The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccines on the Development of Acute Complications in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

References

• Mahase E. Covid-19: WHO declares pandemic because of “alarming levels” of spread, severity, and inaction. BMJ. 2020;368:m1036. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suvvari TK, Kutikuppala LVS, Tsagkaris C, Corriero AC, Kandi V. Post-COVID-19 complications: multisystemic approach. J Med Virol. 2021;93(12):6451–6455. doi:10.1002/jmv.27222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke SA, Abbara A, Dhillo WS. Impact of COVID-19 on the endocrine system: a mini-review. Endocrinology. 2022;163(1):bqab203. doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollard CA, Morran MP, Nestor-Kalinoski AL. The COVID-19 pandemic: a global health crisis. Physiol Genomics. 2020;52(11):549–557. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00089.2020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dooling K, Marin M, Wallace M, et al. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Updated Interim Recommendation for Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine - United States, December 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;69(5152):1657–1660. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm695152e2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisco G, De Tullio A, Giagulli VA, Guastamacchia E, De Pergola G, Triggiani V. Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review. Endocrine. 2020;70(3):441–453. doi:10.1007/s12020-020-02444-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory JM, Slaughter JC, Duffus SH, et al. COVID-19 Severity Is Tripled in the Diabetes Community: a Prospective Analysis of the Pandemics Impact in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(2):526–532. doi:10.2337/dc20-2260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang I, Lim MA, Pranata R. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia - A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(4):395–403. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2000547. doi:10.1183/13993003.00547-2020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahamat-Saleh Y, Fiolet T, Rebeaud ME, et al. Diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, smoking and COVID-19-related mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ Open. 2021;11(10):e052777. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng C, Shao W, Chen X, Zhang B, Wang G, Zhang W. Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a literature review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2022;114:252–260. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leelavathy M, Messaline S, Ramachandran D, Sukumaran A, Jose R, Noufel AN. Attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination among the public in Kerala: a cross sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021;10(11):4147–4152. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_583_21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Samuel SM, Varghese E, Triggle CR, Büsselberg D. COVID-19 Vaccines and Hyperglycemia-Is There a Need for Postvaccination Surveillance? Vaccines 2022;10(3):454. doi:10.3390/vaccines10030454
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abu-Rumaileh MA, Gharaibeh AM, Gharaibeh NE. COVID-19 Vaccine and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State. Cureus. 2021;13(3):e14125. doi:10.7759/cureus.14125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan EYF, Chui CSL, Mok AHY, et al. mRNA (BNT162b2) and Inactivated (CoronaVac) COVID-19 Vaccination and Risk of Adverse Events and Acute Diabetic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Population-Based Study. Drug Saf. 2022;45(12):1477–1490. doi:10.1007/s40264-022-01228-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards AE, Vathenen R, Henson SM, Finer S, Gunganah K. Acute hyperglycaemic crisis after vaccination against COVID-19: a case series. Diabet Med. 2021;38(11):e14631. doi:10.1111/dme.14631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakou F, Saburi M, Hirose A, et al. A Case Series of Ketoacidosis After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:840580. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.840580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HJ, Sajan A, Tomer Y. Hyperglycemic Emergencies Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination: a Case Series and Discussion. J Endocr Soc. 2021;5(11):bvab141. doi:10.1210/jendso/bvab141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaturu S, Azimi SD, Allen AM, Atkins, J, et al. Covid-19 vaccine related hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state and normalized glycemia within 2 months. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus. 2022;12(01):12–17. doi:10.4236/jdm.2022.121002
   Google Scholar
• Mishra A, Ghosh A, Dutta K, Tyagi K, Misra A. Exacerbation of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes after vaccination for COVID19: report of three cases. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15(4):102151. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang T, Mei Q, Zhang Z, et al. Risk for newly diagnosed diabetes after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2022;20(1):444. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02656-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie Y, Xu E, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022;28(3):583–590. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Nature. 2021;594(7862):259–264. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03553-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu CT, Lidsky PV, Xiao Y, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infects human pancreatic β cells and elicits β cell impairment. Cell Metab. 2021;33(8):1565–1576.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie Y, Al-Aly Z. Risks and burdens of incident diabetes in long COVID: a cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(5):311–321. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00044-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang X, Uhl S, Zhang T, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces beta cell transdifferentiation. Cell Metab. 2021;33(8):1577–1591.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aydoğan Bİ, Ünlütürk U, Cesur M. Type 1 diabetes mellitus following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Endocrine. 2022;78(1):42–46. doi:10.1007/s12020-022-03130-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakurai K, Narita D, Saito N, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus following COVID-19 RNA-based vaccine. J Diabetes Investig. 2022;13(7):1290–1292. doi:10.1111/jdi.13781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon H, Suh S, Park MK. Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Development Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination. J Korean Med Sci. 2023;38(2):e12. doi:10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bally K, Ji B, Soni L. COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e33762. doi:10.7759/cureus.33762
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kwan AC, Ebinger JE, Botting P, Navarrette J, Claggett B, Cheng S. Association of COVID-19 Vaccination With Risk for Incident Diabetes After COVID-19 Infection. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(2):e2255965. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.55965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Infante M, Fabbri A, Padilla N, et al. BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Does Not Impact the Honeymoon Phase in Type 1 Diabetes: a Case Report. Vaccines. 2022;10(7):1096. doi:10.3390/vaccines10071096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meo SA, Bukhari IA, Akram J, Meo AS, Klonoff DC. COVID-19 vaccines: comparison of biological, pharmacological characteristics and adverse effects of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021;25(3):1663–1669. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202102_24877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahallawi WH, Mumena WA. Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of the Pfizer and AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccines. Front Immunol. 2021;12:794642. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.794642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Khames Aga QA, Alkhaffaf WH, Hatem TH, et al. Safety of COVID-19 vaccines. J Med Virol. 2021;93(12):6588–6594. doi:10.1002/jmv.27214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Berg JM, Remmelzwaal S, Blom MT, et al. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review. Vaccines 2022;11(1):24. doi:10.3390/vaccines11010024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicembrini I, Vitale V, Cosentino C, et al. Interstitial glucose monitoring, type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 vaccine: the patient-reported outcomes and vaccine-associated changes in glucose and side effects (PRO-VACS). Acta Diabetol. 2022;59(3):435–438. doi:10.1007/s00592-021-01837-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharjee A, Khanna A, Gutch M. COVID vaccination in patients with diabetes mellitus: a catch 22 situation? J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(1):403–404. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1313_21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar