Impacts of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics on Disease Severity and Mortality in Patients with Confirmed COVID-19

References

• T. C. Ministry Of Health General Directorate Of Public Health. Covid-19 (Sars-Cov2 Infection) Directory. Turkey: Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board,; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Li G, De Clercq E. Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020;19(3):149–150. doi:10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippi G, Plebani M, Henry BM. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;506:145–148. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippi G, Plebani M. Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;505:190–191. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu GQ, Zhang Q, Wang RC, Jiang SQ. Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and other inflammatory indicators in estimating clinical severity of coronavirus disease. World J Emerg Med. 2021;12(1):79–80. doi:10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2021.01.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao Y, Li T, Han M, et al. Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):791–796. doi:10.1002/jmv.25770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. COVID-19 Clinical Management: Living Guidance. Geneva; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020;109:102433. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young BE, Ong SWX, Kalimuddin S, et al. Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA. 2020;323((15):):1488–1494. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu L, Wang B, Yuan T, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;80(6):656–665. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei X, Xiao YT, Wang J, et al. Sex differences in severity and mortality among patients with COVID-19: evidence from pooled literature analysis and insights from integrated bioinformatic analysis. arXiv Preprint arXiv. 2020;2003:13547.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Zuo W. Single-Cell RNA expression profiling of ACE2, the Receptor of SARS-CoV-2]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(5):756–759. doi:10.1164/rccm.202001-0179LE
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, et al. ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2000688. doi:10.1183/13993003.00688-2020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He X, Lau EHY, Wu P, et al. Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 [published correction appears in Nat Med. 2020 Sep;26(9):1491-1493]. Nat Med. 2020;26(5):672–675. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imam Z, Odish F, Gill I, et al. Older age and comorbidity are independent mortality predictors in a large cohort of 1305 COVID-19 patients in Michigan, United States. J Intern Med. 2020;288(4):469–476. doi:10.1111/joim.13119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong HYF, Lam HYS, Fong AH-T, et al. Frequency and Distribution of Chest Radiographic Findings in Patients Positive for COVID-19. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E72–E78. doi:10.1148/radiol.2020201160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radiology, ACR. [Internet]. ACR recommendations for the use of chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) for suspected COVID-19. Infection. ACR website. Available from: https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position-Statements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-Suspected-COVID19-Infection. Accessed June 16, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Sharifpour M, Rangaraju S, Liu M, et al. C-Reactive protein as a prognostic indicator in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0242400. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0242400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang P, Sha J, Meng M, et al. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in middle-aged patients without comorbidities: a multicentre retrospective study. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):461. doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02655-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in china: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the chinese center for disease control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239–1242. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC COVID-19 Response Team. Severe outcomes among patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - United States, February 12-March 16, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(12):343–346. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6912e2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA. 2020;323(18):1775–1776. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Tao ZW, Wang L, et al. Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;133(9):1032–1038. doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000000775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du RH, Liang LR, Yang CQ, et al. Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2000524. doi:10.1183/13993003.00524-2020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061–1069. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley P, Frost F, Tharmaratnam K, Wootton DG, NW Collaborative Organisation for Respiratory Research. Utility of established prognostic scores in COVID-19 hospital admissions: multicentre prospective evaluation of CURB-65, NEWS2 and qSOFA. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2020;7(1):e000729. doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Du X, Chen J, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Infect. 2020;81(1):e6–e12. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Liu Y, Xiang P, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts critical illness patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in the early stage. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):206. doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02374-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar