394
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Associated Risk Factors and Prevention in Hubuna, Najran, Saudi Arabia

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , , & ORCID Icon
Pages 723-731 | Received 15 Dec 2022, Accepted 16 Feb 2023, Published online: 27 Feb 2023

References

  • Wollina U, Koch A, Schönlebe J, Tchernev G, Chokoeva A, Lotti T. Non-healing facial lesions: cutaneous old world leishmaniasis in Dresden. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2015;29(1 Suppl):99–102.
  • Reithinger R, Dujardin J-C, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(9):581–596. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70209-8
  • Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, et al. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e35671. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035671
  • Abass E, Al-Hashem Z, Yamani LZ. Leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: current situation and future perspectives. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):836. doi:10.12669/pjms.36.4.2121
  • Haouas N, Amer O, Alshammri FF, Al-Shammari S, Remadi L, Ashankyty I. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in northwestern Saudi Arabia: identification of sand fly fauna and parasites. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2497-6
  • Mokhtar I, Mosa B, Abdallah M. Epidemiological and serological study of leishmaniasis in Najran Region, Saudi Arabia. J Biol Life Sci. 2017;8(1):59–71. doi:10.5296/jbls.v8i1.10793
  • National Ministry of Health Public Health Deputyship Saudi Arabia. Cutaneous leishmaniasis management guide; 2019.
  • Reithinger R. Global burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(9):1004–1005. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30195-5
  • Talari S, Shajari G, Talaei R. Clinical study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a new focus of Iran. Res J Microbiol. 2010;5(10):1058–1062.
  • Hawash YA, Ismail KA, Abdel-Wahab MM, Khalifa M. Diagnosis, treatment and clinical features of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia. Korean J Parasitol. 2018;56(3):229. doi:10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.229
  • El-Beshbishy HA, Al-Ali KH, El-Badry AA. Molecular characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah province, western Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17(5):e334–e8. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2012.11.015
  • Uthman MA, Satir A, Tabbara K. Clinical and histopathological features of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005;19(4):431–436. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01210.x
  • Abuzaid AA, Abdoon AM, Aldahan MA, et al. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: a comprehensive overview. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2017;17(10):673–684. doi:10.1089/vbz.2017.2119
  • World Health Organization. WHO Bi-Regional Consultation on the Status of Leishmaniasis Control and Surveillance in East Africa. World Health Organization; 2018.
  • Abdalla NM, Abdelgani AM, Osman AA, Mohamed MN. Demographical and population dynamics impact on public health of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al-Madinah Almonawra, Saudi Arabia. Afr Health Sci. 2019;19(3):2421–2430. doi:10.4314/ahs.v19i3.16
  • World Health Organization. WHO Guideline for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV Co-Infected Patients in East Africa and South-East Asia. World Health Organization; 2022.
  • General authority for statistics. Demographic Survey. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Riyadh; 2022.
  • Yamane T. Statistics: An Introductory Analysis. 2nd ed. New York: Harper and Row; 1967.
  • Fellah H, Rhajaoui M, Ouahabi S, Belghiti D, Lyagoubi M. Occurrence of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Zouagha My Yacoub province (Morocco). Int J Agric Biol. 2007;9(1):197–198.
  • Alarfaj YY, Alghanim NI, Alkhalifah RH, Balghonaim MS, Ali MB. Incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in AL-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from 2011 to 2013. Indo Am J Pharm Sci. 2019;6(1):801–807.
  • Adegboye OA, Kotze D. Disease mapping of leishmaniasis outbreak in Afghanistan: spatial hierarchical Bayesian analysis. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2012;2(4):253–259. doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60056-5
  • Eid D, Guzman-Rivero M, Rojas E, et al. Risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the rainforest of Bolivia: a cross-sectional study. Trop Med Health. 2018;46(1):1–8. doi:10.1186/s41182-017-0082-5
  • Bousslimi N, Aoun K, Ben-Abda I, Ben-Alaya-Bouafif N, Raouane M, Bouratbine A. Epidemiologic and clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern Tunisia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;83(5):1034. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0234
  • Talbi FZ, El Khayyat F, El Omari H, et al. Cartography and epidemiological study of leishmaniasis disease in Sefrou province (2007–2010), central North of Morocco. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2020;2020. doi:10.1155/2020/1867651
  • Bsrat A, Berhe N, Balkew M, et al. Epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Saesie Tsaeda-emba district, eastern Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0758-9
  • Bugssa G, Hailu A, Demtsu B. The current status of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the pattern of lesions in Ochollo primary school students, Ochollo, Southwestern Ethiopia. Sci J Clin Med. 2014;3(6):111. doi:10.11648/j.sjcm.20140306.13
  • Rezaee N, Raissi V, Rajaeipour A, et al. Epidemiology, associated factors and treatment methods of cutaneous leishmaniasis based on previous data from 2013 to 2018 in Ilam, Western Iran. Acta Parasitol. 2020;65(3):760–767. doi:10.2478/s11686-020-00198-y
  • Al-Taqi M, Behbehani K. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kuwait. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1980;74(5):495–501. doi:10.1080/00034983.1980.11687374
  • Alraey Y. Distribution and epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia, from 2011 to 2020. J Infect Public Health. 2022;15(7):757–765. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2022.05.015
  • AlSamarai AM, AlObaidi HS. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iraq. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009;3(02):123–129. doi:10.3855/jidc.59
  • Siriwardana H, Thalagala N, Karunaweera N. Clinical and epidemiological studies on the cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani in Sri Lanka. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2010;104(3):213–223. doi:10.1179/136485910X12647085215615
  • Soltani S, Foroutan M, Hezarian M, Afshari H, Kahvaz MS. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: an epidemiological study in Southwest of Iran. J Parasit Dis. 2019;43(2):190–197. doi:10.1007/s12639-018-1073-0
  • Khan NH, Ul bari A, Hashim R, et al. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan: clinical diversity and species-level diagnosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016;95(5):1106. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0343
  • Nawaz M, Din M, Khan A, et al. Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic in hilly areas of district Karak, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. J Parasit Dis. 2020;44(4):725–729. doi:10.1007/s12639-020-01250-4
  • Votýpka J, Kasap OE, Volf P, Kodym P, Alten B. Risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Cukurova region, Turkey. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012;106(3):186–190. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.12.004
  • Khattak FA, Khan TA, Hussain M, et al. Analysis of associated risk factors among recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis patients: a cross-sectional study in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Infect Public Health. 2022;15(11):1175–1179. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2022.09.010
  • Fendri A, Beldjoudi W, Ahraou S, Djaballah M. Leishmaniasis in Constantine (Algeria): review of five years (2006–2010) at the University Hospital. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2011;105(1):46–48. doi:10.1007/s13149-011-0203-z
  • Barradah RK. Incidence trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Majmaah J Health Sci. 2020;5(2):57.
  • Alanazi AD, Alyousif MS, Saifi MA, Alanazi IO. Epidemiological studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis in ad-Dawadimi District, Saudi Arabia. Trop J Pharm Res. 2016;15(12):2709–2712. doi:10.4314/tjpr.v15i12.24
  • Al Daari M, Al Haidari S, Al Amad M. Epidemiology of Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Yemen, 2019–2020. Int J Epidemiol Public Health Res. 2022;2:1.
  • Okwor I, Mou Z, Liu D, Uzonna J. Protective immunity and vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis. Front Immunol. 2012;3:128. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00128
  • Anonymous. Leishmaniasis in Pakistan 2013; 2022. Available from: http://www.dawn.com/news/794483/leishmaniasis-in-pakistan. Accessed February 21, 2023.
  • Ul Bari A, Yusuf R, Bangash T, Ejaz A. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in central Punjab and Azad Kashmir regions of Pakistan. J Pak Assoc Dermatologists. 2012;22(3):191–196.
  • Kroeger A, Avila EV, Morison L. Insecticide impregnated curtains to control domestic transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela: cluster randomised trial. BMJ. 2002;325(7368):810–813. doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7368.810
  • Reyburn H, Ashford R, Mohsen M, Hewitt S, Rowland M. A randomized controlled trial of insecticide-treated bednets and chaddars or top sheets, and residual spraying of interior rooms for the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kabul, Afghanistan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2000;94(4):361–366. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(00)90104-4
  • Vélez ID, Gilchrist K, Martínez S, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a defined vaccine for the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Vaccine. 2009;28(2):329–337. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.045
  • Rojas CA. An ecosystem approach to human health and the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tumaco, Colombia. Cad Saude Publica. 2001;17:S193–S200. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2001000700029