Serum ACTH and Cortisol Level is Associated with the Acute Gastrointestinal Injury Grade in ICU Patients

References

• Gibbison B, Keenan DM, Roelfsema F, et al. Dynamic pituitary-adrenal interactions in the critically ill after cardiac surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(5):1327–1342. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annane D, Pastores SM, Rochwerg B, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in critically ill patients (Part I): society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) 2017 [published correction appears in Intensive Care Med. 2018 Feb 23]. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(12):1751–1763. doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4919-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marik PE. Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency. Chest. 2009;135(1):181–193. doi:10.1378/chest.08-1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang CJ, Lin HC. Association between adrenal insufficiency and ventilator weaning. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(3):276–280. doi:10.1164/rccm.200504-545OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagate F, Bedet A, Tomberli F, et al. Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency during difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation. Ann Intensive Care. 2021;11(1):65. doi:10.1186/s13613-021-00852-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan T, Khoo B, Mills EG, et al. Association between high serum total cortisol concentrations and mortality from COVID-19. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(8):659–660. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30216-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong M, Xu W, Qiu Y, et al. Association of changes in acute gastrointestinal injury grade with prognosis in critically ill patients: a Prospective, Single-Center, Observational Study. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021;14:279–286. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S291883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reintam Blaser A, Malbrain ML, Starkopf J, et al. Gastrointestinal function in intensive care patients: terminology, definitions and management. Recommendations of the ESICM Working Group on Abdominal Problems. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(3):384–394. doi:10.1007/s00134-011-2459-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karling P, Norrback K-F, Adolfsson R, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in healthy individuals. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007;42(11):1294–1301. doi:10.1080/00365520701395945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karling P, Wikgren M, Adolfsson R, et al. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hypersuppression is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in major depression. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016;22(2):292–303. doi:10.5056/jnm15064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Kan EM, Lu J, et al. Combat-training increases intestinal permeability, immune activation and gastrointestinal symptoms in soldiers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37(8):799–809. doi:10.1111/apt.12269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan F, Ai Y, Sun T, et al. The role of inflammatory cytokines in anemia and gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by foot electric stimulation. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):3101. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82604-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alain-Pascal BB, Wei HJ, Chen X, Zhang JN. Evaluation of stress hormones in traumatic brain injury patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Chin J Traumatol. 2010;13(1):25–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kang J, Han M, Hong S-B, et al. Effect of adjunctive corticosteroid on 28-day mortality in neutropenic patients with septic shock. Ann Hematol. 2019;98(10):2311–2318. doi:10.1007/s00277-019-03785-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoshino C, Satoh N, Narita M, et al. Another ‘Cushing ulcer’. BMJ Case Rep. 2011;2011:bcr0220113888. doi:10.1136/bcr.02.2011.3888
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyu N, Zhao Q, Fu B, et al. Hormonal and inflammatory signatures of different mood episodes in bipolar disorder: a large-scale clinical study. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):449. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04846-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Berghe G, Téblick A, Langouche L, et al. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in sepsis- and hyperinflammation-induced critical illness: gaps in current knowledge and future translational research directions. EBioMedicine. 2022;84:104284. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs A, Derese I, Vander Perre S, et al. Dynamics and prognostic value of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to pediatric critical illness and association with corticosteroid treatment: a prospective observational study. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(1):70–81. doi:10.1007/s00134-019-05854-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salluh JI, Shinotsuka CR, Soares M, et al. Cortisol levels and adrenal response in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review of the literature. J Crit Care. 2010;25(3):541.e1–541.e5418. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2010.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song JH, Kim JH, Lee S-M, et al. Prognostic implication of adrenocortical response during the course of critical illness. Acute Crit Care. 2019;34(1):38–45. doi:10.4266/acc.2018.00339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Luo W, Miao C, et al. Hypercatabolism and anti-catabolic therapies in the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome. Front Nutr. 2022;9:941097. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.941097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaikh S, Nagendra L, Shaikh S, et al. Adrenal failure: an evidence-based diagnostic approach. Diagnostics. 2023;13(10):1812. doi:10.3390/diagnostics13101812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett CJ, Henry R, Snipe RMJ, et al. Is the gut microbiota bacterial abundance and composition associated with intestinal epithelial injury, systemic inflammatory profile, and gastrointestinal symptoms in response to exertional-heat stress? J Sci Med Sport. 2020;23(12):1141–1153. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2020.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato-Kataoka A, Nishida K, Takada M, et al. Fermented milk containing lactobacillus casei strain shirota preserves the diversity of the gut microbiota and relieves abdominal dysfunction in healthy medical students exposed to academic stress. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016;82(12):3649–3658. doi:10.1128/AEM.04134-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar