194
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Penicillin and Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Among Pediatric Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon &
Pages 1765-1772 | Published online: 12 May 2021

References

  • Wahl B, O’Brien KL, Greenbaum A, et al. Burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children in the era of conjugate vaccines: global, regional, and national estimates for 2000–15. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(7):e744–e757. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30247-X29903376
  • World Health Organization. Global Priority List of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria to Guide Research, Discovery, and Development of New Antibiotics. Vol. 43. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2013.
  • Chiou CC. Does penicillin remain the drug of choice for pneumococcal pneumonia in view of emerging in vitro resistance? Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(2):234–237. doi:10.1086/49959616355334
  • Klugman KP. Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1990;3(2):171–196. doi:10.1128/CMR.3.2.1712187594
  • Iroh Tam PY, Sadoh AE, Obaro SK. A meta-analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for pneumococcal pneumonia in Sub-Saharan Africa. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2018;38(1):7–15. doi:10.1080/20469047.2017.129870028453405
  • Cheng AC, Jenney AWJ. Macrolide resistance in pneumococci—is it relevant? Pneumonia. 2016;8(1):10. doi:10.1186/s41479-016-0010-128702289
  • FMHACA. Standard treatment guidelines for general hospitals. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority; 2014. Available from: http://www.fmhaca.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/STG-General-Hospital.pdf. Accessed 19, 2021.
  • Abaye G, Fekadu H, Haji K, Alemu D, Anjulo AA, Yadate DT. Prevalence and risk factors of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children attending kindergarten, in district of Arsi Zone, South East, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):253. doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4283-331064380
  • Hailegiyorgis TT, Sarhie WD, Workie HM. Isolation and antimicrobial drug susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens from pediatric patients with otitis media in selected health institutions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord. 2018;18(1):8. doi:10.1186/s12901-018-0056-129849503
  • Liñares J, Ardanuy C, Pallares R, Fenoll A. Changes in antimicrobial resistance, serotypes and genotypes in Streptococcus pneumoniae over a 30-year period. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010;16(5):402–410. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03182.x20132251
  • Tin Tin Htar M, van Den Biggelaar AHJ, Sings H, et al. The impact of routine childhood immunization with higher-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on antimicrobial-resistant pneumococcal diseases and carriage: a systematic literature review. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019;18(10):1069–1089. doi:10.1080/14760584.2019.167615531585049
  • FMOH. Introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Ethiopia: training manual for health workers. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Health; 2011. Avialable from: https://www.medbox.org/pdf/5e148832db60a2044c2d3dd9. Accessed 110, 2021.
  • Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) and ICF. Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey 2019: key indicators. EPHI and ICF; 2019. Avialable from: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/PR120/PR120.pdf. Accessed 48, 2021.
  • CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Twenty Eighth Informational Supplement M100-S27. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2017.
  • Rudolph K, Bulkow L, Bruce M, et al. Molecular resistance mechanisms of macrolide-resistant invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Alaska, 1986 to 2010. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(11):5415–5422. doi:10.1128/AAC.00319-1323959308
  • Roberts MC, Sutcliffe J, Courvalin P, Jensen LB, Rood J, Seppala H. Nomenclature for macrolide and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance determinants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999;43(12):2823–2830. doi:10.1128/aac.43.12.282310582867
  • Skalet AH, Cevallos V, Ayele B, et al. Antibiotic selection pressure and macrolide resistance in nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae: a cluster-randomized clinical trial. PLoS Med. 2010;7(12):e1000377. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.100037721179434
  • Negash AA, Asrat D, Abebe W, et al. Bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia in Ethiopian children: etiology, antibiotic resistance, risk factors, and clinical outcome. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6(3):ofz029. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz02930838226
  • Negash AA, Asrat D, Abebe W, et al. Pneumococcal carriage, serotype distribution, and risk factors in children with community-acquired pneumonia, 5 years after introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Ethiopia. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6(6):ofz259. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz25931263735
  • Negash AA, Asrat D, Abebe W, et al. Pneumococcal serotype 19A is the major cause of pediatric acute otitis media with ruptured tympanic membrane in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 5 years after the introduction of the ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;126:109638. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.10963831442868
  • Negash AA, Asrat D, Abebe W, et al. Etiology, antibiotic susceptibility and prognostic factors of pediatric community-acquired sepsis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2021;15(01):113–122. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-30916/v133571153
  • Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966;45(4):493–496. doi:10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.4935325707
  • Vaneechoutte M, Claeys G, Steyaert S, et al. Isolation of Moraxella canis from an ulcerated metastatic lymph node. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(10):3870–3872. doi:10.1128/JCM.38.10.3870-3871.200011015424
  • Nagaraj G, Ganaie F, Govindan V, Ravikumar KL. Development of PCRSeqTyping—a novel molecular assay for typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumonia. 2017;9(1):8–17. doi:10.1186/s41479-017-0032-328702310
  • Sørensen UBS. Typing of pneumococci by using 12 pooled antisera. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31(8):2097–2100. doi:10.1128/JCM.31.8.2097-2100.19938370735
  • Sutcliffe J, Grebe T, Tait-Kamradt A, Wondrack L. Detection of erythromycin-resistant determinants by PCR. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996;40(11):2562–2566. doi:10.1128/aac.40.11.25628913465
  • Tait-Kamradt A, Clancy J, Cronan M, et al. mefE is necessary for the erythromycin-resistant M phenotype in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41(10):2251–2255. doi:10.1128/AAC.41.10.22519333056
  • Ginsburg AS, Klugman KP. Vaccination to reduce antimicrobial resistance. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(12):e1176–e1177. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30364-929128252
  • Muhe L, Klugman KP. Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in a children’s hospital in Ethiopia: serotypes and susceptibility patterns. Trop Med Int Health. 1999;4(6):421–427. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00417.x10444317
  • Kobayashi M, Bigogo G, Kim L, et al. Impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction on pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among children aged <5 years and adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Kenya, 2009–2013. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;70(5):814–826. doi:10.1093/cid/ciz28530959526
  • von Gottberg A, de Gouveia L, Tempia S, et al. Effects of vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in South Africa. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(20):1889–1899. doi:10.1056/nejmoa140191425386897
  • Pinto TCA, Neves FPG, Souza ARV, et al. Evolution of penicillin non-susceptibility among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from asymptomatic carriage and invasive disease over 25 years in Brazil, 1990–2014. Front Microbiol. 2019;10(MAR):1–10. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.0048630728808
  • Cassiolato AP, Grassi Almeida SC, Andrade AL, Minamisava R, Cristina de Cunto Brandileone M. Expansion of the multidrug-resistant clonal complex 320 among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A after the introduction of a ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Brazil. PLoS One. 2018;13(11):e0208211. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.020821130496296
  • Farrell DJ, Morrissey I, Bakker S, Felmingham D. Molecular characterization of macrolide resistance mechanisms among Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from the PROTEKT 1999–2000 study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002;50(SUPPL.1):39–47. doi:10.1093/jac/dkf806
  • Assefa A, Gelaw B, Shiferaw Y, Tigabu Z. Nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae among pediatric outpatients at Gondar university hospital, North West Ethiopia. Pediatr Neonatol. 2013;54(5):315–321. doi:10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.03.01723680262
  • Keenan JD, Sahlu I, McGee L, et al. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal serotypes before and after mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2016;5(2):223–226. doi:10.1093/jpids/piu143
  • Dagan R, Juergens C, Trammel J, et al. Efficacy of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) versus that of 7-valent PCV (PCV7) against nasopharyngeal colonization of antibiotic-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(7):1144–1153. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu57625355940
  • Daly MM, Doktor S, Flamm R, Shortridge D. Characterization and prevalence of MefA, MefE, and the associated msr(D) gene in Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(8):3570–3574. doi:10.1128/JCM.42.8.3570-3574.200415297499
  • Schroeder MR, Lohsen S, Chancey ST, Stephens DS. High-level macrolide resistance due to the mega element [mef(E)/mel] in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:868. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.0086831105666
  • Schroeder MR, Stephens DS. Macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2016;6:98. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2016.0009827709102