Prognostic Value of Wagner Grade and Platelet Level in Diabetics with Infected Foot Ulcers After Antibiotic Therapy

References

• International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas. 9th edition. Brussels, Bel Gium Atlas. Brussels, Belgium: IDF Diabetes; 2019. Available from: https://www.diabetesatlas.org. Accessed December 1, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Brechow A, Slesaczeck T, Münch D, et al. Improving major amputation rates in the multicomplex diabetic foot patient: focus on the severity of peripheral arterial disease. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2013;4(3):83–94. doi:10.1177/2042018813489719
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crawford F, Cezard G, Chappell FM; PODUS Group. The development and validation of a multivariable prognostic model to predict foot ulceration in diabetes using a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analyses. Diabet Med. 2018;35(11):1480–1493. doi:10.1111/dme.13797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminski MR, Raspovic A, McMahon LP, et al. Risk factors for foot ulceration and lower extremity amputation in adults with end-stage renal disease on dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015;30(10):1747–1766. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfv114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordois A, Scuffham P, Shearer A, Oglesby A, Tobian JA. The health care costs of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the US. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(6):1790–1795. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.6.1790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazzaruso C, Gallotti P, Pujia A, Montalcini T, Giustina A, Coppola A. Predictors of healing, ulcer recurrence and persistence, amputation and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic foot: a 10-year retrospective cohort study. Endocrine. 2021;71(1):59–68. doi:10.1007/s12020-020-02431-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ugwu E, Adeleye O, Gezawa I, Okpe I, Enamino M, Ezeani I. Predictors of lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: findings from MEDFUN, a multi-center observational study. J Foot Ankle Res. 2019;12:34. doi:10.1186/s13047-019-0345-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiber GE, Vileikyte L, Boyko EJ, et al. Causal pathways for incident lower-extremity ulcers in patients with diabetes from two settings. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(1):157–162. doi:10.2337/diacare.22.1.157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus GS, Cooper DM, Knighton DR, Percoraro RE, Rodeheaver G, Robson MC. Definitions and guidelines for assessment of wounds and evaluation of healing. Wound Repair Regen. 1994;2(3):165–170. doi:10.1046/j.1524-475X.1994.20305.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Natarajan S, Williamson D, Stiltz AJ, Harding K. Advances in wound care and healing technology. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2000;1(5):269–275. doi:10.2165/00128071-200001050-00002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Velnar T, Bailey T, Smrkolj V. The wound healing process: an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Int Med Res. 2009;37(5):1528–1542. doi:10.1177/147323000903700531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weck M, Slesaczeck T, Paetzold H, et al. Structured health care for subjects with diabetic foot ulcers results in a reduction of major amputation rates. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013;12(1):45. doi:10.1186/1475-2840-12-45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cahn A, Elishuv O, Olshtain-Pops K. Establishing a multidisciplinary diabetic foot team in a large tertiary hospital: a workshop. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014;30(5):350–353. doi:10.1002/dmrr.2527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders LJ, Robbins JM, Edmonds ME. History of the team approach to amputation prevention: pioneers and milestones. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52(3 Suppl):3S–16S. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2010.06.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lipsky BA, Senneville É, Abbas ZG, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of foot infection in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update). Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020;36(Suppl 1):e3280. doi:10.1002/dmrr.3280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndosi M, Wright-Hughes A, Brown S, et al. Prognosis of the infected diabetic foot ulcer: a 12-month prospective observational study. Diabet Med. 2018;35(1):78–88. doi:10.1111/dme.13537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Olmen J, Marie KG, Christian D, et al. Content, participants and outcomes of three diabetes care programmes in three low and middle income countries. Prim Care Diabetes. 2015;9(3):196–202. doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2014.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quddus MA, Uddin MJ. Evaluation of foot ulcers in diabetic patients. Mymensingh Med J. 2013;22(3):527–532.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Markowitz JS, Gutterman EM, Magee G, Margolis DJ. Risk of amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a claims-based study [published correction appears in Wound Repair Regen. 2007 Jan-Feb; 15(1):163]. Wound Repair Regen. 2006;14(1):11–17. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.00083.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carlson T, Reed JF. A case-control study of the risk factors for toe amputation in a diabetic population. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2003;2(1):19–21. doi:10.1177/1534734603002001004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaturvedi N, Stevens LK, Fuller JH, Lee ET, Lu M. Risk factors, ethnic differences and mortality associated with lower-extremity gangrene and amputation in diabetes. The WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. Diabetologia. 2001;44(Suppl 2):S65–S71. doi:10.1007/pl00002941
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monteiro-Soares M, Russell D, Boyko EJ, et al. Guidelines on the classification of diabetic foot ulcers (IWGDF 2019). Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020;36(Suppl 1):e3273. doi:10.1002/dmrr.3273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramakant P, Verma AK, Misra R, et al. Changing microbiological profile of pathogenic bacteria in diabetic foot infections: time for a rethink on which empirical therapy to choose? Diabetologia. 2011;54(1):58–64. doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1893-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra SC, Chhatbar KC, Kashikar A, Mehndiratta A. Diabetic foot. BMJ. 2017;359:j5064. doi:10.1136/bmj.j5064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abe R, Oda S, Sadahiro T, et al. Gram-negative bacteremia induces greater magnitude of inflammatory response than Gram-positive bacteremia. Crit Care. 2010;14(2):R27. doi:10.1186/cc8898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giske CG, Monnet DL, Cars O, Carmeli Y; ReAct-Action on on Antibiotic Resistance. Clinical and economic impact of common multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52(3):813–821. doi:10.1128/AAC.01169-07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loonen AJ, de Jager CP, Tosserams J, et al. Biomarkers and molecular analysis to improve bloodstream infection diagnostics in an emergency care unit. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e87315. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jager CP, van Wijk PT, Mathoera RB, de Jongh-Leuvenink J, van der Poll T, Wever PC. Lymphocytopenia and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio predict bacteremia better than conventional infection markers in an emergency care unit. Crit Care. 2010;14(5):R192. doi:10.1186/cc9309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ljungström L, Pernestig AK, Jacobsson G, Andersson R, Usener B, Tilevik D. Diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin, neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio, C-reactive protein, and lactate in patients with suspected bacterial sepsis. PLoS One. 2017;12(7):e0181704. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asik Z. The Role of the NLR and PLR in Urinary Tract Infection. Clin Lab. 2021;67(10). doi:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2021.210133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Z, Fu Z, Huang W, Huang K. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis: a meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(3):641–647. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.10.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dos Santos VP, da Silveira DR, Caffaro RA. Risk factors for primary major amputation in diabetic patients. Sao Paulo Med J. 2006;124(2):66–70. doi:10.1590/s1516-31802006000200004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shin JY, Roh SG, Sharaf B, Lee NH. Risk of major limb amputation in diabetic foot ulcer and accompanying disease: a meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2017;70(12):1681–1688. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2017.07.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, Eighth Edition 2017; 2018. Available from http://www.diabetesatlas.org. Accessed November 9, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Uçkay I, Gariani K, Pataky Z, Lipsky BA. Diabetic foot infections: state-of-The-art. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014;16(4):305–316. doi:10.1111/dom.12190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong DG, Boulton AJM, Bus SA, Ingelfinger JR. Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(24):2367–2375. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1615439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selva Olid A, Solà I, Barajas-Nava LA, Gianneo OD, Bonfill Cosp X, Lipsky BA. Systemic antibiotics for treating diabetic foot infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(9):CD009061. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009061.pub2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prompers L, Huijberts M, Apelqvist J, et al. High prevalence of ischaemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patients with diabetic foot disease in Europe. Baseline results from the Eurodiale study. Diabetologia. 2007;50(1):18–25. doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0491-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrientos S, Stojadinovic O, Golinko MS, Brem H, Tomic-Canic M. Growth factors and cytokines in wound healing. Wound Repair Regen. 2008;16(5):585–601. doi:10.1111/j.1524-475X.2008.00410.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurden AT, Nurden P, Sanchez M, Andia I, Anitua E. Platelets and wound healing. Front Biosci. 2008;13:3532–3548. doi:10.2741/2947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeger MA, Paller AS. The roles of growth factors in keratinocyte migration. Adv Wound Care. 2015;4(4):213–224. doi:10.1089/wound.2014.0540
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akingboye AA, Giddins S, Gamston P, Tucker A, Navsaria H, Kyriakides C. Application of autologous derived-platelet rich plasma gel in the treatment of chronic wound ulcer: diabetic foot ulcer. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2010;42(1):20–29. doi:10.1051/ject/201042020
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pscherer S, Dippel FW, Lauterbach S, Kostev K. Amputation rate and risk factors in type 2 patients with diabetic foot syndrome under real-life conditions in Germany. Prim Care Diabetes. 2012;6(3):241–246. doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2012.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venermo M, Manderbacka K, Ikonen T, Keskimäki I, Winell K, Sund R. Amputations and socioeconomic position among persons with diabetes mellitus, a population-based register study. BMJ Open. 2013;3(4):e002395. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar