161
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
CASE REPORT

Pneumocystis jirovecii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pulmonary Coinfection in an HIV-Seronegative Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review

ORCID Icon &
Pages 4149-4154 | Published online: 30 Jul 2022

References

  • Mongardon N, Bruneel F, Henry-Lagarrigue M, Legriel S, Azarian R, Bedos JP. Pneumonia involving Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pneumocystis jiroveci in HIV-seronegative patients. Eur J Intern Med. 2008;19(7):e70–e72. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2008.04.004
  • Suk CW, Bai KJ, Yu MC, Hu TY. Coinfection of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis in a non-HIV-infected patient. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2015;48(6):711–712. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2014.07.001
  • Li MC, Lee NY, Lee CC, Lee HC, Chang CM, Ko WC. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes in non-HIV-infected individuals. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2014;47(1):42–47. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2012.08.024
  • World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report. World Health Organization; 2019.
  • Coutinho AE, Chapman KE. The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids, recent developments and mechanistic insights. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011;335(1):2–13. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.005
  • Youssef J, Novosad SA, Winthrop KL. Infection risk and safety of corticosteroid use. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2016;42(1):157–176. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.004
  • Caplan A, Fett N, Rosenbach M, Werth VP, Micheletti RG. Prevention and management of glucocorticoid-induced side effects: a comprehensive review: infectious complications and vaccination recommendations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76(2):191–198. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1240
  • Yale SH, Limper AH. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996;71(1):5–13. doi:10.4065/71.1.5
  • Jick SS, Lieberman ES, Rahman MU, Choi HK. Glucocorticoid use, other associated factors, and the risk of tuberculosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55(1):19–26. doi:10.1002/art.21705
  • Abubakar I, Stagg HR, Whitworth H, Lalvani A. How should I interpret an interferon gamma release assay result for tuberculosis infection? Thorax. 2013;68(3):298–301. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203247
  • Pai M, Denkinger CM, Kik SV, et al. Gamma interferon release assays for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014;27(1):3–20. doi:10.1128/CMR.00034-13