Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Implementation: Effect on Malaria Incidence and Immunity in a Context of Expansion of P. falciparum Resistant Genotypes with Potential Reduction of the Effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa

References

• World Health Organization. World Malaria Report; 2021. ISBN978 92 4 004049 6.
   Google Scholar
• Ndiaye M, Sylla K, Sow D, et al. Potential impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on the acquisition of antibodies against glutamate-rich protein and apical membrane antigen 1 in children living in Southern Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;93(4):798–800. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0808
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) for Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Control in Highly Seasonal Transmission Areas of the Sahel Sub-Regions in Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Global Malaria Programme; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Cairns M, Roca-Feltrer A, Garske T, et al. Estimating the potential public health impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in African children. Nat Commun. 2012;3:1–9. doi:10.1038/ncomms1879
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grais RF, Laminou IM, Messe LW, et al. Molecular markers of resistance to amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine – pyrimethamine in an area with seasonal malaria chemoprevention in south central Niger. Malar J. 2018;17:1–9. doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2242-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Monitoring Antimalarial Drug Resistance: Report of a WHO Consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Dicko A, Diallo AI, Tembine I, et al. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria provides substantial protection against malaria in children already protected by an insecticide-treated bednet in Mali: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2011;8(2):e1000407. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000407
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attaher O, Zaidi I, Kwan JL, et al. Effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on immune markers of exhaustion and regulation. J Infect Dis. 2020;221(1):138–145. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Malaria Prevention Works, Let’s Close the Gap. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2017:127–129.
   Google Scholar
• Sylla K, Kouly Tine RC, Sow D, NDiaye M, Sarr A, Tshibola Mbuyi ML. Effect of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) and amodiaquine (AQ) on the acquisition of antiAMA1 and anti-MSP1_42 antibodies among children under 10 years living in the Southern part of Senegal (Velingara). Malar Chemother Control Elimin. 2017;6:155.
   Google Scholar
• Pitt C, Ndiaye M, Conteh L, et al. Large-scale delivery of seasonal malaria chemoprevention to children under 10 in Senegal: an economic analysis. Health Policy Plan. 2017;32(9):1256–1266. doi:10.1093/heapol/czx084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cissé B, Sokhna C, Boulanger D, et al. Seasonal intermittent preventive treatment with artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention of malaria in Senegalese children: a randomised, placebo controlled, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2006;367:659–667. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68264-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicko A, Sagara I, Sissoko MS, et al. Impact of intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine targeting the transmission season on the incidence of clinical malaria in children in Mali. Malar J. 2008;7:123. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konaté AT, Yaro JB, Ouédraogo AZ, et al. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria provides substantial protection against malaria in children already protected by an insecticide-treated bednet in Burkina Faso: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2011;8(2):e1000408. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000408
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NDiaye JL, Cissé B, Ba EH, et al. Safety of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine when delivered to children under 10 years of age by district health services in senegal: results from a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0168421. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tine RC, Faye B, Ndour CT, et al. Combining community case management of malarial and seasonal malaria chemoprevention for children less than 10 years in Senegal: feasibility, impact on malaria and Anemia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;91(5 SUPPL. 1):75.
   Google Scholar
• Ndiaye JLA, Ndiaye Y, Ba MS, et al. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention combined with community case management of malaria in children under 10 years of age, over 5 months, in south-east Senegal: a clusterrandomised trial. PLoS Med. 2019;16(3):e1002762. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002762
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traore A, Donovan L, Sawadogo B, et al. Extending seasonal malaria chemoprevention to five cycles: a pilot study of feasibility and acceptability in Mangodara district, Burkina Faso. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:442. doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12741-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cissé B, Ba EH, Sokhna C, et al. Effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children under ten years of age in senegal: a SteppedWedge cluster randomised trial. PLoS Med. 2016;13(11):e1002175. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002175
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokhna C, Cissé B, Milligan P, et al. A trial of the efficacy, safety and impact on drug resistance of four drug regimens for seasonal intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in senegalese children. PLoS One. 2008;3(1):e1471. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cisse B, Cairns M, Faye E, et al. Randomized trial of piperaquine with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine or dihydroartemisinin for malaria intermittent preventive treatment in children. PLoS One. 2009;4(9):e7164. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cairns M, Cheung YB, Xu Y, et al. Analysis of preventive interventions for malaria: exploring partial and complete protection and total and primary intervention effects. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;181(12):1008–1017. doi:10.1093/aje/kwv010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druetz T. Evaluation of direct and indirect effects of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Mali. Sci Rep. 2018;8:8104. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26474-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druetz T, Corneau-Tremblay N, Millogo T, et al. Impact evaluation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention under routine program implementation: a quasi-experimental study in Burkina Faso. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018;98(2):524–533. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diawara F, Steinhardt LC, Mahamar A, et al. Measuring the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention as part of routine malaria control in Kita, Mali. Malar J. 2017;16(1):325. doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1974-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kweku M, Liu D, Adjuik M, et al. Seasonal intermittent preventive treatment for the prevention of anaemia and malaria in Ghanaian children: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2008;3(12):e4000. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004000
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meremikwu MM, Donegan S, Sinclair D, Esu E, Oringanje C. Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children living in areas with seasonal transmission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;2012(2):CD003756. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003756.pub4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zongo I, Milligan P, Compaore YD, et al. Randomized noninferiority trial of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine compared with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine for seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Burkina Faso. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59(8):4387–4396. doi:10.1128/AAC.04923-14
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baba E, Hamade P, Kivumbi H; ACCESS-SMC Partnership. Effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention at scale in west and Central Africa: an observational study. Lancet. 2020;396:1829–1840. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32227-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington WE, Mutabingwa TK, Kabyemela E, Fried M, Duffy PE. Intermittent treatment to prevent pregnancy malaria does not confer benefit in an area of widespread drug resistance. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(3):224–230. doi:10.1093/cid/cir376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ntab B, Cissé B, Boulanger D, et al. Impact of intermittent preventive anti-malarial treatment on the growth and nutritional status of preschool children in rural Senegal (West Africa). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77(3):411–417. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janin P. Gestion spatio-temporelle de la soudure alimentaire dans le Sahel burkinabé. Revue Tiers Monde. 2004;180(4):909–933. doi:10.3917/rtm.180.0909
   Google Scholar
• Pradines B, Dormoi J, Briolant S, Bogreau H, Rogier C. Resistance to antimalarial drugs . Rev Francoph des Lab. 2010;2010(422):51–62. doi:10.1016/S1773-035X(10)
   Google Scholar
• Basco L, Ringwald P. Drug-resistant malaria: problems with its definition and technical approaches. Cahiers d’études et de Recherches Francophones Santé. 2000;10(1):47–50.
   Google Scholar
• Picot S, Olliaro P, de Monbrison F, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for correlation between molecular markers of parasite resistance and treatment outcome in falciparum malaria. Malar J. 2009;8:89. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wernsdorfer WH, Noedl H. Molecular markers for drug resistance in malaria: use in treatment, diagnosis and epidemiology. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2003;16(6):553–558. PMID: 14624105. doi:10.1097/00001432-200312000-00007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutman J, Kalilani L, Taylor S, et al. The A581G mutation in the gene encoding plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthetase reduces the effectiveness of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine preventive therapy in Malawian pregnant women. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(12):1997–2005. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somé AF, Zongo I, Compaoré YD, et al. Selection of drug resistance-mediating Plasmodium falciparum genetic polymorphisms by seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Burkina Faso. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(7):3660–3665. doi:10.1128/AAC.02406-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Folarin OA, et al. Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum dhfr and dhps genes and age related in vivo sulfadoxinepyrimethamine resistance in malaria-infected patients from Nigeria. Acta Trop. 2005;95(3):183–193. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.06.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngondi JM, Ishengoma DS, Doctor SM, et al. Surveillance for sulfadoxinepyrimethamine resistant malaria parasites in the Lake and Southern Zones, Tanzania, using pooling and next-generation sequencing. Malar J. 2017;236. doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1886-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmgren G, Gil JP, Ferreira PM, Veiga MI, Obonyo CO, Björkman A. Amodiaquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in vivo is associated with selection of pfcrt 76T and pfmdr1 86Y. Infect Genet Evol. 2006;6(4):309–314. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2005.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmgren G, Hamrin J, Svärd J, Mårtensson A, Gil JP, Björkman A. Selection of pfmdr1 mutations after amodiaquine monotherapy and amodiaquine plus artemisinin combination therapy in East Africa. Infect Genet Evol. 2007;7(5):562–569. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2007.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beshir K, Sutherland CJ, Merinopoulos I, et al. Amodiaquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Afghanistan is associated with the pfcrt SVMNT allele at codons 72 to 76. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54(9):3714–3716. doi:10.1128/AAC.00358-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadalla NB, Adam I, Elzaki SE, et al. Increased pfmdr1 copy number and sequence polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Sudanese malaria patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(11):5408–5411. doi:10.1128/AAC.05102-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo AC, Babacar F, El-Hadj B, et al. Prevalence of molecular markers of drug resistance in an area of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children in Senegal. Malar J. 2013;12:137. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt-Riccio LR, Bianco-Junior C, Totino PRR, et al. Antibodies against the Plasmodium falciparum glutamate-rich protein from naturally exposed individuals living in a Brazilian malaria-endemic area can inhibit in vitro parasite growth. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011;106(Suppl 1):34–43. doi:10.1590/S0074-02762011000900005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell GH, Thomas AW, Margos G, Dluzewski AR, Bannister LH. Apical membrane antigen 1, a major malaria vaccine candidate, mediates the close attachment of invasive merozoites to host red blood cells. Infect Immun. 2004;72(1):154–158. doi:10.1128/IAI.72.1.154-158.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvie O, Franetich JF, Charrin S, et al. A role for apical membrane antigen 1 during invasion of hepatocytes by Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(10):9490–9496. doi:10.1074/jbc.M311331200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulanger D, Sarr JB, Fillol F, et al. Immunological consequences of intermittent preventive treatment against malaria in Senegalese preschool children. Malar J. 2010;9:363. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Updated WHO Recommendations for Malaria Chemoprevention and Elimination. Global Malaria Programme; 2022.
   Google Scholar