Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Neonatal Septicemia and Associated Factors of ICU Hospitalization Days

References

• Kim F, Polin RA, Hooven TA. Neonatal sepsis. BMJ. 2020;371:m3672. doi:10.1136/bmj.m3672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane AL, Sánchez PJ, Stoll BJ. Neonatal sepsis. Lancet. 2017;390:1770–1780. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31002-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaurasia S, Sivanandan S, Agarwal R, et al. Neonatal sepsis in South Asia: huge burden and spiralling antimicrobial resistance. BMJ. 2019;364:k5314. doi:10.1136/bmj.k5314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narava S, Rajaram G, Ramadevi A, et al. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal infections: a review with an Indian perspective. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2014;32:6–12. doi:10.4103/0255-0857.124286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong H, Cao H, Zheng H. Pathogenic bacteria distributions and drug resistance analysis in 96 cases of neonatal sepsis. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17:44. doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0789-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokhrel B, Koirala T, Shah G, et al. Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility of neonatal sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Nepal. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18:208. doi:10.1186/s12887-018-1176-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatalov A, Mangue P, Foqahaa RJ. Predominance of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia and other gram negative bacteria in neonatal sepsis in Equatorial Guinea. Open J Med Microbiol. 2015;5:254–258. doi:10.4236/ojmm.2015.54031
   Google Scholar
• Weldu Y, Naizgi M, Hadgu A, et al. Neonatal septicemia at intensive care unit, Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, North Ethiopia: bacteriological profile, drug susceptibility pattern, and associated factors. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0235391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235391
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NNPD Network. National Neonatal-Perinatal Database-Report 2002–2003. New Delhi, India: National Neonatology Forum NNPD Network. 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Puopolo KM. Bacterial and fungal infections. Cloherty JP, Eichenwald EC, Stark AR, editors. In: Manual of Neonatal Care. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott William and Wilkins; 2008:274–300.
   Google Scholar
• Bartlett AW, Smith B, George CR, et al. Epidemiology of late and very late onset group B Streptococcal disease: fifteen-year experience from two Australian tertiary pediatric facilities. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36:20–24. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000001345
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De AS, Rathi MR, Mathur MM. Mortality audit of neonatal sepsis secondary to Acinetobacter. J Glob Infect Dis. 2013;5:3–7. doi:10.4103/0974-777X.107165
   Google Scholar
• Anitha A, Babu K, Siddini V, et al. Brief report: fungal balls in the urinary tract of an infant. Indian J Nephrol. 2017;27:165–166. doi:10.4103/0971-4065.200517
   Google Scholar
• Khaertynov KS, Anokhin VA, Rizvanov AA, et al. Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from neonates with sepsis. Front Med. 2018;5:225. doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues LDS, Rodrigues LDS, Costa LC, et al. Trend in infant mortality rate caused by sepsis in Brazil from 2009 to 2018. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2021;63:e26. doi:10.1590/s1678-9946202163026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu C, Zhang Y, Shang Y, et al. Clinical values of common biomarkers for efficacy monitoring of antibiotics in early-onset neonatal sepsis. Transl Pediatr. 2020;9:669–676. doi:10.21037/tp-20-326
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr D, Barnes EH, Gordon A, et al. Effect of antibiotic use on antimicrobial antibiotic resistance and late-onset neonatal infections over 25 years in an Australian tertiary neonatal unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2017;102:F244–F250. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-310905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma CM, Agrawal RP, Sharan H, et al. “Neonatal sepsis”: bacteria & their susceptibility pattern towards antibiotics in neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7:2511–2513. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2013/6796.3594
   Google Scholar
• Moges F, Eshetie S, Yeshitela B, et al. Bacterial etiologic agents causing neonatal sepsis and associated risk factors in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17:137. doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0892-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thapa S, Sapkota LB. Changing trend of neonatal septicemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates in Nepal. Int J Pediatr. 2019;2019:3784529. doi:10.1155/2019/3784529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muley VA, Ghadage DP, Bhore AV. Bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia in a tertiary care hospital from Western India. J Glob Infect Dis. 2015;7:75–77. doi:10.4103/0974-777X.154444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Ding X, Shi P, et al. Clinical features and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of culture-proven neonatal sepsis in a tertiary children’s hospital, 2013 to 2017. Medicine. 2019;98:e14686. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000014686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballot DE, Nana T, Sriruttan C, et al. Bacterial bloodstream infections in neonates in a developing country. ISRN Pediatr. 2012;2012:508512. doi:10.5402/2012/508512
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laxminarayan R, Matsoso P, Pant S, et al. Access to effective antimicrobials: a worldwide challenge. Lancet. 2016;387:168–175. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00474-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell AB, Sharland M, Heath PT. Improving antibiotic prescribing in neonatal units: time to act. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2012;97:F141–F146. doi:10.1136/adc.2007.120709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Xiaohui HB, Baoying T, Huimei L. Clinical study of group B streptococcal septicemia in neonates. J Chin Mod Doctors. 2020;58:90–93.
   Google Scholar
• Daniels JP, Gray J, Pattison HM, et al. Intrapartum tests for group B streptococcus: accuracy and acceptability of screening. Bjog. 2011;118:257–265. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02725.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu SM, Hsu JF, Lee CW, et al. Neurological complications after neonatal bacteremia: the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes. PLoS One. 2014;9:e105294. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105294
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Y, Jiang SY, Zhou Q, et al. Group B Streptococcus causes severe sepsis in term neonates: 8 years experience of a major Chinese neonatal unit. World J Pediatr. 2017;13:314–320. doi:10.1007/s12519-017-0034-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darlow B, Campbell N, Austin N, et al. The prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcus infection: New Zealand consensus guidelines 2014. NZ Med J. 2015;128:69–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrag SJ, Verani JR. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease: experience in the United States and implications for a potential group B streptococcal vaccine. Vaccine. 2013;31:D20–D26. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueller M, Henle A, Droz S, et al. Intrapartum detection of Group B streptococci colonization by rapid PCR-test on labor ward. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014;176:137–141. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.02.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan CP, Lamagni T, Patel D, et al. Group B streptococcal disease in UK and Irish infants younger than 90 days, 2014–15: a prospective surveillance study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19:83–90. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30555-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Renzo GC, Melin P, Berardi A, et al. Intrapartum GBS screening and antibiotic prophylaxis: a European consensus conference. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28:766–782. doi:10.3109/14767058.2014.934804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagano N, Nagano Y, Toyama M, et al. Nosocomial spread of multidrug-resistant group B streptococci with reduced penicillin susceptibility belonging to clonal complex 1. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67:849–856. doi:10.1093/jac/dkr546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer K, Zemlin M, Hummel M, et al. Diversification of Ig heavy chain genes in human preterm neonates prematurely exposed to environmental antigens. J Immunol. 2002;169:1349–1356. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.3.1349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser MA, Hughes LM, Jnah A, et al. Neonatal sepsis: a review of pathophysiology and current management strategies. Adv Neonatal Care. 2021;21:49–60. doi:10.1097/ANC.0000000000000769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henneke P, Berner R. SIRS and group-B streptococcal sepsis in newborns: pathogenesis and perspectives in adjunctive therapy. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006;11:333–342. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2006.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pai S, Enoch DA, Aliyu SH. Bacteremia in children: epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and antibiotic treatment. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015;13:1073–1088. doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1063418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian L. Clinical characteristics of group B streptococcal septicemia in neonates. Chin Foreign Med Res. 2018;16:136–137.
   Google Scholar
• Ashokcoomar P, Bhagwan R. The forgotten needs of mothers during neonatal transfers: a quest for greater sensitivity. S Afr Fam Pract. 2020;62:e1–e8. doi:10.4102/safp.v62i1.5091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arthur KR, Kelz RR, Mills AM, et al. Interhospital transfer: an independent risk factor for mortality in the surgical intensive care unit. Am Surg. 2013;79:909–913. doi:10.1177/000313481307900929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odetola FO, Gebremariam A. Transfer hospitalizations for pediatric severe sepsis or septic shock: resource use and outcomes. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19:196. doi:10.1186/s12887-019-1577-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sample M, Acharya A, O’Hearn K, et al. The relationship between remoteness and outcomes in critically ill children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18:e514–e520. doi:10.1097/PCC.0000000000001318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falsaperla R, Vitaliti G, Amato B, et al. Observational study on the efficiency of Neonatal Emergency Transport in reducing mortality and morbidity indexes in Sicily. Sci Rep. 2021;11:20235. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99477-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar