical center in southern Taiwan: incidence, clinical features and prognosis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2010;43:119–125.
- Hung YP, Lin HJ, Wu TC, et al. Risk factors of fecal toxigenic or non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile colonization: impact of Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and prior antibiotic exposure. PLoS One. 2013;8:e69577.
- Keessen EC, Hensgens MP, Spigaglia P, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of human and piglet Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotype 078. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2013;2:14.
- Doernberg SB, Winston LG, Deck DH, Chambers HF. Does doxycycline protect against development of Clostridium difficile infection? Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55:615–620.
- El-Herte RI, Baban TA, Kanj SS. Recurrent refractory Clostridium difficile colitis treated successfully with rifaximin and tigecycline: a case report and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis. 2012;44:228–230.
- Knight DR, Riley TV. Clostridium difficile clade 5 in Australia: antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of PCR ribotypes of human and animal origin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71:2213–2217.