Acquisition of the mcr-1 Gene Lowers the Target Mutation to Impede the Evolution of a High-Level Colistin-Resistant Mutant in Escherichia coli

References

• BakerS, DuyPT, NgaTVT, et al. Fitness benefits in fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi in the absence of antimicrobial pressure. Elife. 2013;2. doi:10.7554/eLife.01229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TangdenT, GiskeCG. Global dissemination of extensively drug-resistant carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: clinical perspectives on detection, treatment and infection control. J Intern Med. 2015;277(5):501–512. doi:10.1111/joim.1234225556628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PoirelL, JayolA, Polymyxins:NP, ActivityA, TestingS. Resistance mechanisms encoded by plasmids or chromosomes. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30:557–596. doi:10.1128/CMR.00064-1628275006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PhanMD, NhuNTK, AchardMES, et al. Modifications in the pmrB gene are the primary mechanism for the development of chromosomally encoded resistance to polymyxins in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Antimicrobial Chemother. 2017;72:2729–2736. doi:10.1093/jac/dkx204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CannatelliA, Di PilatoV, GianiT, et al. In vivo evolution to colistin resistance by PmrB sensor kinase mutation in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with low-dosage colistin treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(8):4399–4403. doi:10.1128/AAC.02555-1424841267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OlaitanAO, MorandS, RolainJ-M. Mechanisms of polymyxin resistance: acquired and intrinsic resistance in bacteria. Front Microbiol. 2014;5:643. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.0064325505462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiuYY, WangY, WalshTR, et al. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(2):161–168. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00424-726603172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrialesA, Rodríguez-MartínezJM, VelascoC, et al. In vitro effect of qnrA1, qnrB1, and qnrS1 genes on fluoroquinolone activity against isogenic Escherichia coli isolates with mutations in gyrA and parC. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(3):1266–1269. doi:10.1128/AAC.00927-1021173174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RobicsekA, StrahilevitzJ, JacobyGA, et al. Fluoroquinolone-modifying enzyme: a new adaptation of a common aminoglycoside acetyltransferase. Nat Med. 2006;12(1):83–88. doi:10.1038/nm134716369542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WattalC, OberoiJK, GoelN, RaveendranR, KhannaS. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for rapid identification of micro-organisms in the routine clinical microbiology laboratory. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 2017;36(5):807–812. doi:10.1007/s10096-016-2864-9
   Google Scholar
• SunY, LiuQ, ChenS, et al. Characterization and plasmid elimination of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter calcoaceticus from China. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e106555. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.010655525181293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShenC, FengS, ChenH, et al. Transmission of mcr-1-producing multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae in public transportation in Guangzhou, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(suppl_2):S217–S224. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy66130423047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShenP, WeiZ, JiangY, et al. Novel genetic environment of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-Lactamase KPC-2 among enterobacteriaceae in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:4333–4338. doi:10.1128/AAC.00260-0919620332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 30th ed. Available from: http://www.clsi.org/. Accessed 121, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• ZhengB, HuangC, XuH, et al. Occurrence and genomic characterization of ESBL-producing, MCR-1-harboring Escherichia coli in farming soil. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:2510. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.0251029312211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LivakKJ, SchmittgenTD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402–408. doi:10.1006/meth.2001.126211846609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FalagasME, RafailidisPI, MatthaiouDK. Resistance to polymyxins: mechanisms, frequency and treatment options. Drug Resist Updat. 2010;13(4–5):132–138. doi:10.1016/j.drup.2010.05.00220843473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BulmanZP, ChenL, WalshTJ, et al. Polymyxin combinations combat Escherichia coli harboring mcr-1 and blaNDM-5: preparation for a postantibiotic era. MBio. 2017;8. doi:10.1128/mBio.00540-17
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmithNM, BulmanZP, SieronAO, et al. Pharmacodynamics of dose-escalated ‘front-loading’ polymyxin B regimens against polymyxin-resistant mcr-1-harbouring Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(8):2297–2303. doi:10.1093/jac/dkx12128505268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhouY-F, TaoM-T, FengY, et al. Increased activity of colistin in combination with amikacin against Escherichia coli co-producing NDM-5 and MCR-1. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(6):1723–1730. doi:10.1093/jac/dkx03828333193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-MartinezJM, VelascoC, GarcíaI, et al. Mutant prevention concentrations of fluoroquinolones for Enterobacteriaceae expressing the plasmid-carried quinolone resistance determinant qnrA1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51(6):2236–2239. doi:10.1128/AAC.01444-0617404007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JacobyGA. Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41 Suppl 2:S120–126. doi:10.1086/42805215942878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JeannotK, BolardA, PlesiatP. Resistance to polymyxins in gram-negative organisms. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2017;49(5):526–535. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.02928163137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YangQ, LiM, SpillerOB, et al. Balancing mcr-1 expression and bacterial survival is a delicate equilibrium between essential cellular defence mechanisms. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):2054. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02149-029233990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CannatelliA, GianiT, AiezzaN, et al. An allelic variant of the PmrB sensor kinase responsible for colistin resistance in an Escherichia coli strain of clinical origin. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):5071. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05167-628698568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SunS, NegreaA, RhenM, AnderssonDI. Genetic analysis of colistin resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(6):2298–2305. doi:10.1128/AAC.01016-0819332669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AravindL, PontingCP. The cytoplasmic helical linker domain of receptor histidine kinase and methyl-accepting proteins is common to many prokaryotic signalling proteins. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999;176(1):111–116. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13650.x10418137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AgersoY, TorpdahlM, ZachariasenC, et al. Tentative colistin epidemiological cut-off value for Salmonella spp. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2012;9(4):367–369. doi:10.1089/fpd.2011.101522300222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LacourS, DoubletP, ObadiaB, CozzoneAJ, GrangeasseC. A novel role for protein-tyrosine kinase Etk from Escherichia coli K-12 related to polymyxin resistance. Res Microbiol. 2006;157(7):637–641. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2006.01.00316814990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LacourS, BechetE, CozzoneAJ, MijakovicI, GrangeasseC. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the UDP-glucose dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli is at the crossroads of colanic acid synthesis and polymyxin resistance. PLoS One. 2008;3:e3053. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.000305318725960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MoonK, GottesmanS. A PhoQ/P-regulated small RNA regulates sensitivity of Escherichia coli to antimicrobial peptides. Mol Microbiol. 2009;74(6):1314–1330. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06944.x19889087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar