References
- Soriano JB, Kendrick PJ, Paulson KR.; GBD Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(6):585–596. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30105-3
- Schneider JL, Rowe JH, Garcia-de-alba C, Kim CF, Sharpe AH, Haigis MC. The aging lung: physiology, disease, and immunity. Cell. 2021;184(8):1990–2019. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.005
- World Health Organization. Chronic respiratory diseases; 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/chronic-respiratory-diseases#tab=tab_1. Accessed September 4, 2023.
- Yorgancioglu A, Khaltaev N, Bousquet J, Varghese C. The global alliance against chronic respiratory diseases: journey so far and way ahead. Chin Med J. 2020;133(13):1513–1515. doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000000851
- Dalju I, Dessie A, Bogale L, Mekonnen TH. Occupational risk factors associated with respiratory symptoms among tannery workers in Mojo town, Southeast Ethiopia, 2018: a comparative cross-sectional study. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2019;14:1–10. doi:10.4081/mrm.2019.25
- de Perio MA, Kobayashi M, Wortham JM. Occupational respiratory infections. Clin Chest Med. 2020;41(4):739–751. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2020.08.003
- Rojas M, Mora AL, Kapetanaki M, Weathington N, Gladwin M, Eickelberg O. Aging and lung disease. Clinical Impact and cellular and molecular pathways. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015;12(12):S222–S227. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201508-484PL
- The Forum of International Respiratory Societies. Latest News; 2023. Available from: https://www.firsnet.org/. Accessed September 4, 2023.
- Booth S, Johnson MJ. Improving the quality of life of people with advanced respiratory disease and severe breathlessness. Breathe. 2019;15(3):198–215. doi:10.1183/20734735.0200-2019
- Caballero MT, Bianchi AM, Nuño A, et al. Mortality associated with acute respiratory infections among children at home. J Infect Dis. 2019;219(3):358–364. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy517
- Al Rajeh AM, Naser AY, Siraj R, et al. Acute upper respiratory infections admissions in England and Wales. Medicine. 2023;102(21):e33616. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000033616
- Alwafi H, Naser AY, Ashoor DS, et al. Trends in hospital admissions and prescribing due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in England and Wales between 1999 and 2020: an ecological study. BMC Pulm Med. 2023;23(1):49. doi:10.1186/s12890-023-02342-6
- Naser AY. Hospitalisation profile in England and Wales, 1999 to 2019: an ecological study. BMJ Open. 2023;13(4):e068393. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068393
- Naser AY, Mansour MM, Alanazi AFR, et al. Hospital admission trends due to respiratory diseases in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: an ecologic study. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):356. doi:10.1186/s12890-021-01736-8
- Alqahtani JS. Prevalence, incidence, morbidity and mortality rates of COPD in Saudi Arabia: trends in burden of COPD from 1990 to 2019. PLoS One. 2022;17(5):1–12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268772
- Alomary SA, Al Madani AJ, Althagafi WA, et al. Prevalence of asthma symptoms and associated risk factors among adults in Saudi Arabia: a national survey from global asthma network phase I. World Allergy Organ J. 2022;15(1):1–11. doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100623
- Alamoudi O. Prevalence of respiratory diseases in hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a 5 years study 1996–2000. Ann Thorac Med. 2006;1(2):76–80. doi:10.4103/1817-1737.27106
- Al Ghobain M, Al-Hajjaj MS, Wali SO. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among smokers attending primary healthcare clinics in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2011;31(2):129–133. doi:10.4103/0256-4947.77485
- Moradi-Lakeh M, El Bcheraoui C, Daoud F, et al. Prevalence of asthma in Saudi adults: findings from a national household survey, 2013. BMC Pulm Med. 2015;15(1):1–7. doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0080-5
- Alshahrani ZM. Survey of COPD Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Among Saudi Arabian Respiratory Therapists. Georgia state Univeristy; 2021.
- Pleasants RA, Heidari K, Ohar J, et al. Respiratory Symptoms among US adults: a cross-sectional health survey study. Pulm Ther. 2022;8(3):255–268. doi:10.1007/s41030-022-00194-9
- Rodrigues da Costa M, Fitzgerald RM, Manzanilla EG, et al. A cross-sectional survey on respiratory disease in a cohort of Irish pig farms. Ir Vet J. 2020;73(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s13620-020-00176-w
- Maio S, Baldacci S, Carrozzi L, et al. Respiratory symptoms/diseases prevalence is still increasing: a 25-yr population study. Respir Med. 2016;110:58–65. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2015.11.006
- Akhter Z, Razzaq S, Rabbani U, Irfan M, Burney P, Nafees AA. Prevalence of and risk factors for respiratory symptoms in an adult urban population. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2021;25(1):16–22. doi:10.5588/ijtld.20.0057
- Salvi SS, Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers. Lancet. 2009;374(9691):733–743. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61303-9
- Burney P, Jarvis D, Perez-Padilla R. The global burden of chronic respiratory disease in adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015;19(1):10–20. doi:10.5588/ijtld.14.0446
- Ramírez-Venegas A, Velázquez-Uncal M, Pérez-Hernández R, et al. Prevalence of COPD and respiratory symptoms associated with biomass smoke exposure in a suburban area. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;13:1727–1734. doi:10.2147/COPD.S156409
- Celli B, Fabbri L, Criner G, et al. Definition and nomenclature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: time for its revision. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;206(11):1317–1325. doi:10.1164/rccm.202204-0671PP
- Confalonieri M, Braga L, Salton F, Ruaro B, Confalonieri P. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease definition: is it time to incorporate the concept of failure of lung regeneration? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023;207(3):366–367. doi:10.1164/rccm.202208-1508LE
- Basil MC, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Kathiriya JJ, et al. Human distal airways contain a multipotent secretory cell that can regenerate alveoli. Nature. 2022;604(7904):120–126. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04552-0
- Chen X, Zhang X, Zhang X. Smog in Our Brains: Gender Differences in the Impact of Exposure to Air Pollution on Cognitive Performance in China. Washington DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute; 2017.
- Huang S, Garshick E, Weschler LB, et al. Home environmental and lifestyle factors associated with asthma, rhinitis and wheeze in children in Beijing, China. Environ Pollut. 2020;256:113426. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113426
- Larenas-Linnemann D, Romero-Tapia SJ, Virgen C, Mallol J, Baeza Bacab MA, García-Marcos L. Risk factors for wheezing in primary health care settings in the tropics. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;124(2):179–184. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2019.11.008
- Mészáros D, Burgess J, Walters EH, et al. Domestic airborne pollutants and asthma and respiratory symptoms in middle age. Respirology. 2014;19(3):411–418. doi:10.1111/resp.12245
- Turner MO, Noertjojo K, Vedal S, Bai T, Crump S, Fitzgerald JM. Risk factors for near-fatal asthma. A case-control study in hospitalized patients with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:1804–1809. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.6.9708092
- Zuraimi MS, Tham KW, Chew FT, Ooi PL, Koh D. Home air-conditioning, traffic exposure, and asthma and allergic symptoms among preschool children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011;22:e112–e118. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.00992.x
- Johnston JD, Barney TP, Crandall JH, et al. Prevalence of house dust mite allergens in low-income homes with evaporative coolers in a semiarid climate. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2018;73(1):38–41. doi:10.1080/19338244.2017.1282846
- Moriyama M, Hugentobler WJ, Iwasaki A. Seasonality of respiratory viral infections. Annu Rev Virol. 2020;7(1):83–101. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-012420-022445
- Azziz Baumgartner E, Dao CN, Nasreen S, et al. Seasonality, timing, and climate drivers of influenza activity worldwide. J Infect Dis. 2012;206(6):838–846. doi:10.1093/infdis/jis467
- Peci A, Winter AL, Li Y, et al. Effects of absolute humidity, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed on influenza activity in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2019;85(6):1–13. doi:10.1128/AEM.02426-18
- Homętowska H, Świątoniowska-lonc N, Klekowski J, Chabowski M, Jankowska-Polańska B. Treatment adherence in patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(18):1–14. doi:10.3390/ijerph191811573
- Wiśniewski D, Porzezińska M, Gruchała-Niedoszytko M, Niedoszytko M, Słomiński JM, Jassem E. Factors influencing adherence to treatment in COPD patients and its relationship with disease exacerbations. Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 2014;82(2):96–104. doi:10.5603/PiAP.2014.0015
- Terzano C, Cremonesi G, Girbino G, et al. PRISMA (PRospectIve Study on asthMA control) study group, 1-year prospective real life monitoring of asthma control and quality of life in Italy. Respir Res. 2012;13(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-13-112
- Vestbo J, Anderson JA, Calverley PM, et al. Adherence to inhaled therapy, mortality and hospital admission in COPD. Thorax. 2009;64(11):939–943. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.113662
- Thi HDN, Van GV. The satisfaction and adherence to inhaler devices among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma at a tertiary hospital in Viet Nam. J Func Vent Pulm. 2021;38:1–78.
- Pearce N, Aït-Khaled N, Beasley R, et al.; ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Worldwide trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: Phase III of the International Study of Asthma And Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax. 2007;62(9):758–766. doi:10.1136/thx.2006.070169