Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and associated risk factors among medical students, Saudi Arabia

References

• El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC, et al. Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Gut. 2014;63:871–880. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-30426923853213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms and health-related quality of life in the adult general population–the kalixanda study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;23:1725–1733. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02952.x16817916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Lindgren A, et al. Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:825–831. doi:10.1056/NEJM19990513340190910080844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittal RK, Balaban DH. The esophagogastric junction. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:924–932. doi:10.1056/NEJM1997032733613069070474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hershcovici T, Mashimo H, Fass R. The lower esophagealsphincter. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;23:819–830. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01738.x21711416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessing BF, Conchillo JM, Bredenoord AJ, Smout AJPM, Masclee AAM. Review article: the clinical relevance of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33:650–661. doi:10.1111/apt.2011.33.issue-621219371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alsuwat OB, Alzahrani AA, Alzhrani MA, Alkhathami AM, Mahfouza MEM. Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Saudi Arabia. J Clin Med Res. 2018;10(3):221–225. doi:10.14740/jocmr3292w29416581
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Almadi MA, Almousa MA, Althwainy AF, et al. Prevalence of symptoms of gastroesopahgeal reflux in a cohort of Saudi Arabians: a study of 1265 subjects. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(4):248–254. doi:10.4103/1319-3767.13698225038211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO Expert Committee. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:i – xii, 1–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontaine KR, Barofsky I. Obesity and health-related quality of life. Obes Rev. 2001;2:173–182. doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00032.x12120102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• El-Serag HB. Time trends of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:17–26. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2006.09.01617142109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedenberg FK 1, Xanthopoulos M, Foster GD, Richter JE. The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(8):2111–2122. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01946.x18796104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones R, Junghard O, Dent J, et al. Development of the GerdQ, a tool for the diagnosis and management of gastro‑oesophageal reflux disease in primary care. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;30:1030. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04142.x19737151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben Chaabane N, El Jeridi N, Ben Salem K, et al. Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in a Tunisian primary care population determined by patient interview. Dis Esophagus. 2012;25(1):4–9. doi:10.1111/des.2012.25.issue-121595777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma PK, Ahuja V, Madan K, Gupta S, Raizada A, Sharma MP. Prevalence, severity, and risk factors of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease among employees of a large hospital in Northern India. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2011;30(3):128–134. doi:10.1007/s12664-010-0065-521061110
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saadi TA, Idris A, Turk T, Alkhatib M. Epidemiology and risk factors of uninvestigated dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease among students of Damascus University, Syria. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2016;6(4):285–293. doi:10.1016/j.jegh.2016.07.00127501053
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delavari A, Moradi G, Birjandi F, Elahi E, Saberifiroozi M. The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a systematic review. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2012;4(1):5–15.24829629
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ho KY. From GERD to Barrett’s esophagus: is the pattern in Asia mirroring that in the West? J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26(5):816–824. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06669.x21265879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma MC, Sharma CK, Puri BP. Prevalence and the risk factors of gastro-esophageal reflux disease in medical students. Med J Armed Forces India. 2017;74(3):250–254. doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2017.08.00530093768
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karthik RC, Balaji SM, Arumugam B, Sriram RM, Ezhilvanan M. Prevalence of gastro esophageal reflux disease among medical students in Chennai, South India. Indian J Forensic Community Med. 2017;4(3):199–203.
   Google Scholar
• Nam SY, Choi IJ, Nam BH, Park KW, Kim CG. Obesity and weight gain as risk factors for erosive oesophagitis in men. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29:1042–1052. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03965.x19222414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson BC, Somers SC, Fuchs CS, Kelly CP, Camargo CA Jr Body-mass index and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in women. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2340–2348. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa05439116738270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rey E, Moreno-Elola-Olaso C, Artalejo FR, Locke GR, Diaz-Rubio M. Association between weight gain and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in the general population. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:229–233. doi:10.1111/ajg.2006.101.issue-216454823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagergren J, Bergström R, Nyrén O. No relation between body mass and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms in a Swedish population based study. Gut. 2000;47:26–29. doi:10.1136/gut.47.1.2610861260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson M, Johnsen R, Ye W, Hveem K. Lagergren lifestyle related risk factors in the aetiology of gastro esophageal reflux. Gut. 2004;53(12):1730–1735. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.04326515542505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit CF, Copper MP, van Leeuwen JA, Schoots IG, Stanojcic LD. Effect of cigarette smoking on gastro pharyngeal and gastro esophageal reflux. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2001;110(2):190–193. doi:10.1177/00034894011100021611219528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murao T, Sakurai K, Mihara S, Marubayashi T, Murakami Y, Sasaki Y. Lifestyle change influences on GERD in Japan: a study of participants in a health examination program. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56(10):2857–2864. doi:10.1007/s10620-011-1679-x21487772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nandurkar S, Locke GR 3rd, Fett S, Zinsmeister AR, Cameron AJ, Talley NJ. Relationship between body mass index, diet, exercise and gastro-esophageal reflux symptoms in a community. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;20(5):497–505. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02156.x15339321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirila I, Morariu ID, Barboi OB, Drug VL. The role of diet in the overlap between gastro esophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2016;27(1):73–80. doi:10.5152/tjg.2015.15023826728864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khodarahmi M, Azadbakht L, Daghaghzadeh H, et al. Evaluation of the relationship between major dietary patterns and uninvestigated reflux among Iranian adults. Nutrition. 2016;32(5):573–583. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.11.01226830010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Rubio M, Moreno-Elola-Olaso C, Rey E, Locke GR 3rd, Rodriguez-Artalejo F. Symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux: prevalence, severity, duration and associated factors in a Spanish population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;19(1):95–105.14687171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saberi-Firoozi M, Khademolhosseini F, Yousefi M, Mehrabani D, Zare N, Heydari ST. Risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Shiraz, southern Iran. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13(41):5486–5491. doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i41.548617907293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke GR 3rd, Talley NJ, Fett SL, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ 3rd. Risk factors associated with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Med. 1999;106(6):642–649. doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00121-710378622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng Z, Nordenstedt H, Pedersen NL, Lagergren J, Ye W. Lifestyle factors and risk for symptomatic gastroesophagealreflux in monozygotic twins. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(1):87–95. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.01917241862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron AJ, Lagergren J, Henriksson C, Nyren O, Locke GR 3rd, Pedersen NL. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Gastroenterology. 2002;122(1):55–59.11781280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonfiglio F, Hysi PG, Ek W, et al. A meta-analysis of reflux genome-wide association studies in 6750 Northern Europeans from the general population. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017;29. doi:10.1111/nmo.12973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asling B, Jirholt J, Hammond P, et al. Collagen type III alpha I is a gastro-oesophageal reflux disease susceptibility gene and a male risk factor for hiatus hernia. Gut. 2009;58(8):1063–1069. doi:10.1136/gut.2008.16735319398442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar