564
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG Antibodies Following COVID-19 Vaccines

ORCID Icon, , , , , , ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 4127-4136 | Published online: 29 Jul 2022

References

  • Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’Neill N, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: a review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg. 2020;76:71–76. doi:10.1016/J.IJSU.2020.02.034
  • Rauf A, Abu-Izneid T, Olatunde A, et al. COVID-19 Pandemic: epidemiology, Etiology, Conventional and Non-Conventional Therapies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(21):1–32. doi:10.3390/IJERPH17218155
  • Alsagaby SA, Aljouie A, Alshammari TH, et al. Haematological and radiological-based prognostic markers of COVID-19. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(11):1650–1657. doi:10.1016/J.JIPH.2021.09.021
  • WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard | WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/. Accessed November 10, 2021.
  • Forni G, Mantovani A, Forni G, et al. COVID-19 vaccines: where we stand and challenges ahead. Cell Death Differ. 2021;28(2):626–639. doi:10.1038/S41418-020-00720-9
  • Wallace M, Woodworth KR, Gargano JW, et al. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Interim Recommendation for Use of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years - United States, May 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(20):749–752. doi:10.15585/MMWR.MM7020E1
  • Oliver SE, Gargano JW, Marin M, et al. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Interim Recommendation for Use of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine - United States, December 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(50):1922–1924. doi:10.15585/MMWR.MM6950E2
  • Shimabukuro T, Nair N. Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. JAMA. 2021;325(8):780–781. doi:10.1001/JAMA.2021.0600
  • Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, et al. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(27):2603–2615. doi:10.1056/NEJMOA2034577
  • Covid CD, Team R. Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine - United States, December 14-23, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(2):46–51. doi:10.15585/MMWR.MM7002E1
  • Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA, et al. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet. 2021;397(10269):99–111. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1
  • Pottegård A, Lund LC, Karlstad Ø, et al. Arterial events, venous thromboembolism, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding after vaccination with Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S in Denmark and Norway: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2021:373. doi:10.1136/BMJ.N1114
  • Wise J. Covid-19: european countries suspend use of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine after reports of blood clots. BMJ. 2021;372:n699. doi:10.1136/BMJ.N699
  • Lundstrom K, Barh D, Uhal BD, et al. COVID-19 Vaccines and Thrombosis—Roadblock or Dead-End Street? Biomolecules. 2021;11(7):1020. doi:10.3390/BIOM11071020
  • Ndwandwe D, Wiysonge CS. COVID-19 vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol. 2021;71:111–116. doi:10.1016/J.COI.2021.07.003
  • Yang L, Liu S, Liu J, et al. COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5:1. doi:10.1038/S41392-020-00243-2
  • Boudjelal M, Almajed F, Salman AM, et al. COVID-19 vaccines: global challenges and prospects forum recommendations. Int J Infectious Dis. 2021;105:448–451. doi:10.1016/J.IJID.2021.02.093
  • Bosaeed M, Balkhy HH, Almaziad S, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine candidate in healthy Middle Eastern adults (MERS002): an open-label, non-randomised, dose-escalation, Phase 1b trial. Lancet Microbe. 2021. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00193-2
  • Levin EG, Lustig Y, Cohen C, et al. Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months. N Engl J Med. 2021. doi:10.1056/NEJMOA2114583
  • Naaber P, Tserel L, Kangro K, et al. Dynamics of antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccine after six months: a longitudinal prospective study. Lancet Regional Health Europe. 2021;10:100208. doi:10.1016/J.LANEPE.2021.100208
  • Mahallawi WH, Fakher MH, Alsarani MA, Aljohani RH, Al-Mutabgani SA, Ibrahim NA. A Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Primes a Strong Humoral Immune Response in COVID-19-Recovered Patients. Viral Immunol. 2021. doi:10.1089/VIM.2021.0108/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/VIM.2021.0108_FIGURE6.JPEG
  • Garg J, Singh V, Pandey P, et al. Evaluation of sample pooling for diagnosis of COVID-19 by real time-PCR: a resource-saving combat strategy. J Med Virol. 2021;93(3):1526–1531. doi:10.1002/JMV.26475
  • Interim Guidance for Use of Pooling Procedures in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic and Screening Testing | CDC. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/pooling-procedures.html. Accessed November 10, 2021.
  • Alharbi NK, Alghnam S, Algaissi A, et al. Nationwide Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(7):832–838. doi:10.1016/J.JIPH.2021.04.006
  • Chappell KJ, Mordant FL, Li Z, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an MF59-adjuvanted spike glycoprotein-clamp vaccine for SARS-CoV-2: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(10):1383–1394. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(21
  • Amanat F, White KM, Miorin L, et al. An In Vitro Microneutralization Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Serology and Drug Screening. Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2020;58(1):e108. doi:10.1002/cpmc.108
  • Algaissi A, Hashem AM. Evaluation of MERS-CoV Neutralizing Antibodies in Sera Using Live Virus Microneutralization Assay. Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2099:107–116. doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0211-9_9
  • Doria-Rose N, Suthar MS, Makowski M, et al. Antibody Persistence through 6 Months after the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(23):2259–2261. doi:10.1056/NEJMC2103916
  • Thomas SJ, Moreira ED, Kitchin N, et al. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine through 6 Months. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(19):1761–1773. doi:10.1056/NEJMOA2110345
  • Khoury DS, Cromer D, Reynaldi A, et al. Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med. 2021;27(7):1205–1211. doi:10.1038/S41591-021-01377-8
  • Wheeler SE. Differential Antibody Response to mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Healthy Subjects. Microbiol Spectr. 2021;9(1). doi:10.1128/SPECTRUM.00341-21
  • Baumgarth N, Nikolich-žugich J, Lee FEH, Bhattacharya D. Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2: let’s Stick to Known Knowns. J Immunol. 2020;205(9):2342–2350. doi:10.4049/JIMMUNOL.2000839
  • Khodadadi L, Cheng Q, Radbruch A, Hiepe F. The Maintenance of Memory Plasma Cells. Front Immunol. 2019;10. doi:10.3389/FIMMU.2019.00721
  • Quast I, Tarlinton D. B cell memory: understanding COVID-19. Immunity. 2021;54(2):205–210. doi:10.1016/J.IMMUNI.2021.01.014
  • Steensels D, Pierlet N, Penders J, Mesotten D, Heylen L. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response Following Vaccination With BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. JAMA. 2021;326(15):1533–1535. doi:10.1001/JAMA.2021.15125
  • Wang Z, Muecksch F, Schaefer-Babajew D, et al. Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection. Nature. 2021;595(7867):426–431. doi:10.1038/S41586-021-03696-9
  • Angyal A, Longet S, Moore S, et al. T-Cell and Antibody Responses to First BNT162b2 Vaccine Dose in Previously SARS-CoV-2-Infected and Infection-Naive UK Healthcare Workers: a Multicentre, Prospective, Observational Cohort Study. SSRN Electronic J. 2021. doi:10.2139/SSRN.3812375
  • Parry H, Bruton R, Stephens C, et al. Extended interval BNT162b2 vaccination enhances peak antibody generation. NPJ Vaccines. 2022;7(1):14. doi:10.1038/s41541-022-00432-w
  • Payne RP, Longet S, Austin JA, et al. Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Cell. 2021;184(23):5699–5714.e11. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.011
  • Amirthalingam G, Bernal JL, Andrews NJ, et al. Serological responses and vaccine effectiveness for extended COVID-19 vaccine schedules in England. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):7217. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27410-5
  • Voysey M, Costa Clemens SA, Madhi SA, et al. Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials. Lancet. 2021;397(10277):881–891. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21
  • Flaxman A, Marchevsky NG, Jenkin D, et al. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity after a late second dose or a third dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in the UK: a substudy of two randomised controlled trials (COV001 and COV002). Lancet. 2021;398(10304):981–990. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01699-8
  • Wei J, Pouwels KB, Stoesser N, et al. Antibody responses and correlates of protection in the general population after two doses of the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines. Nat Med. 2022. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01721-6
  • Müller M, Volzke J, Subin B, et al. Single-Dose SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination With BNT162b2 and AZD1222 Induce Disparate Th1 Responses and IgA Production. medRxiv. 2021;2021:21263726. doi:10.1101/2021.09.17.21263726
  • Müller M, Volzke J, Subin B, et al. Single-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations with either BNT162b2 or AZD1222 induce disparate Th1 responses and IgA production. BMC Med. 2022;20(1):29. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02240-4
  • Zurac S, Nichita L, Mateescu B, et al. COVID-19 vaccination and IgG and IgA antibody dynamics in healthcare workers. Mol Med Rep. 2021;24:2. doi:10.3892/mmr.2021.12217
  • Madhumita Shrotri A, Fragaszy E, Geismar C, et al. Spike-antibody responses following first and second doses of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines by age, gender, and clinical factors - a prospective community cohort study (Virus Watch). medRxiv. 2021;2021. doi:10.1101/2021.05.12.21257102
  • Krammer F, Srivastava K, Alshammary H, et al. Antibody Responses in Seropositive Persons after a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(14):1372–1374. doi:10.1056/NEJMC2101667
  • Saadat S, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Logue J, et al. Binding and Neutralization Antibody Titers After a Single Vaccine Dose in Health Care Workers Previously Infected With SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2021;325(14):1467–1469. doi:10.1001/JAMA.2021.3341
  • Ebinger JE, Fert-Bober J, Printsev I, et al. Antibody responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med. 2021;27(6):981–984. doi:10.1038/S41591-021-01325-6
  • Mazzoni A. First-dose mRNA vaccination is sufficient to reactivate immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 in subjects who have recovered from COVID-19. J Clin Invest. 2021;131(12). doi:10.1172/JCI149150
  • Gobbi F, Buonfrate D, Moro L, et al. Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Subjects with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses. 2021;13:3. doi:10.3390/V13030422
  • Parry H, Bruton R, Tut G, et al. Immunogenicity of single vaccination with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 at 5-6 weeks post vaccine in participants aged 80 years or older: an exploratory analysis. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021;2(9):e554–e560. doi:10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00169-0
  • Bernal JL, Andrews N, Gower C, et al. Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study. BMJ. 2021;373. doi:10.1136/BMJ.N1088
  • Simon B, Rubey H, Treipl A, et al. Haemodialysis patients show a highly diminished antibody response after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination compared with healthy controls. Nephrol Dialysis Transplanta. 2021;36(9):1709–1716. doi:10.1093/NDT/GFAB179
  • Dispinseri S, Lampasona V, Secchi M, et al. Robust Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Develop and Persist in Subjects with Diabetes and COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(5):1472–1481. doi:10.1210/CLINEM/DGAB055